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Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝ ɋɶɸɡɟɧ Ⱦɨɧɟɥɥ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯɤ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɨɣɤɚɪɶɟɪɟɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɧɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ ɢɜɵɫɨɤɨɟɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɶɟ
Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɵ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɧɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɨɬɹɬɫɹ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɂɯ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɫɟɛɟ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɸɬɫɹ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɥɸɛɹɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɨɮɢɫɟ ɬɟɪɹɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɫɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɸɬɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɢɤ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ
ɉɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɨɬɹɬ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɦɚɟɬ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ
ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ Ɉɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɛɨɟɜ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɵɧɤɚ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɛɵɬɨɦ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɢɧɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ɋɟɲɢɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɹ ɢ ɛɵɬɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɋɭɬɶ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɵɱɚɝɚ
ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ
Ⱦɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ |
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ |
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Ʌɢɞɟɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ |
ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ |
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Ʌɢɞɟɪ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ |
ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ |
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɭ |
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɰɟɥɟɣ |
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Ʌɢɞɟɪ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ɤ |
ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɟ |
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ |
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Ʌɢɞɟɪ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ |
Ʌɢɞɟɪ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ɧɨ |
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ |
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ |
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ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɦɟɧɢɢ©ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢªɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɤɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ȼ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ" ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɰɟɥɟɣ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɦ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ȼɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ Ɂɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɤɬɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ȿɞɢɧɨɧɚɱɚɥɢɟ Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɑɟɬɤɢɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵȼɢɞɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ
ɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɎɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ±ɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɢɞɟɹɦ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ±ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ⱦɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ⱥ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɬɢɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ
Ȼ Ⱦɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɚ ȼ Ⱦɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɱɢ ɧɚɸɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɯɨɡɹɟɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɩɪɢɭɱɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɇɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɟɪɩɟɥɢ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ Ⱥ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Ȼ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɹɠɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɬɨ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɥ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɟ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ±ɷɬɨ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɫɪɟɞɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɬɫɜɢɟ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɞɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɚ ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɨɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɚɦɢɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɢɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɟɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɡɭɦɩɰɢɹ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱ
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɮɟɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɜɢɞɚɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɬ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɪɨɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɚɦɢɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɢɦɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɟɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɡɭɦɩɰɢɹ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢɝɪ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɛɥɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ
Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɲɬɭɪɦ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ȼ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɝɪ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɟɥɟɠɟɣ5ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɤɚɤɨɜɵ ɛɵ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ
ɞɟɥɟɠɢ] ɢ] ɢɡ5ɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɤɨɚɥɢɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɠ] ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɟɦ] ɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɛɵ ɧɢ ɛɵɥ ɞɟɥɟɠ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ 5 ɧɚɣɞɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɟɠ U ɢɡ 5 ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɟɥɟɠɭ V ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɚɥɢɰɢɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɨɤɢ ɤɚɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɋɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɥɟɠɚɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɝɪɵ Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɝɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɟɥɟɠɟɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɥɢɲɟɧ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɟɠɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɒɟɝɥɢ ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɟɠɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɚ ɚɝɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɤ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɋɪɨɤ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɝɨɞɚ