АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК УЧЕБНИК 1 КУРС

during prep	в продолжение, в течение, во время
type v	печатать, набирать на компьютере
hairdressing n	парикмахерское дело
tie n	связь, шнур, узел, петля
intend v	намереваться, собираться, подразумевать
keep in touch	поддерживать контакт, связь
tutor n	руководитель группы студентов,
	домашний учитель, репетитор
attend v	посещать, присутствовать
enter v	входить, поступать
overseas a	заграничный, заморский
train v	воспитывать, обучать, готовить
nursing n	профессия среднего медицинского
	образования
law n	закон, право, профессия юриста

2.1.12. Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык.

Three terms, to be divided, from the beginning, the best-known universities, at least, to be necessary, to be enough, citizen, local authority, to differ from each other, methods of instruction, a university graduate, important feature, research, date from, so-called, to include, to set up, among them, to offer fulltime courses, to specialize in, particular, cooking, hairdressing, part –time courses, strong ties, own, to attend lectures, to keep in touch, formal qualification, to enter ordinary university, to train in law, way of life.

2.1.13. Прочитайте текст и назовите типы высших учебных заведений, упомянутых в тексте:

LIFE AT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

The academic year in Britain‘s universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of

Education is divided into three terms, which usually run from the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March, and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.

There are 46 universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Southampton, Cardiff, Bristol, Birmingham.

Good A-level results in at least two subjects are necessary to get a place at the university. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local education authority.

English universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, way of student life.

After three years of study a university graduate will leave with a Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Later he may continue to take the Master‘s Degree and then the Doctor‘s Degree. Research is an important feature of university work.

The two intellectual eyes of Great Britain – Oxford and Cambridge Universities

– date from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

The Scottish universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

In the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries the so-called Redbrick universities were founded. These include London, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield, and Birmingham. During the late sixtieth and early seventieth some 20 new universities were set up. Sometimes they are called ―concrete and glass‘ universities. Among them are the universities of Sussex, York, East Anglia and some others.

During these years the Government set up thirty Polytechnics. The Polytechnics, like the universities, offer first and higher degrees. Some of them offer full-time and sandwich courses. Colleges of Education provide two-year courses in teacher education or sometimes three years if the graduate specializes in some particular subject.

Some of those who decide to leave school at the age of 16 may go to a further education college where they can follow a course in typing, engineering, town planning, cooking, or hairdressing, full-time or part-time. Further education colleges have strong ties with commerce and industry.

There is an interesting form of studies which is called the Open University. It is intended for people who study in their own free time and who ―attend‖ lectures by watching television and listening to the radio. They keep in touch by phone and letter with their tutors and attend summer schools. The Open University students have no formal qualifications and would be unable to enter ordinary universities.

Some 80,000 overseas students study at British universities or further education colleges or train in nursing, law, banking or in industry.

2.1.14. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста, подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста:

1.The students of Polytechnics can get only the first degree.

2.The Redbrick universities were set up in seventieth last century.

3.There are three terms in the academic year in British universities.

4.The students of the Open University get first and higher degrees.

5.One can enter the university if he or she has good result in one subject.

6.College of Education provides four-year courses.

7.The students of the Open University should attend lectures during the academic year.

8.All the universities in Britain have the same traditions and general organization.

9.The students of Polytechnics may work and study at the same time.

10.The universities of Sussex, York and East Anglia are sometimes called

―concrete and glass‖ universities.

11.Children at the age of fourteen may go to a further education college. 12.There are no overseas students at British universities.

2.1.15.Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.How many terms are there in the academic year in Britain?

2.How many universities are there in Great Britain?

3.What is necessary to get a place at the university?

4.Who gets grants at the universities?

5.How do the universities differ?

6.What degree does the university graduate get after three years of studying?

7.How many years does it take to get the Master‘s Degree and the Doctor‘s

Degree?

8.What is an important feature of university work?

9.How old is Oxford University?

10.How old is Cambridge University?

11.How old are the Scottish Universities?

12.When were the Redbrick universities founded? 13.When were the ―concrete and glass‖ universities set up?

14.How many Polytechnics did the Government set up?

15.What degrees do Polytechnics offer?

16.What courses do they offer?

17.What courses do the Colleges of Education provide?

18.What course can the young people follow after leaving school at the age of 16?

19.What is the method of instruction at the Open University?

20.How do the students of the Open University keep in touch with their tutors? 21.Do the Open University students have formal qualification?

