Лекция3

12 12‑ﾵ#(+ﾧ 12/#)ﾧ 12-12 1225I5AB20 12A?>A>1=K5 12B25p1245BL 12?>A;5 12A>548=5=8O 12A 122>4>9 128 12A>Ep120=OBL 12?p12>G=>ABL 12B>;L:> 12=0 122>74CE5,12 12=0?p128<5p12:12 1238?A,12 122>74CH=0O 128725ABL,12 12684:>5 12AB5:;>.12

12 12ﾵ 'ﾧ!ﾧ 12/#)ﾧ 12-12 1225I5AB20 12A?>A>1=K5 12?>A;5 12A>5­1248=5=8O 12A 122>4>9 12B25p1245BL 128 13A>Ep130=OBL 13?p13>G=>ABL 13=0 132>74CE5 138 132 132>45:13 13?>p13B;0=4F5<5=B 138 1353> 13p1307=>284=>AB8,13 133;8=>75<8ABK9 13F5<5=B,13 13384p1302;8G5A:0O 138725ABL 138 134p13.13

135>p1330=8G5A:85 132O6CI85 1325I5AB20 13?>;CG0NB 13?CB5< 13>16830 133>p13=KE 13?>p13>4 138 13?>A;54CNI53> 1387<5;LG5=8O 13?>A;5 13>E;0645=8O.13

13>74CH=0O 138725ABL 13-13 13?p13>4C:B 13C<5p135==>3> 13>16830 13:0p131>=0B=KE 133>p13=KE 13?>p13>4 13-13 138725AB=O:>2,13 13<5;0.13 13­p138 13>16835 13AK@L5 1348AA>F88@C5B 13?> 13p1350:F88:13

13!0!‑₃₁₃ 13+13 13113713713,13713 13:ﾵ6 13 13=13 13 13!0‑ 13+13 13!‑₂₁₃.13

13"5<?5p130BCp130 13>16830 13(13B5>p135B8G5A:0O)13 13-13 13913113013 13!;13 13=0 13?p130:B8:5 13-13 13113‑‑‑ 13-13 13113213‑‑ 13!,13 13B.13:.13 13=5>1E>48<> 138A:;NG8BL 13>1p130B=>5 13?p13>B5:0=85 13p1350:F88.13 13­>;CG5==K9 13>:A84 13:0;LF8O 13=07K20NB 13=530H5=>9 138725ABLN 13(13:><>2>9,13 138725ABLN-13:8?5;:>9)13.13 13><:8 138<5NB 13:@C?=>-13?>p138ABCN 13ABp13C:BCp13C,13 13?>A:>;L:C 132K45;82H89AO 13!‑₂₁₃ 13A>AB02;O5B 13413413%13 13<0AAK 138A­13E>4=>3> 13<0B5p1380;0,13 130 13C<5=LH5=85 13>1J5<0 1370 13AG5B 13CA04:8 13?p13>8AE>­1348B 132A53> 13=0 13113413%13.13

13! 13<><5=B0 1370B2>p135=8O 132>4>9 13!0‑ 13?p13>8AE>48B 1355 13384p130B0F8O 13(1330H5=85)13

13!0‑ 13+13 13₂₁₃‑ 13=13 13!0(13‑)13 ₁₃₂₁₃ 13+13 13613513,13213 13:ﾵ6.13

13!0(13‑)13₂₁₃ 132 13?p13>F5AA5 13M:A?;C0B0F88 13p135038p13C5B 13A 13!‑₂₁₃ 1387 132>74C­13E0,13 13?p13>8AE>48B 13?p13>F5AA 13:0p131>=870F88 13?> 13p1350:F88

