Жигальский_Твердотельная электроника
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36
4.5 nOp~OI( BbIDOJIHeHOB paooTbI
4.5.1flony'lllTb YK83aHHH OT npeno,IJ,aBaTeml 0 nOpH,IJ,Ke pa60TbI C 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHOH YCTaHoBKoH.
4.5.203HaKOMHTbCSI C npe,IJ,eJIbHO ,IJ,OnyCTHMbIMH 3HaqeHHHMH
napaMeTpoB HCCJIe,IJ,yeMoro ,IJ,HO,IJ,a H B ,IJ,aJIbHeHlIIeM, npH CHHTHH
BAX, npOBO,IJ,HTh H3MepeHHH TOJIbKO B npe,IJ,eJIax nacnopTHbIx 3Ha qeHHH TOKOB H HanpH:m:eHHH.
4.5.3 CWITh BOJIbT-aMnepHYIO xapaKTepHcTHKy TYHHeJIbHoro ,IJ,HO,IJ,a. flo pe3yJIbTaTaM H3MepeHHH nocTpoHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb TOKa TYHHeJIbHOrO ,IJ,HO,IJ,a OT HanpSI:m:eHHH H onpe,IJ,eJIHTb 3Ha1.feHHH
Vmax,Vmin H lmax.
4.5.4H3 BblpIDKeHHH (4.8) onpe,IJ,eJIHTh 3Ha1.feHHe J.lFn'
4.5.5H3 BbIpIDKeHH5I (4.7) onpe,IJ,eJIHTb 3HaqeHHeEm•
4.5.6BbIqHCJIHTb Bep05lTHOCTb W TYHHeJIHpOBaHHH :meKTpOHOB C 3HeprHeH Em qepe3 p-n nepexo,IJ, no BbIpIDKeHHIO (4.4). BbICOTY nOTeHQHaJIbHOrO 6apbepa UonpHH5ITh PaBHOH Eg-J.lFn, 1= 2 HM.
4.5.7HCnOJIb3YJl q,oPMYJIY (4.10), BbI1.fHCJIHTb KOHll,eHTpall,HIO 3JIeKTPoHoB n 30He npOBO,IJ,HMOCTH nonynpOBO,IJ,HHKa.
4.5.8flo BblpIDKeHHIO (4.11) onpe,IJ,eJIHTb MaKCHMaJIbHbIH TYH HeJlbHbIH TOK H cpaBHHTb ero C 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHhIM 3HaqeHHeM
lmax. flJIOIll,a,IJ,b p-n nepexo,IJ,a S npHH5ITb paBHOH to-3 CM2.
4.5.9 H3 rpa/f>HKa BAX HCCJIe,lJ,yeMoro ,IJ,HO,IJ,a onpe,IJ,eJlHTh cpe,lJ, Hee 3HaqeHHe oTPHu,aTeJIbHOrO ,IJ,Hq,q,epeHu,HaJIhHoro conpOTHBJIe HHHRcp.
4.5.10 flo <poPMYJIe (4.13) BbI1.fHCJIHTb c06cTBeHHYlO npe,IJ,eJIb
H)'lO qaCToTY HCCJIe,lJ,yeMoro TYHHeJIbHOrO ,IJ,HO,IJ,a npH CJIe,lJ,yIOIll,HX napaMeTpax: Cp-n 1,2 n<J); Rs = 10M.
37
5 IIICCJlE,QOBAHIIIE CTATIII4ECKIIIX XAPAKTEPIIICTIIIK
5I11nOJl.RPHOrO TPAH3111CTOPA
5.1 D:eJIb paooTbI
L(eJIblO HaCT05lmeH Jla60paTopHoH pa60Thi SIBJIHeTCH 03HaKOM JIeHHe C npHHll,HnOM pa60Tbi 6HnOJlHpHoro TPaH3HCTopa H HCCJIe,IJ,O Bamie ero CTaTHCTHqeCKHX xapaKTepHcTHK B cxeMe C 06meH 6830H H 06Ill,HM 3MHITepoM.
5.2TeOpeT01.feCKaB 1.faCTb
5.2.1flpHHll,Hn pa60TbI TPaH3HCTopa.
TpaH3HcTOp npe,IJ,CTaBJ151eT C060H nonynpOBO,IJ,HHKOBbIH npH60p, HMelOmHH ,IJ,Ba p-n nepexo,IJ,a, p83,IJ,eJIeHHbIX CJIOeM nOJIynpOBO,IJ,HH
Ka. CTPYKTYpHaSi cxeMa TpaH3HcTopa nma nOKa3aHa Ha PH
cyHKe 5.1. lleBbIH p-n nepexo,IJ, I BKJ1lOqaeTCSI B np5lMOM HanpaBJIe
HHH H H83bIBaeTC5I 3MHITepHbIM. flpaBbIH p-n nepexo,IJ, H II BKJ1IO
LfaIOTCSI B 06paTHoM HanpaBJleHHH H H83bIBaeTCSI KOJIJIeKTOpHbIM. Cpe,IJ,HSlH n- 06JIacTh Ha3bIBaeTC5I 6830H.
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p-n-p TpaH3Hl"Opa (BKJ1IO'Ie |
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HHe c o611le~ 6a:30~) |
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PaCCMOTPHM pa60ry TPaH3HcTopa THna p-n-p. (Pa6OTa TPaH3H |
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cTopa |
n-p-n npHHQHnHaJIbHO HHLfeM He OTJlH'IaeTC5I, KpOMe 3HaKa |
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HOCHTeJIeH 3apH,IJ,a). flOCKOJIbKy 3MHITepHbIH nepexo,IJ, BKJ1IOQeH B np5lMOM HanpaBJIeHHH, TO qepe3 Hero H3 p-06JIaCTH, KOTOPYIO 6Y,IJ,eM H83blBaTb 3MHTTePOM, B 6a3y HH:m:eKTHpYIOTC5I ,IJ,blpKH. TOJlIll,HHa 683bl W,lJ,OJDKHa 6blTb MHoro MeHbIIIe .IVTHHbl ,IJ,H<P<PY3HOHHOro CMe meHH5I ,IJ,bIpOK Lp. B 3TOM CJIyqae OCHOBHaSI QaCTb HH:m:eKTHpOBaH
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HblX ,l(bIpOK He ycneBaeT peKOM6HHHpOBaTb B 6a3e H .n;OXO.n;HT .n;o |
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5.2.2 napaMeTpbl TpaH3HCTopa |
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KonneKTOpHoro nepexo.n;a, KOTOPblH CMelll,eH B 06paTHOM Hanpasne |
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O.n;HHM H3 OCHOBHbIX napaMerpoB, xapaKTepH3YlOIll,HX pa60TY |
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HHH. nOna.n;asI B CHnbHOe |
none KOnneKTOpa, .n;blpKH YXO,lUIT B pTpaH3HcTopa, 5lBmeTC5l K03<pqmUHeHT nepe.n;a4H 3MHTTepHoro TOKa |
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06naCTb 3a KOnneKTOpHbIM |
nepexo.n;OM, KOTOpylO 6y.n;eM Ha3blBaTb |
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(5.1) |
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KonneKTopOM. TaKHM 06Pa30M, .n;bIPOqHbIH TOK KonneKTOpa IpK Mano |
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OTnHqaeTCH OT .n;bIPOqHOro TOKa 3MHTTepa IJn' Ho TaK KaK KonneK |
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TOPHbIH nepexo.n; CMelll,eH B 06paTHOM HarrpaBneHHH, TO ero conpo |
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3TOT napaMeTp MO:JI<HO 3anHcaTb B BH,lJ,e: |
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THBneHHe MHoro 60nblIIe, qeM COnpOTHBneHHe 3MHTTepHOrO nepe |
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(5.2) |
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xo.n;a. no 3TOH rrpHqHHe |
B u,enb KonneKTopa MO:JI<HO BKnlOqHTb |
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a =--. |
._K_ =rPa |
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60nblIIoe conpOTHBneHHe HarpY3KH RH 6e3 CYlll,eCTBeHHoro H3MeHe |
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dIpK |
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HHH TOKa KonneKTOpa. npH 3TOM Manoe H3MeHeHHe HanpSDKeHHjJ B |
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r,lJ,e |
r ""-- 3<p<peKTHBHOCTb 3MHTTepa; |
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u,enH 3MHTTepa BbI30BeT 3HaqHTenbHoe H3MeHeHHe HanpIDKeHHH Ha |
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di) |
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CorrpOTHBJIeHHH RH TO eCTb rpaH3HCTOp 6y.n;eT 06eCneqHBaTb yCHne |
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dlpK |
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HHe no MOIll,HOCTH. |
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P=-- K03cPQmu,HelIT nepeHoca; |
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KpOMe .n;bJpoqHOrO TOKa B rpaH3HCTope TeKYT H 3neKTPOHHble |
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dIp) |
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TOKH. 3T0 3neKTPOHHbIe cocTasnHIOIll,He 3MHTTepHoro In3 H KonneK |
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=-- 3cP<peKTHBHOCTb KOnneKTOpa. |
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TOpHOrO InK nepeXO.n;OB H TOK 3neKrpOHOB, H.n;yIll,HX Ha peKOM6HHa |
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dIpK |
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lI,HlO C .n;blpKaMH, HlDKeKTHpOBaHHbIMH H3 3MHTTepa. 3TH TOKH He |
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yqaCTBYJOT B YCHneHHH BXO.n;HOro CHrHana, HO C03.n;aIOT .n;ononHH |
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5.2.3 CxeMbI BKnlOQeHH5l rpaH3HcTopOB. |
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TenbHoe pacceHHHe MOIll,HOCTH, n03TOMY He06xo.n;HMO CHIDKaTb 3TH |
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CYlll,eCTBYlOT TpH cxeMbl |
BKnlOl.feHH5l 6HnonjJpHoro TpaH3HcTo |
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COCTaBnHlOIll,He. ,L{.rnI YMeHblIIeHHH 3neKTpOHHOH COCTaBnHlOlll,eH |
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pa: C 061ll,eH 6a30H, 06mHM 3MHTTepoM H 061ll,HM KOJIJIeKTopoM. |
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3MHTTepHoro TOKa He06xo.n;HMO, qr06bI KOHu,eHrpau,HH OCHOBHblX |
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PaccMoTpHM ,lJ,Be nepBbIe cxeMbI, KaK npe,lJ,CTaBJI5lIOIll,He HaH60JIb |
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HOCHTeneH B.3MHTTepe P3 6bma 3HaqHTenbHO 60nblIIe KOHueHrpaUHH |
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lilHH HHTepec. Bce COOTHOlIIeHHH, nonyI.JeHHbIe BbllIIe, cnpase)J,JIHBbI |
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OCHOBHhIX HOCHTeneH B 6a3e nr,. 3T0 ycnoBHe 06blQHO BbIllOnH5leTCjJ |
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.n:m cxeMbl C 06meH 6a30H (OB), nOKa3aHHOH Ha pHcyHKe 5.2 a. B |
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Ha npaKTHKe. PeKOM6HHau,HOHHasI COCTaBmlIOlll,asI 3neKTPOHHoro |
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TOKa B 6a3e YMeHblIIaeTCH 3a CI.JeT YCHneHHH HepaBeHCTBa W<<Lp. |
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3neKTPOHHasI COCTaBnHlOlll,aH TOKa KOnneKTOpa InK npe.n;CTaBnlleT |
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C060H TOK HaCbllll,eHHH 06paTHO CMelll,eHHOrO KOnneKTOpHOrO nepe |
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xo.n;a H .n;OCTaTOI.JHO Marra no cpaBHeHHlO C .n;blPOQHOH COCTaBn5llO |
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lll,eH TOKa KonneKTOpa IpK, |
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PHC.5 ,2 CxeMhI BKmoqeHHSI p-n-p TpaH3MCTOpOB: |
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C o6~eH 6a30H; 6 - |
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cxeMe C 06IIJ,UM 3MlfITepOM, rrOKa3aHHOH Ha pucYHKe 5.2 6, BXO)J, HhIM gBJUlerCg TOK 6a3bI, a BbIXO)J,HhIM - TOK KOJIJIeKTOpa. II03ToMY K03IPIPUQueHT rrepe)J,aqu TOKa 6a3bI
B = d1K |
(5.3) |
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YqUTbIBM, qTO Ir,=13-1K' U3 IPOPMYJIbI (5.3) rronyqUM |
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(5.4) |
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r)J,e a- K03IPIPuQueHT rrepe)J,aqu TOKa 3MUTTepa B cxeMe C 06IIJ,eH 6a30H. TaK KaK a 6JIU30K K e)J,UHUQe, TO ~» 1.
5.2.4 CTaTUqeCKHe xapaKTepUCTUKH TPaH3UCTopa
CTaTUqeCKUe xapaKTepUCTUKH TPaH3ucTopa B cxeMe C 06IIJ,eH
6a30H rrOKa3aHbI Ha pucYHKe 5.3.
06IIJ,UH BU)], BXO)J,HbIX BOJIbT-aMrrepHbIX xapaKTepUCTUK orrpe)J,e JIgercg 3MuTTepHbiM HarrpIDKeHueM U UMeer BU)], 3KCrrOHeHT. CMe
IIJ,eHUe xapaKTepUCTUK BJIeBO rrpu VK<O CBg3aHO C YMeHbIIIeHueM
TOJIIIJ,UHbl 6a3bI U3-3a YBeJIUqeHUg IIIUPUHbl 06JIaCTU rrpOCTpaHCT-
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PHc.S.3 - CTanf'leCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH 6HIIOJUlPHOro TPaH3HCTOpa B cxeMe
C 061I\eH 6a30H: a - BXO.L\HbIe; 6 - BbIXO,l:lHhle (131 ) 132> 133 )
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BeHHom 3apg)J,a KOJIJIeKTOpHoro rrepexo)J,a. fIpu rrOCTOSlHHOM Ha rrp.Sl)l(eHUU Ha 3MUTTepe C YBeJIUqeHUeM VK<O paCTeT rpa,LJ,ueHT KOH QeHTpaQuu UH)I(eKTUpOBaHHblX HOCUTeJIeH, a CJIe)J,OBaTeJIbHO yBeJIU qUBaeTCg TOK 3MUTTepa. TOK 3MlfITepa 13 6Y)J,eT OTJIUqeH OT UYJIg rrpu VK<O, )J,a)I(e eCJIU V3=0. 3TO rrpoUCXO)J,UT rrOTOMY, qTO rrpu V3=0
KOHQeHTPaQUg )J,blpOK B6JIU3U 3MlfITepa p(O)=Pm a Y KOJIJIeKTOpa paBHa uymo, T.e. dp/dx:j::.O, a 3HaqUT U 1,#0.
Bu)J, BbIXO)J,HbIX xapaKTepUCTUK aHaJIOrUqeH 06paTHoH BerBU BOJIbT-aMrrepHoH xapaKTepucTuKU )J,uo)J,a. CMeIIJ,eHue xapaKTepu CTUK BBepx CBSl3aHO C YBeJIUqeHUeM ypOBHg UH)I(eKQUU HeOCHOBHblX HOCUTeJlerr C POCTOM HarrpSl)l(eHUg V3 • TOK KOJIJIeKTOpa OTJIUqeH OT UYJIg U rrpu VK=O, eCJIU V3#0. 3T0 06'bgCHgeTCg TeM, QTO B6JIU3U 3MuTTepa KOHQeHTpaQug HeOCHOBHblX HOCUTeJIeH paBHa
Pnexp(qVjkT), a B6JIU3U KOJIJIeKTOpa paBHa Pn CJIe)J,OBaTeJIbHO,
dp/dx:j:.O, a BHaqUT U 1~0.
BOJIbT-aMrrepHble xapaKTepucTuKU TpaH3ucTopa B cxeMe C 06 IIJ,UM 3MUTTepOM rrOKa3aHbI Ha pucYHKe 5.4. CMeIIJ,eHUe BXO)J,HbIX xapaKTepUCTUK BrrpaBo rrpu VK<O CBg3aHO C YMeHbIIIeHueM TOJIIIJ,U Hbl 6a3bl C POCTOM VK 3a CqeT pOCTa llIUPUHbI CJIOg 06'beMHOrO 3apg
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PHc.SA - CTaTH'leCKHe xapaKTepHcTHKH 6HIIOJUlPHOro TPaH3HCTOpa B cxeMe C 061I\HM 3MHTTepoM: a - BXO,l:lHble; 6 - BbIXO,l:lHble (lEI> IE2> IE3)
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,na Ko.JlJleKTOpHo.ro nepeXo.,na. ITPH 3To.M YBeJIHtlHBaerCR To.K 3MHT Tepa H Ko.JIJIeKTo.pa H CHIDKaerCR YPo.BeHh peKo.M6HHau,HH Heo.CHo.B HhIX Ho.CHTeJIeH B 68.3e. KmmeHTpall,IDI Heo.CHo.BHhIX Ho.CHTeJIeH B6JIH3H Ko.JIJIeKTOpa paBHa H)'JIIO, a paBHOBeCHhIe 3JIeKTPo.HhI BhIXo.
,nRT lJepe3 68.3Y, Co.3,naBruI o.TPHll,aTeJIbHhlH To.K Is.
BbIXo.,nHbIe XapaKTepHCTHKH HMeIOT 6o.JIhIllHH HaKJIo.H, lJeM B cxeMe C o.6IU,eH 68.3o.H. 3To. npo.HCXo.,nHT B CBR3H C YMeHbIlleHHeM
To.JIIU,HHbJ 68.3bI H Po.CTaM CMeIU,eHHe BbIXo.,nHbIX xapaK
TePHCTHK BBepx npo.HCXo.,nRT H3-3a YBeJIHlJeHHSI To.Ka 3MHTTepa npH YBeJIHlJeHHH TOKa 68.3bI npH no.CTOSlHHo.M Hanp}I)KeHHH Ha Ko.JIJIeKTO pe. ITPH HyJIeBo.M HanpR)({eHHH Ha Ko.JIJIeKTo.pe To.K Heo.CHo.BHbIX Ho. CHTeJIeH lJepe3 3MHTTep Ko.MneHcHpyerC.SI To.Ko.M o.CHo.BHbIX Ho.CHTe JIeH lJepe3 Ko.JIJIeKTo.P. ITo. Mepe YBeJIHlJeHIDI Hanp.sI)KeHIDI Ha Ko.JI JIeKTOpe YMeHbIllaerClI nOTo.K o.CHo.BHbIX Ho.CHTeJIeH H3 Ko.JIJIeKTo.pa B 68.3Y H YBeJIHlJHBaerClI To.K Ho.CHTeJIeH B KOJIJIeKTo.P, lITO. H npHBo.,nHT K Po.CTY Ko.JIJIeKTo.PHo.ro To.Ka IK'
5.3 3KcncpHMCHTaJ1bHaa YCTaHoBKa
ITpHHll,HnHaJIhHruI cxeMa H3MepHTeJIbHo.H YCTaHo.BKH no.K8.3aHa Ha pHcYHKe 5.5. CxeMa no.3Bo.JIlIer CHHMaTb CTaTHlJeCKHe BXo.,nHbIe H BbIXo.,nHhIe XapaKTepHCTHKH TpaH3HCTOpa B cxeMax C o.6IU,eH 68.3o.H H 06IU,HM 3MHTTePOM. BXo.,nHo.e Hanpll)({eHHe o.T HcrolJHHKa nHTaHHS! E
I lJepe3 ,neJIHTeJIh RI H nepeKJIJOlJaTeJIh SI-S5 no,naeTC.SI Ha BXO,n TPaH3HCTo.pa 3MHTTep-68.3a. ITpH nOJIO)({eHHH SI-S5 B TOlJKe 1
TPH3HCTOP BKJIJOlJaeTC.sI B cxeMY C o.6BeH 68.30H, B To.lJKe 2 - B cxeMY C 06IIlHM 3MHTTepoM. BbIXo.,nHruI (Ko.JIJIeKTOpHruI) u,em, nHTaercS! OT HCTOlJHHKa lJepeB ,neJIHTeJIb R2.
5.43a,naHHc Ha pa60ry
5.4.103HaKo.MHThClI C YCrpDHCTBOM H npHHUHnoM pa60TbI TPaH3HCTo.pa.
43
R3
+0_--.,
E1
2
+0---..,
E2
PHc.5.5 -- npHHIl,HIIHaJ1hHWl cxeMa YCTaHOBKH llM HCCJIellOBaHIDI
6HnOJI.IIpHOrO TPaH3HCTOpa
5.4.203HaKoMHTbClI C npHHll,HnHaJIbHo.H CXeMo.H H3MepHTeJIb Ho.H YCTaHOBKH.
