Добавил:
Karsky
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:экза мен / экзамен / 2.Водныя рэсурсы Беларусі і спецыфіка іх выкарыстання / 2.2. Агульная характэрыстыка водных рэсурсаў Беларусі
.txt яюK;K !025F:V !0N7 709<0^ ?5@H05 <5AF0 C A25F5 ?0 70?0A0< ?025@E=52KE 2>4 ( B01;. 2 . 1 . ) . 01 ?@02V;L=0 0F0=VFL V CO2VFL 01 @M0;L=KE 2>4=KE 70?0A0E @MA?C1;V:V =501E>4=0 C;VG20FL =0ABC?=KO 0A?5:BK, O:VO C7=V:0NFL ?@K 8E 2K:0@KAB0==V V O:VO C @>7=09 ABC?5=V 01<O6>^20NFL VE 2K:0@KAB==5 ^ 30A?040FK:
" =5@0^=0<5@=0AFL @07<5@:020==O 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ ?0 BM@KB>@KV @MA?C1;V:V;
" VE 7<O=5==5 =0 ?@0FO3C 3>40 ( ?0 ?>@0< 3>40) V ?0 0A>1=K< 3040<;
" =501E>4=0AFL C 20475 C AC2O7V 7 @072VFFQ< 30A?040@:V;
" 701@C4620==5 204K AFQ:02K<V 2>40<V;
" 701@C4620==5 25@E=VE 30@K7>=B0^ ?0475<=KE V 3@C=B>2KE 2>40^, O:VO 2K:0@KAB>^20NFF0 4;O 701OA?OGM==O 2OA:>2030 V 30@04A:>30 =0A5;L=VFB20 ?VB=>9 204>9;
" 701@C4620==5 204K @04KQ0:BK^=K<V M;5<5=B0<V ?0A;O 020@KV =0 'M@=>1K;LA:09 -!, =VB@0B0<V V =VB@KB0<V.
# AC2O7V 7 3MBK<V 0:0;VG=0AFO<V 2>40701OA?5G0=0AFL @MA?C1;V:V =501E>4=0 ;VGKFL =540AB0B:>209. # ?0@0^=0==V 7 4@C3V<V :@0V=0<V 1K;K !025F:V !0N7 709<0^ AQ<05 <5AF0 ?0A;O 0@253VV, $@0=FKV, (25FKV, @07V;VV, VB0O V (. MA?C1;V:0 5;0@CAL ?0 70?0A0< 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ CABC?05 =020B 47O@6020< 0;BKV.
0 ABC?5=V 20407015A?OGM==O 47EO@602K ^@0?59A:09 G0AB:V ! @07<5@:020=K ?0 3 - < 7>=0<: 2KA>:09, AO@M4=O9 V =V7:09 701OA?5G0=0AFV.
>=0 2KA>:09 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV 709<05 :0;O ?0;>2K BM@KB>@K, C O:>9 =07V@0NFF0 ;VH:V 204K, HB> ?@K2>47VFL 40 CB20@M==O 10;>B V 7010;>G0=KE 7O<5;L.
>=0 AO@M4=O9 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV 04@>7=V205FF0 40AB0B:>209 :>;L:0AFN 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 4;O ?0B@M1 30A?040@:V ( &M=B@0;L=0O 0AVO, #@0;) .
>=0 =V7:09, FV 7>=0 =540AB0B:>209 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV C:;NG05 ?>^475=L #:@0V=K, @K<, 0=10AA, 02>;660 V 3. 4. , 475 2>4=KO @MAC@AK A:;040NFL =5:0;L:V ?@0FM=B0^ 04 CAVE 70?0A0^, 0 4;O 701OA?OGM==O 204>9 ?0B@M1=0 ?5@0:V4:0 204K 7 4@C3VE @0G=KE 10A59=0^.
MB0 03C;L=K <0;N=0: 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV :@0V=, O:V C<>^=0 04;NAB@>^205 ABC?5=L 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV :@0V= 204>9. MA?C1;V:0 5;0@CAL <>6=0 04=5AFV 40 4@C3>9 7>=K. 4=0: C6> C :0=FK 6 0 - E 304>^ 1K;V ?@K=OBK <5@K 4;O ?5@0@07<5@:020==O AFQ:C ?0 O5 BM@KB>@KV V 1K;0 ?01C4020=0 C 1 9 7 6 3>@475 V;59A:0- V=A:0O 2>4=0O AVABM<0.