13!0(13‑)13 ₁₃₂₁₃ 13+13 13!‑₂₁₃ 13=13 13!0!‑₃₁₃ 13+13 13₂₁₃‑.13

13‑1p1307CNI85AO 13?p138 13MB>< 13:p138AB0;;K 13!0!‑₃₁₃ 13Ap130AB0NBAO 13A 13:p138A­13B0;;0<8 13!0(13‑)13₂₁₃,13 13GB> 13C?;>B=O5B 138 13C?p13>G=O5B 138725AB:>2K9 13p130AB2>p13.13 13725ABL 13?p138<5=ONB 132 13>A=>2=>< 134;O 13?p1383>B>2;5=8O 13ABp13>8B5;L=KE 13p130AB2>p13>2,13 13B.135.13 132 13A<5A8 13A 13?5A:>< 138;8 134p13C38<8 1370?>;=8B5;O<8,13 13?>A:>;L:C 13G8ABK9 138725AB:>2K9 13@0AB2>@ 13?p138 132KAKE0=88 138 13B25p1345=88 13p130ABp135A:8205BAO 1387-1370 131>;LH>9 13CA04:8.13 13725AB:>2>-13?5AG0=K5 13p130AB­142>p14K 14G5p1457 14214814 14ACB>: 14(14=>p14<0B82=K9 14Ap14>: 14B25p1445=8O)14 148<5NB 14=52KA>­14:CN 14?p14>G=>ABL:14 14R14c14 14=14 14214& 314 14­0.14 14725ABL 142E>48B 142 14A>AB02 14ABp14>8­14B5;L=KE 14p140AB2>p14>2 144;O 14:;04:8 14=075<=KE 14A>>p14C65=89 148 14HBC:0BCp14=KE 14p1401>B,14 1455 148A?>;L7CNB 14?p148 14?p14>872>4AB25 14A8;8:0B=>3> 14:8p14?8G0 148 144p14C38E 14A8;8:0B=KE 14<0B5p1480;>2,14 140 14B0:65 142 14:0G5AB25 14A2O7CNI53> 1425­14I5AB20 144;O 148725AB:>2KE 14>3=570I8B=KE 14>1<07>:.14

14!B@>8B5;L=K9 1438?A 14(140;510AB@)14 14?>;CG0NB 14?CB5< 14B5p14<8G5A:>9 14>1p1401>B:8 1438?A>2>3> 14:0<=O,14 14A>AB>OI53> 142 14>A=>2=>< 1487 14<8=5p140;0 1438?A0 14!0S14‑₄₁₄*14214₂₁₄‑.14

14­p148p14>4=K9 1438?A 142O6CI8<8 14A2>9AB20<8 14=5 14>140405B.14 14‑4=0:> 14?p148 14=03p14520=88 142KH5 14714‑ 14! 14(142 14?@>872>4AB25==KE 14CA;>28OE 14=03@520NB 144> 14114114014-14114814014 14!)14 14?p14>8AE>48B 1453> 14G0AB8G=0O 1445384p140B0F8O 14A 14>1p1407>20=85< 14?>;C2>4­14=>3> 1438?A0,14 14>1;040NI53> 142O6CI8<8 14A2>9AB20<8:14

14!0S14‑₄₁₄*14214₂₁₄‑ 14=14 14!0S14O14₄₁₄*14‑,14514₂₁₄‑+14114,14514₂₁₄‑.14

14­>;CG05<K9 14?>;C2>4=K9 1438?A 14!0S14‑₄₁₄*14‑,14514₂₁₄‑ 14=>A8B 14=0720=85 14ABp14>8B5;L=>3> 1438?A0.14 14­p148 1470B2>p145=88 14ABp14>8B5;L=>3> 1438?A0 142>4>9 14 14-14 14614‑-14714‑%14 14(14?> 14<0AA5)14 14>1p1407C5BAO 14?;0AB8G=>5 14B5AB>,14 14:>B>p14>5 141KABp14> 14703CAB5205B,14 14?5p145E>48B 142 14:0<=5284=>5 14A>AB>O=85 14A 14?>AB5?5==K< 14=0p140AB0=85< 14?p14>G=>AB8 14(14R14_A 14=14 14514,14514 14­0 14G5p1457 14114,14514 14G0­14A0)14,14 142 1440;L=59H5< 14A>?p14>B82;5=85 1438?A0 14A60B8N 142>7p140AB05B 144> 14214514 14­0.14 14! 14<><5=B0 1470B2>p145=8O 14ABp14>8B5;L=>3> 143?8A0 142>4>9 14845B 14p1450:­14F8O 14384p140B0F88

14!0S14‑₄₁₄*14‑,14514₂₁₄‑+14114,14514₂₁₄‑ 14=14 14!0S14‑₄₁₄*14214₂₁₄‑.14