22.How many overseas students are there in Britain?

2.1.16. Прочитайте текст. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

Поддерживать связь, быть недостаточным, выпускник университета, местные власти, так называемый, присуждѐнная квалификация, гражданин, поступить в обычный университет, два семестра, среди них, отличаться друг от друга, самые известные университеты, включать в себя, датироваться, быть необходимым, особенный, парикмахерское дело, предлагать очное обучение, с начала двадцатого века, учреждать, прочные связи, методы обучения, образ жизни, по крайней мере, важная черта, исследование, кулинария, собственный, торговля, получать подготовку в юриспруденции, посещать лекции, специализироваться в, быть разделенным на.

2.1.17. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания:

1.Они поддерживают связь со своими руководителями по телефону.

2.Мой друг получил стипендию от правительства.

3.Мы прошли курс экономики в прошлом году.

4.Я бы хотел получить подготовку по банковскому делу.

5.Этот университет готовит экономистов и бухгалтеров.

6.Эти народы очень отличаются своими традициями.

7.Его дядя получил докторскую степень в прошлом году.

8.Мои братья очень отличаются друг от друга.

9.Чтобы получить место в университете вам необходимо пройти собеседование.

10.Московский государственный университет был основан в 1755 году. 11.Эти студенты специализировались в юриспруденции.

12.Наш преподаватель использует различные современные методы обучения.

13.Я хочу продолжить обучение и получить степень магистра. 14.Необходимо получить хорошие результаты по крайней мере по двум

предметам, чтобы поступить в университет.

15.Он студент очного отделения нашего университета, а еѐ брат учится и работает.

16.Эти университеты очень отличаются методом обучения.

2.1.18.Прочитайте текст и найдите предложение, сказуемое которого выражено видо-временной формой Future Indefinite.

2.1.19.Сократите текст, опустив несущественные детали.

2.1.20.Составьте план и передайте содержание текста по ключевым словам:

Academic year, good results, interview, to leave with a degree, to be founded, Polytechnics, to offer, a further education college, to be intended for, to attend, overseas.

2.1.21. Расскажите, какие возможности продолжить образование после получения обязательного общего среднего образования существуют в нашей стране.

Раздел 2.2.

2.2.1. Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

crucial a	решающий, ключевой, критический
gain v	получать, приобретать
employment n	работа, занятие, наѐм (на работу)
skilled a	опытный, умелый, квалифицированный
to be keen	сильно желать, стремиться сделать что-то
various a	различный, разнообразный
occupation n	занятие, вид деятельности, профессия
catering n	обслуживание обедов, свадеб
introduce v	вводить, внедрять, устанавливать
primarily adv	в первую очередь, главным образом
provide v	снабжать, обеспечивать, предоставлять
opportunity n	возможность, удобный случай
curriculum vita	биография
uncharted a	неисследованный
cover v	покрывать, пройти, предусматривать
complete v	заканчивать, завершать
require v	требовать, приказывать, испытывать
	необходимость
viable a	конкурентоспособный, осуществлѐнный
loan n	ссуда, заѐм
enterprise n	предприятие, предприимчивость, инициатива

2.2.2. Прочитайте текст и назовите, какие возможности получить работу есть у британской молодѐжи:

SIXTEEN AND AFTER

Sixteen is a crucial age. This is when young men and women have to decide whether to stay at school, to go on to a college, to look for a job, or to start a Young Training Program. All have to think about gaining employment in a job market which demands increasingly skilled workers. Most study for

―A‖ and ―AS‖ level qualifications. These are two-year courses in single subject. Students will usually take two or three subjects which may be combined with one or two ―AS‖ courses. These are offered by schools and colleges.

The government is keen that more young people should stay on at school or college for the period between 16 and 18, not just to do academic work but also to gain practical skills which will prepare them for employment. Colleges of further education offer a number of more vocationally orientated courses for 16 to 18 year-olds. Vocational qualifications prepare young people for work in various occupations such as business, engineering, administration, catering and tourism. Vocational qualifications are reformed into National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) and General NVQs (GNVQs). NVQs are

designed for people at work, although they can be taken at colleges and at some schools. GNVQ‘s introduced from September 1992 are designed primarily for young people in full-time education in schools and colleges.

They are a vocational alternative to ―A‖ levels and offer a broad-based vocational education for a range or related jobs within an occupational area such as business, art and design or health and social care. They also provide a ladder towards higher levels of study, including higher education, and to employment.