0 725AB:0< 7O@60^=030 2>4=030 :040AB@0 C @MA?C1;VFK ?5@02030NFL <0;KO @M:V V =52O;V:VO @MG:V.
4=0: 7=0G=0O :>;L:0AFL 204K 7=0E>47VFF0 C 2040Q<0E 70?02>;5=030 204001<5=0, 04=0^;5==5 @MAC@A0^ O:VE 041K205FF0 70 402>;V ?@0FO3;K ?5@KO4 .
>4=KO @MAC@AK, C 04@>7=5==5 04 4@C3VE ?@K@>4=KE @MAC@A0^, <0NFL A205 0A01;V20AFV, A?5FKDV:C 2K:0@KAB0==O, HB> =501E>4=0 C;VG20FL V 2540FV ?@K VE 2K:0@KAB0=VV V 2O475==V 30A?040@:V.
040 C ?@K=FK?5 7 O^;O5FF0 =52KG0@?0;L=K< ?@K@>4=K< @MAC@A0<, B0: O: O=0 7=0E>47VFF0 C 047V=K< 70<:=CBK< ?@K@>4=K< :@C30720@>F5. =0G=09 0:0;VG=0AFN 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^, O:>5 F5A=0 72O70=0 7 :@C30720@>B0< 204K 3MB0 047V=AB20 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^. #A5 2>4=KO @MAC@AK 7 O^;ONFF0 G0AB:09 3V4@0AD5@K O<;V V F5A=0 72O70=K 7 4@C3V<V ?@K@>4=K<V :0<?0=5=B0<V: 0B<0AD5@09, ;VB0AD5@09, 1VOAD5@09. 570;56=0 04 2>4=0AFV 3>4 03C;L=0O :>;L:0AFL 204K =0 O<;V C AO@M4=V< =5 7<O=O5FF0, 04=0: 041K205FF0 7=0G=05 ?5@0@07<5@:020==5 ^ ?@0AB>@K V ?0 G0AC. # AC2O7V 7 3MBK< 04=0^;5==5 204K ^ @>7=KE 2>4=KE 01 5:B0E 041K205FF0 7 @>7=09 ECB:0AFN ( B01;. 2 . 4 ) .
091>;LHK 204001<5= 041K205FF0 C @M:0E V 3;515. MB0O 0:0;VG=0AFL <05 2O;V:05 7=0GM==5. !CG0A=0O 30A?040@:0 72KG09=0 72O70=0 7 2K:0@KAB0==5< AFQ:C @M: V 2V;L30FV 3;51K. 5;L<V <0@C4=0 V475 :@C30720@>B 204K 25:02KE 70?0A0^ ?0475<=KE 2>4, 2>4 ;5402V:>^, A=56=V:0^. E 70?0AK <>6=0 ;VGKFL =O7<5==K<V, HB> B@M10 C;VG20FL ?@K VE 2K:0@KAB0==V.
0B@M1=0 C;VG20FL V B>5, HB> 25;VGK=O 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ V VE @07<5@:020==5 ?0 BM@KB>@KV 70;56KFL 04 03C;L=KE :;V<0BKG=KE V <5BM0@0;03VG=KE C<>^ V 7<O=O5FF0 04 3>40 40 3>40 V 7 ?>^=0GK =0 ?>^475=L. #AB>9;V20AFL 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 25;L<V 7=0G=K 0A?5:B ?@K VE 2K:0@KAB=VV, ?;0=020==V 2K:0@KAB0==O C 1C4CGK=V.
4=>9 7 C;0AFV20AF59 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 7 O^;O5FF0 <03GK<0AFL H<0B@07>2030 VE 2K:0@KAB0==O, 04=0G0A>2030 2K:0@KAB0==O C =5:0;L:VE 30;V=0E 30A?040@:V. 0;>^=K<V =0?@0<:0<V 2K:0@KAB0==O 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 7 O^;ONFF0:
" A0<0 2040, O: ?@K@>4=05 CB20@M==5 C ?@0<KA;>20AFV, A5;LA:09 V :0<C=0;L=09 30A?040@FK;
" O: =>AL1VB M=M@3VV C 3V4@0M=5@35BKFK;
" 2>4=0O 0:20B>@KO 4;O AC40E>4AB20, @K10;>^AB20, 3. 4.
%0@0:BM@=09 0A01;V20AFN 204K 7 O^;O5FF0 C;0AFV20AFL 204K 40 A0<00GKHGM==O. 7O:CNGK 3MB0<C A:;040=0<C ?@K@>4=0<C ?@0FMAC ?@K@>4=0O 2040 ?@K ?0?040==V =52O;V:VE 01 Q<0^ ?0;NB0=B0^ 74>;L=0 A0<00GKHG0FF0 04 VE, ?5@02>47VFL 701@C4620NGKO @MGK2K C 0A040:, C 0@30=VG=05 @MGK20 V 3. 4.
" =5@0^=0<5@=0AFL @07<5@:020==O 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ ?0 BM@KB>@KV @MA?C1;V:V;
" VE 7<O=5==5 =0 ?@0FO3C 3>40 ( ?0 ?>@0< 3>40) V ?0 0A>1=K< 3040<;
" =501E>4=0AFL C 20475 C AC2O7V 7 @072VFFQ< 30A?040@:V;
" 701@C4620==5 204K AFQ:02K<V 2>40<V;
" 701@C4620==5 25@E=VE 30@K7>=B0^ ?0475<=KE V 3@C=B>2KE 2>40^, O:VO 2K:0@KAB>^20NFF0 4;O 701OA?OGM==O 2OA:>2030 V 30@04A:>30 =0A5;L=VFB20 ?VB=>9 204>9;
" 701@C4620==5 204K @04KQ0:BK^=K<V M;5<5=B0<V ?0A;O 020@KV =0 'M@=>1K;LA:09 -!, =VB@0B0<V V =VB@KB0<V.
# AC2O7V 7 3MBK<V 0:0;VG=0AFO<V 2>40701OA?5G0=0AFL @MA?C1;V:V =501E>4=0 ;VGKFL =540AB0B:>209. # ?0@0^=0==V 7 4@C3V<V :@0V=0<V 1K;K !025F:V !0N7 709<0^ AQ<05 <5AF0 ?0A;O 0@253VV, $@0=FKV, (25FKV, @07V;VV, VB0O V (. MA?C1;V:0 5;0@CAL ?0 70?0A0< 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ CABC?05 =020B 47O@6020< 0;BKV.
0 ABC?5=V 20407015A?OGM==O 47EO@602K ^@0?59A:09 G0AB:V ! @07<5@:020=K ?0 3 - < 7>=0<: 2KA>:09, AO@M4=O9 V =V7:09 701OA?5G0=0AFV.
>=0 2KA>:09 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV 709<05 :0;O ?0;>2K BM@KB>@K, C O:>9 =07V@0NFF0 ;VH:V 204K, HB> ?@K2>47VFL 40 CB20@M==O 10;>B V 7010;>G0=KE 7O<5;L.
>=0 AO@M4=O9 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV 04@>7=V205FF0 40AB0B:>209 :>;L:0AFN 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 4;O ?0B@M1 30A?040@:V ( &M=B@0;L=0O 0AVO, #@0;) .
>=0 =V7:09, FV 7>=0 =540AB0B:>209 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV C:;NG05 ?>^475=L #:@0V=K, @K<, 0=10AA, 02>;660 V 3. 4. , 475 2>4=KO @MAC@AK A:;040NFL =5:0;L:V ?@0FM=B0^ 04 CAVE 70?0A0^, 0 4;O 701OA?OGM==O 204>9 ?0B@M1=0 ?5@0:V4:0 204K 7 4@C3VE @0G=KE 10A59=0^.
MB0 03C;L=K <0;N=0: 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV :@0V=, O:V C<>^=0 04;NAB@>^205 ABC?5=L 2040701OA?5G0=0AFV :@0V= 204>9. MA?C1;V:0 5;0@CAL <>6=0 04=5AFV 40 4@C3>9 7>=K. 4=0: C6> C :0=FK 6 0 - E 304>^ 1K;V ?@K=OBK <5@K 4;O ?5@0@07<5@:020==O AFQ:C ?0 O5 BM@KB>@KV V 1K;0 ?01C4020=0 C 1 9 7 6 3>@475 V;59A:0- V=A:0O 2>4=0O AVABM<0.
0 725AB:0< 7O@60^=030 2>4=030 :040AB@0 C @MA?C1;VFK ?5@02030NFL <0;KO @M:V V =52O;V:VO @MG:V.
4=0: 7=0G=0O :>;L:0AFL 204K 7=0E>47VFF0 C 2040Q<0E 70?02>;5=030 204001<5=0, 04=0^;5==5 @MAC@A0^ O:VE 041K205FF0 70 402>;V ?@0FO3;K ?5@KO4 .
>4=KO @MAC@AK, C 04@>7=5==5 04 4@C3VE ?@K@>4=KE @MAC@A0^, <0NFL A205 0A01;V20AFV, A?5FKDV:C 2K:0@KAB0==O, HB> =501E>4=0 C;VG20FL V 2540FV ?@K VE 2K:0@KAB0=VV V 2O475==V 30A?040@:V.
040 C ?@K=FK?5 7 O^;O5FF0 =52KG0@?0;L=K< ?@K@>4=K< @MAC@A0<, B0: O: O=0 7=0E>47VFF0 C 047V=K< 70<:=CBK< ?@K@>4=K< :@C30720@>F5. =0G=09 0:0;VG=0AFN 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^, O:>5 F5A=0 72O70=0 7 :@C30720@>B0< 204K 3MB0 047V=AB20 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^. #A5 2>4=KO @MAC@AK 7 O^;ONFF0 G0AB:09 3V4@0AD5@K O<;V V F5A=0 72O70=K 7 4@C3V<V ?@K@>4=K<V :0<?0=5=B0<V: 0B<0AD5@09, ;VB0AD5@09, 1VOAD5@09. 570;56=0 04 2>4=0AFV 3>4 03C;L=0O :>;L:0AFL 204K =0 O<;V C AO@M4=V< =5 7<O=O5FF0, 04=0: 041K205FF0 7=0G=05 ?5@0@07<5@:020==5 ^ ?@0AB>@K V ?0 G0AC. # AC2O7V 7 3MBK< 04=0^;5==5 204K ^ @>7=KE 2>4=KE 01 5:B0E 041K205FF0 7 @>7=09 ECB:0AFN ( B01;. 2 . 4 ) .
091>;LHK 204001<5= 041K205FF0 C @M:0E V 3;515. MB0O 0:0;VG=0AFL <05 2O;V:05 7=0GM==5. !CG0A=0O 30A?040@:0 72KG09=0 72O70=0 7 2K:0@KAB0==5< AFQ:C @M: V 2V;L30FV 3;51K. 5;L<V <0@C4=0 V475 :@C30720@>B 204K 25:02KE 70?0A0^ ?0475<=KE 2>4, 2>4 ;5402V:>^, A=56=V:0^. E 70?0AK <>6=0 ;VGKFL =O7<5==K<V, HB> B@M10 C;VG20FL ?@K VE 2K:0@KAB0==V.
0B@M1=0 C;VG20FL V B>5, HB> 25;VGK=O 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ V VE @07<5@:020==5 ?0 BM@KB>@KV 70;56KFL 04 03C;L=KE :;V<0BKG=KE V <5BM0@0;03VG=KE C<>^ V 7<O=O5FF0 04 3>40 40 3>40 V 7 ?>^=0GK =0 ?>^475=L. #AB>9;V20AFL 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 25;L<V 7=0G=K 0A?5:B ?@K VE 2K:0@KAB=VV, ?;0=020==V 2K:0@KAB0==O C 1C4CGK=V.
4=>9 7 C;0AFV20AF59 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 7 O^;O5FF0 <03GK<0AFL H<0B@07>2030 VE 2K:0@KAB0==O, 04=0G0A>2030 2K:0@KAB0==O C =5:0;L:VE 30;V=0E 30A?040@:V. 0;>^=K<V =0?@0<:0<V 2K:0@KAB0==O 2>4=KE @MAC@A0^ 7 O^;ONFF0:
" A0<0 2040, O: ?@K@>4=05 CB20@M==5 C ?@0<KA;>20AFV, A5;LA:09 V :0<C=0;L=09 30A?040@FK;
" O: =>AL1VB M=M@3VV C 3V4@0M=5@35BKFK;
" 2>4=0O 0:20B>@KO 4;O AC40E>4AB20, @K10;>^AB20, 3. 4.
%0@0:BM@=09 0A01;V20AFN 204K 7 O^;O5FF0 C;0AFV20AFL 204K 40 A0<00GKHGM==O. 7O:CNGK 3MB0<C A:;040=0<C ?@K@>4=0<C ?@0FMAC ?@K@>4=0O 2040 ?@K ?0?040==V =52O;V:VE 01 Q<0^ ?0;NB0=B0^ 74>;L=0 A0<00GKHG0FF0 04 VE, ?5@02>47VFL 701@C4620NGKO @MGK2K C 0A040:, C 0@30=VG=05 @MGK20 V 3. 4.
Соседние файлы в папке 2.Водныя рэсурсы Беларусі і спецыфіка іх выкарыстання