Vocabulary practice

1. Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the necessary word(s); all the letters of the word(s) are given on the right.

1. A search engine is a piece of … that gives you the ability to search for Internet resources.	E T A O F W T R S
2. The term “search engine friendly” may be used to describe Web site designs, menus, content … systems and shopping carts that are easy to optimize.	A G T E E M A M N N
3. To avoid … content in the search indexes, web-masters can instruct spiders not to crawl certain files	E L D U E I R N S A B
4. SEO … can be classified into two broad categories.	Q E S T U I N H C E
5. Black hat SEO … to improve rankings in ways that are disapproved of by the search engines, or involve deception.	T A T S M T P E
6. Search engines may … sites they discover using black hat methods.	E P Z E A N L I

2. Fill in the blanks choosing from the variants given.

1. If you want to promote your … in the search results of the major search engines, you should use SEO.

a) computer b) host c) website d) disk

2. Such programs usually guarantee inclusion in the …, but do not guarantee specific ranking within the search results.

a) index b) database c) code d) charter

3. To avoid undesirable content in the search indexes, … can instruct spiders net to crawl certain files or directories.

a) workers b) admins c) customers d) webmasters

4. Black hat SEO attempts to improve … in ways that are disapproved of by the search engines.

a) rankings b) costs c) velocity d) quality

3. Match the beginnings and the endings of the description given and put them into correct order.

As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers. The leading search engines use crawlers In March 2007, Google warned webmasters that they An SEO technique is considered white hat if Black hat SEO attempts to improve rankings in ways Search engines may penalize sites they discover

using black hat methods, either by reducing their rankings or eliminating their listings from their database. that are disapproved of by the search engines, or involve deception. it conforms to the search engines guidelines and involves no deception. should prevent indexing of internal search results because those pages are spam. to find pages for their algorithmic search results. how search engines work and what people search for.

4. Fill in the gaps in the text.

Webmastersand content providers began ___ sites for search engines in the mid-1990s, as the first search engines were cataloging the earlyWeb. Initially, all awebmasterneeded to do was submit a page, orURL, to the various engines which would send aspiderto “crawl” that page, extract links to other pages from it, and return information found on the page to be ___. The process involves a search engine spider downloading a ___ and storing it on the search engine’s own server, where a second program, known as anindexer, extracts various information about the page, such as the words it contains and where they are located, as well as any weight for specific ___, as well as any and all links the page contains, which are then placed into a scheduler for crawling at a later date.

Site owners started to recognize the value of having their sites highly ranked and visible in search engine ___, creating an opportunity for both white hatandblack ___ SEO practitioners. According to industry analystDanny Sullivan, the earliest known use of the phrase search ___ optimization was a spam message posted on Usenet on July 26, 1997.

Critical thinking. Read the article and express your opinion on the problem.