5.4.3B cxeMe C 06Ill,eH 68.3o.H CH.sITb Bxo,nHbIe 13 =j{V3£)IVK~onst H Bblxo,nHble IK=j{ VKE)lh=const xapaKTepHCTHKH.
5.4.4B cxeMe C 06IU,HM 3MHTTepoM CH.sITb BXo.,nHbIe 1E=j{V3E)lvK= const H BbIXo.,nHble If(,=j{ V3K)I16=cO/lS1 XapaKTepHcTHKH.
5.4.5ITo. BbIXO,nHbIM XapaKTepHCTHKaM B cxeMe C OE onpe,ne
JIHTb K03cpcpHUHeHT (1.
5.4.5ITo. H3BeCTHo.MY Ko.3CPCPHll,HeHTY (1 Teo.perHlJecKH o.npe,ne JIHTb K03CPCPHu,HeHT B.
5.4.6ITo BbIXo.,nHbIM xapaKTepHcTHKaM B cxeMe C 03 o.npe,ne JIHTb Ko.3cpcpHll,HeHT B H cpaBHHTb ero 3HalJeHHe C Teo.perHlJeCKH paCC\.fHTaHHbJM.
44
5.5 llOPB,IJ,OK BblDOJIOeOHH pa60Tbi
5.5.1I10.rryqHTb YKa3aHHH OT npenO.ll.aBaTeJIH 0 nOplI.ll.Ke pa60TbI C 3KcnepHMeHTallbHOH YCTaHoBKoH.
5.5.2Q3HaKoMHTbCH C npe.ll.eJIbHO .Il.OnYCTHMblMH 3HaqeHHHMH napaMerpoB HCCJIe.ll.yeMoro rpaH3HCTopa H B .Il.aJIbHeHllIeM, npH CHHTHH CTaTHqeCKHX xapaKTepHCTHK, npOBO.ll.HTb H3MepeHHH TOJIbKO B npe.ll.eJIax nacnopTHbIX 3HaqeHHH TOKOB 101 HanpIDKeHHH. KaTero pHqeCKH 3anpem;aercSl npeBbIllIaTb npe.ll.eJIbHble 3HaqeHHSl nacnopr HbIX .Il.aHHhlX rpaH3HCTopa.
5.5.3BbInOJIHHTb Heo6xo.ll.HMble H3MepeHHJI cornaCHO n. 5.4.3 H
n.5.4.4.
5.5.4ECJIH B npollecce H3MepeHHH OKWKeTC", 'ITO HeKOTOpble 3KCnepHMeHTaJIbHbie T04KH BbIn~a}()T H3 rpa.pHKa, TO B 3THX MeC
Tax Heo6XO.ll.HMO npOBeCTH .Il.OnOJIHHTeJIbHble H3MepeHHJI. ,LVIH no CrpOeHHSl O.ll.HOH KPHBOH Heo6xo.ll.HMO CHUb 8-10 TOqeK.
6 onPEAEllEHHE nAPAMETPOB 6HnOll.RPHOrO TPAH3HCTOPA
6.1 D;eJIb pa60Tbi
HCCJIe.ll.OBaTb 6HnOJIJlpHbIH rpaH3HcTop B aKTHBHOM peJKHMe.
Qnpe.ll.eJIHTb K03.p$HIIHeHTbl nepe.ll.aqH, .Il.H$.pY3HoHHbIe conpoTHB JIeHHSl H MaJIOCHrHaJIbHble h-napaMerpbl ,Il.JIH cxeM BKJIlO4eHBSI C 06mHM 3MHTTepOM (0.3) H o6u.eH 6a30H
6.2 TeOpeTHqeCKaH qaCTb
6.2.1 I1pHHIIHn .Il.eHCTBHSl H OCHOBHble napaMerpbI (Ha npHMepe
TPaH3HCTOpa p-n-p THna).
TpaH3HCTop |
3TO npH6op, KOTOPblH pa60Taer Ha OCHOBe .Il.Byx |
p-n nepeXO.ll.OB. B |
aKTHBHOM pe)KHMe 3MHTI'epHbIH nepexo.ll. BKJIlO |
qeH B np"MOM HanpaBJIeHHH 101 HH)l(eKTHpyer HeOCHOBHble HOCHTeJIH
45
(.Il.b1pKH) B 6a3y rpaH3HCTopa. KOJIJIeKTOpHbIH nepeXO.ll. BKJIlOqeH B 06paTHOM HanpaBJIeHHH. I1PH OTKJIlOI.JeHHOM 3MHTTepe TOK KOJIJIeK Topa paBeH TOKY HaCbIm;eHBSI 06paTHOCMemeHHoro p-n nepeXO.ll.a. ECJIH 3MHTI'ep BKJIlOI.JeH B nplIMOM HanpaBJIeHHH, TO HH)I(eKTHpO BaHHMe 101M .Il.h!PKH YBeJIHqHBaJOT TOK KOJIJIeKTopa.LIaCTb .Il.b1POK pe KOM6HHHpyer B 6a3e. I103TOMY .Il.JIH YMeHbllIeHHSl 3THX nOTepb llIH pHHa 6a3bl W.Il.OJI)l(Ha 6bITb MaJIa no CpaBHeHHlO C ,Il.JIHHOH .Il.H.p.py 3HOHHoro CMemeHHSl Lpo TOK KOJIJIeKTOpa COCTOHT 1013 TOKa HeOCHOB HblX HOCHTeJIeH, HH)KeKTHpOBaHHbIX B 6a3Y, TOKa JIaBHHHOro yMHO )KeHHJI B p-n nepeXO.ll.e, TOKa TeflJIOBOH reHepaIIHH H TOKa HaCbIm;e HBSI. TOK 3MHTTepa CKJIa.ll.bIBaeTC" H3 TOKa .Il.blpoK, HH)I(eKTHpOBaH HblX B 6a3Y, H TOKa 3JIeKTpOHOB, HH)I(eKTHpOBaHHhlX B 3MHTI'ep. C
Y4erOM 3Toro YCHJIHTeJIbHble CBOHCTBa rpaH3HCTopa, BKJIlOqeHHOro no cxeMe C 06meH 6a30H, xapaKTepH3YK>TCII K03.p$HIIHeHTOM nepe
.Il.aqH TOKa 3MHTI'epa h 2lI" paBHOrO OTHorneHHlO nOJIHOfO H3MeHeHH" TOKa KOJIJIeKTOpa K nOJIHOMY H3MeHeHHlO TOKa 3MHTI'epa
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h2Ili a *rP, |
(6.1) |
f.ll.e r |
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Ip3 |
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-3.p.peKTHBHOCTb 3MHTI'epa; |
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Ip3+ I n') |
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P= |
K03.p.pHIIHeHT nepeHoca; |
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Ip3 |
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a |
* |
I |
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_K_ - 3.p.peKTHBHOCTb KOJIJIeKTopa. |
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IpK
3.p.peKTHBHOCTb 3MHTI'epa. 3rOT napaMerp onpe.ll.eJI"er qaCTb TOKaqepe3 3MHTTepHblH nepeXO.ll. p-n nepexo.ll., cOOTBeTCTBYlOID;ylO HH)KeKLI,HH .Il.blPOK B 6a3Y, KOTOpag "BJIllerCH nOJIe3HOH ,Il.JIJI pa60TbI rpaH3HCTopa. KaK CJIe.n:yeT H3 .pOpMyJIbl (6.1), ,Il.JlJI BblCOKOH 3.p.peK THBHOCTH 3MHTTepa Heo6xo.ll.HMO, qTo6bl Ip3» In3 • 3ro .Il.OCTHfaerCH C03.1l.aHHeM HeCHMMeTpHI.JHOfO p-n nepexo.ll.a, )])lll KOTOPOfO P3»nE,
nE _. KOHLI,eHrpaIIHH OCHOBHbIX HOCHTeJIeH B 3MHTI'epe H 6a
46
3e COOTBeTCTBeHHO. B <nOM cnyqae Im«lp3 H, cne.L1,OBaTeJIbHO, 3CP cpeKTHBHOCTb 3MHlTepa 6JIH3Ka K e.L1,HHHQe.
K03cpcpHQHeHT nepeHoca. 31'0 maBHbIH napaMeTP TPaH3HCTOPa, onpe.L1,emnOlll;HH KaqeCTBO ero pa6OTbI. ComaCHO onpe.L1,eJIeHHIO OH paBeH OTHOllleHHIO .L1,bIPOqHOH COCTaBJI.HIOllI;eH TOKa KOJ1J1eKTOpa K
.L1,bIPOqHOH COCTaBJI.HlOllI;eH TOKa 3MHTTepa
fJ [pI\. |
=1-..!:.(~J2 |
(6.2) |
1p'J |
2 Lp |
|
31'HM K03cpcpHQHeHTOM yqHTbIBaeTC.H YMeHbllleHHe KOHQeHTPaQHH
.L1,blpoK B 06beMe 6a3bl npH HX .L1,BH:>KeHHH OT 3MHTIepa K KOJ1J1eKTopy 3a CqeT peKOM6HHaQHH. (B peaJIbHbIX IIpH60pax peKOM6HHaLl,H.H H.L1,eT He TOJIbKO B 06beMe, HO H Ha nOBepXHOCTH, n03ToMY cpopMYJIa
(6.2) .L1,aeT HeCKOJIbKO 3aBbIllleHHoe 3Ha4eHHe ~).
3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb KOJIJIeKTOpa. 3TOT napaMel'p onpe.L1,eJ1.HeTCSI KaK OTHoweHHe nOJ1HOrO TOKa KOJIJIeKTOpa K .L1,bIP04HOMY
(6.3)
h216 =1_..!:.(~)2 |
(6.4) |
2 Lp |
|
3aBHCHMOCTb h21J:; OT TOKa 3MHTIepa. I1PH MaJIhlX TOKax 3MHT Tepa 13 3Ha4HTeJIbHa.H qaCTb HH:>KeKTHpOBaHHbIX HOCHTeJIeH peKOM 6HHHPyeT B 06JIaCTH 3MHlTepHoro nepeXO.L1,a. C POCTOM 1p3 HH:>KeK QHOHHa.H COCTaBJ1.HlOllI;aSl [exp(qV'J hcT)] paCTeT 6bICTpee peKOM6H HaQHOHHOH [exp(qV'J 12KT)] H hm:; YBemf'mBaeTCSI. BMeCTe C 3THM,
C pOCTOM 3MHTrepHoro TOKa .L1,b1pOK qepe3 BblBO.L1, 6a3hl BXO.L1,UT TaKoe :>Ke qHCJIO 3JIeK1'pOHOB .L1,J1.H coxpaHeHH.H 3JIeKTpOHeH~bHOCTU.
47
Pacnpe.L1,eJIeHHe 3J1eKTpOHOB B 6a3e nOBTOp.HeT pacnpe.L1,eJIeHHe .L1,bI POK, HO OHU He MOryT, B OTJIHqHe 01' .L1,blPOK, .L1,HCPCPYH.LJ.upOBaTb K KOJIJ1eKTOpy. 110 TIOH npUqHHe B 6a3e B03HHKaeT 3J1eKTpHqeCKOe nOJIe, YCKOp.HIOllI;ee .L1,BH:>KeHHe .L1,bIpOK K KOJ1J1eKTOPY. I1PH 3TOM
YMeHblllaeTC.H CKOPOCTh peKOM6HHalUiu, TO eCTh YBeJIHqHBaeTC.H
h21E.
I1PH 60JIee BblCOKHX 3HaqeHU.HX [3 CHJIbHO YBeJIH'IHBaeTC.H KOH QeH1'paQH.H 3J1eKTpOHOB B 6a3e H HaQHHaeTC.H HX HIDKeKlUi.H B 3MHT Tep, T.e. Y YMeHblllaeTC.H. BCJIe.L1,CTBHe TIHX IIpHQHH 3aBHCHMOCTb
h21E(l.J) .L1,OJ1:>KHa HMeTb MaKcHMYM.
6.2.2 3JIeMeHTbl 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH cxeMbl 1'paH3HcTOpa COnpOTHBJ1eHHe 3MHTIepHOrO nepeXO.L1,a onpe.L1,eJ1.HeTc.H KaK
_dV'J1 |
. |
(6.5) |
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r:}- |
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d1'J |
VK=const |
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I1PH BbInOJIHeHHI1 YCJIOBHH W«Lp H IVKI»kTlq MO:>KHO 3anHcaTb
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r'J =kTlq1':). |
(6.6) |
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ConpOTUBJIeHHe KOJ1JIeKTOpa: |
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r, |
dVI\. = (I |
dh216 J-1 |
(6.7) |
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d[ |
:} |
dV, |
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I\. |
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ConpOTHBJIeHHe 6a3bl COCTOHT H3 .L1,BYX CJIaraeMblX: aKTHBHOrO rEO U .L1,HCPCPY3HOHHoro rED COnpOTHBJ1eHH.H
r |
+r |
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)],HCPCPY3HOHHoe COnpOTlfBJIeHUe 06YCJIOBJIeHO H3MeHeHHeM KOH QeH1'paQIDI HeOCHOBHblX HOCHTeJ1eH B 6a3e npH H3MeHeHHI1 Hanp.H :>KeHH.H KOJ1J1eKTopa. C POCTOM VK YMeHblllaeTC.H pa3Mep 6a3bl W. Ec JIU TOK 3MHTTepa 1)=const, TO C POCTOM VK YMeHblllaeTC.H Hanp}l:>Ke HHe 3MuTTepa V)' QTO 3KBI1BaneHTHO nO.HBJIeHHlO .L1,OnOJ1HUTeJ1bHOrO cOnpOTHBJ1eHH}I 6a3bl. TaKHM 06pa30M
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48 |
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kT |
1 |
r:) |
(6.8) |
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AKTHBHIDI COCTaBJUlJOllI,aJf COnpOTHBJIeHHJf rEO onpe,neJIJfeTCH
KOHKPCTHOH KOHCrpYKlI.HeH npH60pa.
K03<p<pHlI.HeHT nepe,nal.{H TOKa 683bI. K03<P<P1111.I1eHT nepe,nal.{H
TOKa 3MI1TTepa h21E onpe,nemleT YCHJII1TeJIbHble CBOHCTBa rpaH311 CTopa npH BKJIJOl.{eHI1H ero no cxeMe C 06ll1,eH 6830H. B 3TOM CJIyqae BXO,nHOH SJB1lSJeTCSJ lI.enb 3MI1TTepa. IIpl1 BKJIJOl.{eHHH rpaH3HCTopa no cxeMe C 06ll1,I1M 3MHTTepOM BXO,nHOH 6y,nCT lI.enb 683bI 11, CJIe,nOBa TeJIbHO, pa6my rpaH3HCTopa 6y,neT onpe,neJIJfTb K03<P<Pl1l1.HeHT ne pe,nattH TOKa 683bI
M K |
h21E |
(6.9) |
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h2b ME |
1 h216 |
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6.2.3 MaJIOCHrHaJIbHble napaMCTpbl
TpaH3HCTOp npH pa60Te Ha MaJIblX nepeMeHHblx CHrHaJIax MO)K
HO npe,nCTaBHTb 3KBHBaJIeHTHOH cxeMOH JII1HeHHoro ttCTblpexno JIJOCHHKa, pa60Ta KOToporo xapaKTepH3yeTcH CI1CTeMOH MaJIOCHr HaJIbHblX napaMCTpoB. IIpl1 paCl.{CTaX TpaH3HcToPOB qaIIJ.e ,npyrl1x I1CnOJIb3YIOTCH CI1CTeMbI z-, Y-, H h- napaMerpoB. TIpe,ncTaBI1M rpaH 3HCTOP B BH,ne T -06P83HOH 3KBI1BaJIeHTHOH cxeMbI C aKTI1BHbIM re HepaTopoM, HMeJOIIJ.HM BHYrpeHHee conpOTHBJIeHHe rm, KaK nOK83a HO Ha pHcYHKe 6.1.
,IVISJ nOH cxeMbI MO)KHO HanHcaTb cHCTeMY ypaBHeHHH
V:)b == h + 'ii)I" + 'i/I(
VKli |
(rE + rm}!" + h +'ii)IK , |
r,ne I, - |
TOK 3MHTTepa; |
IK |
TOK KOJIJIeKTOpa; |
r) - |
COnpOTI1BJIeHHe 3MHTTepa; |
49
rE - conpOTHBJIeHHe 683bI.
HanpR)KeHl1e IJrm XapaKTepH3YCT YCHJIHTeJIbHble CBoHcTBa rpaH3H
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PHc.6.1 - T-06pa:3HllJ{ 3KBHBarreHTHllJ{ cxeMa TPaH3HCTopa, BKnlO'leHHOrO no cxeMe c o6meH 6a30H
CTopa.
'11 == r,,'ii
'12 = 'ii
r21 =='b +rm
r22 rl( + 'ii.
ECJII1 113BeCTHbI napaMeTpbI O,nHOH CHCTeMbI, TO MO)KHO BblttHC JII1Tb napaMeTpbI 1lJ060H ,npyroH CI1CTeMbI. CJIe,nOBaTeJIbHO, onpe,ne
JIHB 3KcnepHMeHTaJIbHO conpoTl1BJIeHHR re;, 'K, IE H K03<P<pHlI.HeHT nepe,naql1 h21E (MH h2b), HaXO,nHM MaJIOCl1rHaJIbHble h- napaMeTpbI. ,IVISJ 3TOrO HY)KHO BOCnOJIb30BaTbCR Ta6JIHlI.eH <P0PMYJI.
Ta6JIHlI.a <P0PMYJI MJf paCqeTa h-napaMerpOB
------ |
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h - napa |
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B CXeMe C OOIIJ.el1 083011 |
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B CXeMe C 06IIJ.HM |
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r3 + 'ii(1=h2U;) |
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rl((1-lh21E )I--------l |
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h21 |
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rm |
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h22 |
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I1pHMel.J.aHHe - |
<poPMYnbI, npHBe,lJ,eHHbIe B Ta6JlHlle, COOTBeTCT |
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6.43a,LJ,aHHe Ha paool)'
6.4.1CWITb 3aBHCHMOCTb K03<p<pHUHeHTa nepe,lJ,al.J.H (1 +h2b) OT
/, npH VK=const onpe,lJ,eJlHTb TOK 3MHTTepa /, max, COOTBeTcTBYfOI.lI;HH MaKCHMaJJbHOMY 3Hal.J.eHHIO 1+h2h npH 3a,lJ,aHHOM 3HaqeHHH
CTpoHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb h2b =j{I). Bbll.J.HCJlHTb K03<P<PHllHeHT nepe,lJ,a l.J.H TOKa 3MHTTepa hm ;, COOTBeTCTBYfOI.lI;HH MaKcHMaJJbHOMY 3Hal.J.e
HHfO (1 +h2h)' |
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6.4.2 CHaTb 3aBHCHMOCTb (1+h213) OT V)i'. npH |
/, max' I1cnOJlb |
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3Y» <P0PMYJlY |
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h213 |
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'213 |
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nOCTpOHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb h21li = j{VK ). I1YTeM rpa<pHl.J.eCKoro .l1.H<p<pe
peHllHpOBaHHH onpe,lJ,eJJHTb npOH3BO,lJ,HYIO dh21TJdVr< H Bbll.J.HCJlHTb ConpOTHBJleHHe KOJlJleKTOpa
1': (/ |
dh2lE )-1 |
K |
3max dV, |
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K |
6.4.3 PaCCl.J.HTaTh conpOTHBJleHHe 3MHTrepa rJ H 6a3bI rli (M» TOKa 3MHTTepa /J= /J max) H conpOTHBneHHe 3KBHBaJIeHTHOro reHepa TOparm•
6.4.4 Bbll.J.HCJlHTb MaJJOCHrHaJJbHbIe h napaMeTpbI MSl cxeM C
0£H03.
51
6.5 IIOPH,lI;OK BblDOJIHeHBH paooTbl
6.5.1 110,ll;roTOBKa K pa60Te H3MepHTemi JI2-42
1)nepe,ll; BKJUOl.J.eHHeM npH60pa B CeTb He06xo,ll;HMO 03HaKO MHTbC.H C TeXHHl.J.ecKHM onHcaHHeM H KOHCTPYKUHeH npH60pa;
2)ryM6nep «CETh» YCTaHOBHTb B HIDKHee nonO)J(eHHe H npo BepHTb 3aI.ll;HTHOe 3a3eMneHHe npH60pa;
3)Bce nepeKJIfOl.J.aTenH H PYl.J.KH YCTaHoBKH pe)KHMOB nOCTaBHTb B KpaHHee neBoe nOnO)KeHHe, a Bce nepeKJIfOl.J.aTenH BbI60pa npe,ll;e nOB H3MepeHH.H - B KpaHHee npaBoe nonO)J(eHHe;
4)BKJIfOl.J.HTb Ka6enb nHTaHHSi B CeTb, BKJIfOl.J.HTb ryM6nep «CETb» H npOrpeTb npH60p B Tel.J.eHHe 10 MHH;
5)YCTaHOBHTb nepeKJIIOl.J.aTeJJb n-p-n - p-n-p B nOnO)KeHHe, co oTBeTcTByIOlI.\ee H3Mep.SleMOMY TPaH3HcTopy;
6)OTKpblTb KpbHIlKY 6noKHpoBKH Ha nynbTe. Y CTaHOBHTh MH TenbHOCTb HMnynbcoB KOJIJIeKTOpHoro (3MHTTepHoro) TOKa npH no MOI.ll;H nepeKJIfOl.J.aTen.H (JlS) (,lJ,JI.H KopnycHblX TPaH3HcTOpOB peKo MeH,LJ,yeTC.H MHTenbHOCTb HMnyJlbCOB 100-500 MKC).
6.5.2113MepeHHe napaMeTpOB TPaH3HCTOpa
1)OTKpbITb KphnnKY 6JlOKHPOBKH nynbTa H BCTaBHTb Hcnhlrye MblH TpaH3HCTOp (11210 A,B THna p-n-p);
2)Ha)J(aTb KHonKY «h21E+ 1». YCTaHOBHTb HanpIDKeHHe KOJlJleK-
Topa VK=lOB H TOK =0,2 A, nOJIb3Y.HCb nepeKJIfOl.J.aTeJJ.HMH H pe 3HCTOpaMH h(A) H VCB(V), YKa3aHHbIMH CBeTOBOH HH,lJ,HKallHeH;
IE» H pe3HCTopOM «h21E+1; IE»
CTpenKY npH60pa <<1B; h2IE+b) YCTaHOBHTb Ha KOHell IlIKaJlbI (OTMeT
Ka |
1 Ha HH)J(HeH IlIKaJle npH60pa) H OTnyCTHTh KHonKY; |
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4) no HH)KHeH IlIKaJJe npH60pa <<1B; h 21E+ 1» OTCl.J.HTaTb 3HaqeHHe |
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1+ |
h 21E • ECJlH cTPeJIKa npH60pa |
HaxO,lJ,HTC.H He pa60QeM YQaCTKe |
IlIKaJlbl, Bbl6paTb HY)KHbIH npe,lJ,eJI |
nepeKJIIOl.J.aTeJIeM «h2IE+ b); |
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52
5) H3MeHluIIE B HHTepBaJIe 0,2 - 1 A C ruaroM 0,1 A, CHllTb 3a
BHCHMOCTb 1+ h21E OT IE npH VK=lOB. Onpe)J.enHTh 13 max.
6) YCTaHOBHTh l Emax• CH)!Th 3aBHCHMOCTb 1+ h21E OT VK B
)J.HalIa30He VI<= 10=40 B C ruaroM 5 B. IIoCTpoHTb 3aBHCHMOCTb h21'B
OT VK, onpe)J,eJlHTb npOH3BO)J,HYIO dh210ldVK H paCC"IHTaTb conpOTHB JleHHe KOJlJleKTOpa npH 13= 13 max;
7) Hcnonb3ya Q>OPMYJlbl (6.6) H (6.8), paCC"IHTaTb COnpOTHBJle HHe 3MHTTepa H )J,HQ>Q>Y3HOHHYIO COCTaBAAIO~1O conpOTHBJleHHa
6a3hI TpaH3HCTopa;
8) nOJlb3yach <popMYJlaMH Ta6JlHQbl, onpe)J,eJlHTb MaJlOCHrHaJIb HhIe h- napaMeTPbl )J)Ia BKJlIO"IeHHa TPaH3HcTopa no cxeMe C 06 H 03. Pe3YJlbTaTbI npe)J.cTaBHTh B BH)J,e Ta6nHQbl.
7 HCCn~OBAHHE XAPAKTEPHCTHK nOnEBOrO
TPAH3HCTOPA C ynPABnflKlLUHM p-n nEPEXOAOM
7.1 D;eJlb pafioTbl
I1ccne)J,oBaTh Q>H3If"leCKHe npoQecCbl, Jle)l{alQHe B OCHOBe pa60 Tbl IIpH60pa. 113yqHTb BXO)J,Hble If BblXO)J,Hble xapaKTepHCTHKH H C)J,eJlaTh KOJlHqeCTBeHHYIO OQeHKY napaMeTPOB TpaH3HCTopa.
7.2 TeOpeTH"IeCKaH "IaCTb
IIoneBoH TPaH3HcTop C ynpaBAAlOlQHM p-n nepexo)J,oM OTHOCHT ca K KJlaccy YHHnOJlapHbIX npH60poB, pa60TalOIQHX Ha OCHOBHhIX HOCHTeJlax. ,ll,eiicTBHe :noro npH60pa OCHOBaHO Ha 3Q>Q>eKTe MO)),y JlaQHH nOnepeqHOrO CeqeHHH npoBo)J,alQero KaHaJIa, B 06'beMe no nynpOBO)J,HHKa, 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHH BHelIIHHM Hanpa)l{eHHeM ruHPH HbI 06JlaCTH npocTPaHcTBeHHoro 3apjl)J.a p-n nepexo)J,a.
IIocKonhKY B o6nacTH p-n nepexo)J,a npoHcxo)J,HT CMeHa THna npOBO)J,HMOCTH, TO 3TO 03HaqaeT, 'ITO B 06JlaCTH npOCTPaHCTBeHHoro 3ap)!)J.a npOBO)J,HMOCTb MHHHMaJlhHag, TaK KaK KOHHeHTPaQIf)! CBO
53
60)J,HbIX HOCHTeJleM 6nH3Ka K c06CTBeHHoM. TI03TOMY, ecnH K p-n nepexo)),y npHKJla,u,bIBaeTCjI BHeruHee Hanpj()l{eHHe V, TO ero OCHOB Hag qaCTh na,u,aeT Ha 06naCTH npOCTPaHCTBeHHoro 3apjl)J,a. CYMMH pyacb C KOHTaKTHOH paBHOCTblO nOTeHQ,HaJIOB, BHelIIHee Hanpjl)l{e HHe H3MeH)!eT nOTeHl.\HaJIbHbIH 6apwp (j>k, a CJle)J,OBaTeJlbHO, H L.