After their period in further education young people have the opportunity to go on to higher education in a university, polytechnic or college, provided they have good ―A‖ level exam results or good passes in vocational qualifications.

Unless they are fortunate enough to have a job to go to, the first stop for young people entering the job market at 16 is their local Job centre or careers office. Some school careers advisers teach such skills as filling out a curriculum vita or writing letters applying for jobs but for many young people this is uncharted territory. Youth workers in the Youth Service organizations also give advice and counseling.

A large number of 16 and 17 year-olds enter Youth Training programs established by the Government as a means of helping young people to gain vocational experience through training which can lead to National Vocational Qualifications at level II and above. The Government guarantees a place on the scheme to everybody under 18 who is not in full-time education or in work. Youth training programs, which include the Youth Credits initiative cover a wide range of vocational skills from hairdressing to engineering and a large percentage of trainees are able to find work once they have completed a Youth Training course.

Another option is to become self-employed. This requires a product or service which has a clear market as well as good advice and motivation. It isn‘t easy as is testified by the high proportion of business start-ups which fail during their first year. However, a number of organizations offer grants as well as start-up advice. For example the Prince‘s Youth Business Trust (assister of The Prince‘s Trust organization) helps unemployed and disadvantaged 18 to 29 year-olds set up viable businesses and provides grants and loans to both individuals and groups. The Shell-sponsored Livewire scheme helps young people between 16 and 25 to start business enterprise with advice and cash awards. Free advice is offered by the network of Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs), co-ordinated through the Department of Trade and Industry and run by professional advisers and business people. Also the Business Enterprise Program provides training in skills needed to run small business.

2.2.3.Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1.Why is sixteen a crucial age?

2.Where one can study to gain ―A‖ or ―AS‖ levels?

3.What courses are provided for young people in schools and colleges?

4.Where do young people get advice about entering the job market?

5.What do you know about Youth Training course?

6.Do most business start-ups succeed or fail?

7.What organizations help young people to start their own business?

8.What program provides training if a young man wants to start small business?

2.2.4.В каждом абзаце найдите предложение, выражающее его основную мысль. Озаглавьте каждый абзац.

2.2.5.Составьте план текста на русском языке.

2.2.6.Переведите составленный план на английский язык.

2.2,7. Напишите краткое изложение текста на английском языке.

2.2.8. Прочитайте диалог. Выучите его и разыграйте по ролям.

N: Hallo, Ann! How are you?

A: Fine! Thanks. And how are you getting on, Nancy? N: O.K. Nice to meet you again.

A: Let me walk you about the university. I am good at showing people about.

N: Oh, it‘s great! Please, do.

A: Our university was founded more than two hundred years ago. The old buildings are in the center of the city. And this one was built half a centutury ago.It looks really great, doesn‘t it?

N: Yes, it does. And what are these two buildings made of concrete and glass? A: They house many departments of our university. There is a gymnasium on your right. Sports competitions are held there.

N: What is this small building on our left?

A: It‘s a church. It was founded in the 18th century. It is very beautiful, there are old icons inside.

N: Now I see the university is really a big place. One can get lost here. It impressed me greatly.

Раздел 2.3.

2.3.1. Прочитайте текст и определите его основную идею:

Notes:

1.grammar school – классическая школа

2.―O‖ levels – экзамены «обычного» уровня

3.―A‖ levels – экзамены «продвинутого» уровня

My schooling really started at the age of five, and from the age of five until I was nine I went to a private school, which is quite unusual in England. Then my parents moved and I went to a village school in the countryside. This was a primary school which children usually go to from the ages of five to eleven. And then, at eleven we took an exam called the eleven plus. If we passed that we could go to grammar school, and if we failed we had to go to secondary school, which wasn‘t usually of such good quality. I think the system is changed a bit now. Fortunately, I passed my eleven plus. There were all kinds of general knowledge questions and things that, basically, you can work out if you‘ve got any common sense.

Then I went to a grammar school. That was also quite a good school. It was good for languages. So from the age of eleven and say sixteen when we took our ―O‖ levels, which were ―Ordinary‖ level exams, we studied about nine subjects.

My favourite teacher was in fact my Russian teacher. She was a French teacher who was married to a very old Russian emigrant. I was the only one studying Russian, but it was good because it meant I had private lessons. However, this made it more demanding because I always had to do my homework and there was no excuse.

So at the age of sixteen we took ―O‖ level exams, and then some people left after that. That was one option or we could go on to a technical college or

―Tech‖, and study some kind of technical or computer studies, or we could stay on for another two years, as I did, and take ―A‖ levels, which are Advanced level exams. I took ―A‖ levels in English Literature, Russian and Spanish, which, in retrospect, wasn‘t a very good idea, because I had to read so many books. I had to sit and read Tolstoy, Dickens and Cervantes.

At the age of about eighteen, in August, everybody in my year was waiting for their ―A‖ level results to see if they got high enough grades to go on to university. We had to apply for five universities, which we put on a list, with the best one at the top. If you want to go to Oxford or Cambridge, of course, you have to put that as number one, and then it goes down, so Oxford and Cambridge would have to be the first, and then maybe Bristol, Manchester, Leeds, and the rest. The Scottish universities are very good. The universities require a certain grade – ―A‖ to ―C‖ are passes. ―A‖ is the best, followed by ―B‖, then ―C‖. Usually they ask for three ―C‖s or above, I passed, fortunately, and I went to Leeds University, which was my first choice, because it had a very good Russian department, and I studied Russian and Spanish.

University usually lasts for three or four years. We were lucky, as when I was at university we were given a grant, or a lump sum of money to live on, and we didn‘t have to pay it back. The amount you got was graded according to your parents‘ income. So, if your parents didn‘t have very much money you got a full grant, which was not a lot of money, but you could live on it. So you could pay your rent, get food and go out quite a lot, as well as buy your books. Going to live in Leeds in the North was better, because things were much

cheaper than if I had been in London, where I imagine it‘s very difficult for a student to survive, especially these days.

At university, it‘s quite different from being at school because you have to rely on your own motivation. I know a lot of people who just didn‘t go to any of their classes because they weren‘t compulsory.

It was three years of enjoying yourself, basically, studying what you wanted to study, being away from home for the first time, and having some money and being able to go out to parties and concerts. For the first year, I lived in a hall of residence, which was a bit like being in a boarding school. There were lots of eighteen-year olds away from home for the first time, and of course they couldn‘t cook, and they weren‘t used to doing their own washing or looking after themselves. So this was good, because we had to learn to look after ourselves, cooking and cleaning, and at the same time finding time to study for our finals.

Final exams at university were based on the whole three years‘ studies, so there was a lot to learn and it was quite stressful in July when exam time came round. Some people think that this is not a good idea. And that it would be better if there was some sort of system of continuous assessment. Because there are a lot of people who do very well all year, and work very hard, but when it comes to doing exams they just go crazy with stress and can‘t remember anything when it comes to the three hour exam you have to do. So, I would be more in favour of that because I don‘t think three hours can fairly represent how much you have learnt in three years.

2.3.2.Письменно переведите текст со словарѐм.

2.3.3.Выберите заголовок, наиболее соответствующий содержанию текста:

1.School And University Life

2.Ways of Student Life

3.Schooling

4.My Education

2.3.4. Ролевая игра. В Москве проходит международная студенческая конференция. Все студенты общаются и расспрашивают друг друга о тех учебных заведениях, в которых они учатся (Оксфордский универстет, Токийский унверситет, Университет в Торонто, Мичиганский университет, Туринский университет, Варшавский университет, Московский университет и т.д.).

БЛОК 3

Грамматика: видо-временные формы страдательного залога

Cловообразование

Текст English Customs And Traditions

Раздел 3.1.

3.1.1. Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Present Indefinite страдательного залога, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

Образец:

He is often asked.

Is he often asked?

No, he isn‘t often asked.

1.The shops are usually closed at this time. 2. The students are examined in June. 3. The bills are paid every day. 4. The office is cleaned every evening. 5. These books are published in Italy. 6. The museum is always opened in the daytime. 7. The children are taught French at school. 8. She is often told the news at work. 9. He is seldom asked this question. 10. She is often invited to dinner.

3.1.2. Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Past Indefinite страдательного залога, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

Образец:

He was asked yesterday.

Was he asked yesterday?

No, he wasn‘t asked yesterday.

1.She was excited by the news yesterday. 2. Coffee was prepared some minutes ago. 3. He was chosen for this position a week ago. 4. We were invited to the party last weekend. 5. He was answered yesterday. 6. Carol was asked about the accident when she came to the police station. 7. They were taught economics last term. 8. This book was published a year ago. 9. This shop was closed yesterday. 10. The dinner was cooked quickly when we returned home.

3.1.3. Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Future Indefinite страдательного залога, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ: