Vocabulary

outstanding [aufstaendirj] выдающийся

public figure ['figa] общественный деятель

to defend one's thesis ['9i:sis] защищать диссертацию

degree [di'gri:] of Candidate ['kaendidit] of Science

ученая степень кандидата наук

Doctorate ['doktarit] thesis докторская диссертация

to elect [i'lekt] выбирать, избирать

graduate student ['graedjuit ,stu:dant]

студент-старшекурсник

nuclear weapons Lnjuiklia 'wepanz] ядерное оружие

to suggest [safest] предложить

totally [lauteli] полностью, совершенно

hydrogen bomb ['haidrad3in ,130111] водородная бомба

design [di'zain] конструкция

consequence ['konsikwans] последствие

responsibility [risponsi'bilati] ответственность

to possess [pa'zes] владеть

to attack [a'tsek] нападать, критиковать

democratic [,dema'kraetik] демократический

dogmatism ['dogmatizm] догматизм

champion ['tfaempian] защитник, борец

human ['hju:man] rights права человека

to award [a'wo:d] награждать, присуждать

conscience ['konjans] совесть

mankind [maen'kaind] человечество

authorities [oi'Goratiz] власти

protest ['prautestj протест;

to protest [pa'test] протестовать

to defend [di'fend] защищать

to imprison [im'prizn] заключать в тюрьму

dissident ['disidant] диссидент

repute [itpju:t] репутация

jail [d3eil] тюрьма

intervention [jnta'venjn] насильственное

вмешательство, интервенция

to deprive [di'praiv] of лишать чего-либо

title [taitl] зд. титул, звание

order ['o:da] орден

to exile feksail] ссылать, изгонять

humanist ['hju:manist] гуманист

to inspire [in'spaia] вдохновлять, воодушевлять

to foresee [fo:'si:] (foresaw, foreseen) предвидеть

Questions

1. When was Andrei Sakharov bom?

2. What were his parents?

3. What university did he graduate from? When?

4. What is Sakharov famous for as a scientist?

5. When did he defend his Doctorate thesis?

6. What conclusion did he come to while working on the bomb?

7. When did he take part in his first human rights demonstration?

8. What prize was he awarded?

9. Why was he exiled to Gorky?

10. Who helped him to come back to Moscow?

11. Why is Sakharov known all over the world?

WILL WE LIVE TO SEE THE FIRST CLONED HUMAN?

Films and science fiction books have often played with the idea of reproducing exact copies of people. Today, science fiction has become science fact. We have our first real clones, though they are not human beings — yet!

The gene revolution began in 1997, when British scientists from Edinburgh University produced the first cloned sheep, Dolly. Since then scientists have cloned mice, cows, dogs and pigs.

Cloning animals opens exciting medical possibilities:

- Many people are in need of tissues and organs for transplantation. But it isn't easy to get such organs as, for example, heart, liver or kidneys. Cloning can solve this problem.

— Many animals are on the brink of extinction. Cloning can be used to preserve them.

— Scientists can create animals which produce more milk, meat and wool, or animals which don't catch certain diseases. This can save the lives of starving people.

Cloning is a controversial issue. Some people are ready to eat cloned fruits and vegetables, but many people are against cloning animals. They think it is morally unacceptable. The question of human cloning is even more controversial.

Suppose we cloned a man.

Are we really sure he will be a man? Who will be responsible for him? Who will bring him up? Will he be happy? Will he have the same rights as we have?

What would happen if a dictator, someone like Hitler, cloned himself?

Would we be able to survive?

Nevertheless, the idea of human cloning seems very exciting.

Names

Edinburgh University [,edinbara ^nfvaisiti] Hitler ['hitla] Гитлер

Эдинбургский университет (один из лучших

университетов Великобритании)