TIYCTb BHeruHee Hanpjl)l{eHHe HanpaBJleHO TaK, 'ITO 3HaKH VK H V
COBna,u,aIOT (06paTHoe HanpaBneHHe). B 3TOM CJlyqae nOTeHQHaJIb HhIM 6apbep YBenHlJHBaeTCa, a 3Ha"lHT paCTeT H pa3Mep 06naCTH npOCTPaHCTBeHHoro 3apa)J,a L. 06bPmo p-n nepexo)J, C03)J,aeTCjI )J.HQ>Q>Y3Heii npHMeCH, HanpHMep, aKQeTITOpOB B 3neKTPOHHblM no nynpOBO)J,HHK• .[(.rrjl 06pa30BaHHjI p-n nepexo)J,a He06xo)J.HMO, lJT06bI BblTIOJlHHllOCb HepaaeHCTBO N;»Na. B 3TOM cny"lae
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TaKHM 06pa30M L_V1I2 H, H3MeHaji V (06paTHoe CMelQeHHe),MO)l{HO
H3MeHaTbL.
Tenepb paCCMOTPHM npHHQHn pa60TbI TPaH3HCTOpa, cxeMa KO TOpOro nOKa3aHa Ha pHcyHKe 7.1.
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MCTOK |
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PI:IC. 7,1 CxeMa pa60TbI TpaH31:1CTOpa C ynpaBJIlilOIl(l1M p-n lIepexO.llOM
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20
H)'JIeBOe nOJIO)KeHHe. IIocTaBHTb nepeKJUOl.JaTeJIb S H3MepHTeJIbHOH CXeMbI B nOJIO)KeHHe 1, l.JTO COOTBeTCTBYeT npjlMOMY HanpaBJIeHHlO, H CHjlTb 3aBHCHMOCTb TOKa OT Hanp5l)KeHHjI B npjlMOM HanpaBJIeHHH. ,[Vljl p;eTeKTopHoro p;Hop;a Hanp5l)KeHHe P;OJI)KHO H3MemTbCjI B npe p;eJIax 0-3 B, ,[(JIjI cTa6HJIHTpOHa - B npep;eJIax 0-1 B. IIocTaBHTb ne peKJIlOl.JaTeJIb S cxeMbl H3MepeHHjI B nOJIO)KeHHe 2 (cooTBeTcTBYeT o6paTHOMY HanpaBJIeHHlO) H cmTb 06paTH)'1O BeTBb BOJIbT aMnepHblX xapaKTepHCTHK. ,[(Hana30H H3MeHeHHjI Hanpjl)KeHHjI: p;e
TeKTOpHoro p;Hop;a - p;o 80 B. IIpH CHjlTHH 06paTHoH BeTBH xapaK TepHCTHKH cTa6HJIHTPOHa H)')KHO 6bITb Ol.JeHb BHHMaTeJIbHbIM, TaK KaK npH Hanpjl)KeHHH 8-12 B HacrynaeT np060H, H npH pe3KoM YBeJImeHHH TOKa npH60p MO)KeT BblHTH H3 cTPOji. IIOJIYl.JeHHbIe pe 3YJIbTaTbi 3aHeCTH B Ta6JIHQ)'.
,[(eTeKTopHbIH P;HOP; (MapKa) |
CTa6HJIHTpOH (MapKa) |
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IIpjlMoe |
06paTHoe |
IIpjlMOe |
06paTHoe |
Hanpjl)KeHHe |
Hanp5l)KeHHe |
Hanpjl)KeHHe |
Hanp5l)KeHHe |
V,B 11, MA |
V,B I i,MA |
V,B I i,MA |
V,B II,MA |
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3 1fl3Y4EHIflE nEPEXO,llHblX npOUECCOB
BnOIlynpOBO,QHIflKOBbIX ,QIflO,QAX
3.1IJ;eJIb pa60Tbi
IbyqeHHe nepexop;HbIX npoQeccoB B nOJIynpoBop;HHKOBOM P;HO p;e npH pa60Te Ha HMnyJIbCax npjlMoro TOKa H npH nepeKJIIOl.JeHHH p;Hop;a C npjlMOrO HanpjI)KeHJ1jI Ha 06paTHoe. Onpep;eJIeHHe 3cpcpeK THBHoro BpeMeHH )KH3HH HeOCHOBHbIX HOCHTeJIeH B 6a3e p;Hop;a.
21
3.2 IIepexoJ1.Hble nponeccbI npH npOXmKJ1.eHHH HMnYJIbCOB
npHMoro TOKa
IIpH npOTeKaHHH npjlMOrO TOKa l.Jepe3 nonynpoBoP;HHKOBbIH P;HOP; (pHc.3.1) B n-6a3Y 6yp;yT HH)KeKTHpOBaTbCjI p;bIpKH. IIpH 3TOM
B Henocpep;cTBeHHoH 6JIH30CTH K p-n nepexo):(y C03p;aeTCjI H36bI
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Cpn |
TOl.JHM KOHQeHTPaQJ1jI P;bIPOK, KOTOPM |
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rIl |
MO)KeT 6b1Tb 3Hal.JHTeJIbHO 60JIbme HX |
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~P |
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paBHoBecHoH KOHQeHTPaQHH Pn B n |
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06JIaCTH. ECJIH 3a Hal.JaJIO OTCl.JeTa |
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B3j1Tb rpaHHQ)' pa3p;eJIa P- B n- |
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PHC. 3.1 - |
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CxeMa l\HOl\a |
06JIaCTeH, TO |
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p{o) = Pn exp{qV/kT), |
(3.1) |
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rp;e V - nMeHHe Hanpjl)KeHJ1jI Ha p-n nepexop;e, a H36bITOl.JHM KOH QeHTPaQHjI
~ = pJexp{qV/kT)-11 |
(3.2) |
B Hal.JaJIbHbIH MOMeHT nponycKaHHjI HMnyJIbCa ~p(x,O)=O. 3a
V(t)
3 |
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ilVE |
Ls |
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PHC. 3.2 - TOKH Qepe31\HOl\ Ha rrpR |
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MbIX HMrryITbCax: |
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ilV |
1- MaITblH ypoBeHb HHJKeKl.\HH; |
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2- 60ITblIIOtt ypoBeHb HHJKeKl.\HH; |
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TeM ~(x,t) |
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3 - M0.2lYITRl.\RJI corrpOTHBITeHRJI 6a3bI |
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Hal.JHHaeT YBeJIHl.JHBaTbCjI H BMeCTe C 3THM paCTeT Ha |
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npjl)KeHHe p-n
POCT Hanpjl)KeHJ1jI Ha p-n nepexop;e 6yp;eT npOp;OJI)KaTbCjI P;O Tex nop, nOKa He 6yp;eT C03p;aH 3apjlp; H36bITOl.JHbIX P;bIPOK, COOTBeTCT BylOIIl,HH P;aHHOMY Hanpjl)KeHHlO Ha p-n nepexop;e.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT aMllJIHryp;bI HMnyJIbCa Hanpjl)KeHJ1jI MO)KHO Bbl,[(eJIHTb Pa3JIHl.JHbIe ypOBHH HH)KeKQHH B p-n nepexop;e (pHC. 3.2).