Gift Giving Etiquette

• Gift giving has no real place in business relationships or etiquette. Relationship building and the like will usually take the form of dining or sight seeing trips rather than lavish gifts.

• If a gift is given it will be accepted well. It is always a good idea to bring gifts from your own country such as food stuffs or craft items(ремесленные изделия).

• Be aware that Turkey is a Muslim country. Before giving alcohol to anyone be 100% sure that they drink.

• The only time you would need to give any great thought to gifts would be if you were invited to a Turk's home for dinner. The most usual gifts to take are pastries (кондитерские изделия), (especially 'baklava') and decorative items for the home such as ornaments or vases. Flowers are not usually taken to a host but can be if felt appropriate. It is best to ask a florist for advice on what is best to take. If the host has children take some expensive sweets or candy.

Dining Etiquette

• Most business entertaining will take place in restaurants. Turks enjoy food and the meal is a time for relaxing and engaging(участие) in some good conversation.

• The protocol of Turkish hospitality dictates that the host always pays for the meal. The concept of sharing a bill is completely alien. You may try and offer to pay, which may be seen as polite, but you would never be allowed to do so. The best policy is to graciously thank the host then a few days later invite them to do dinner at a restaurant of your choice.

• Evening meals may be accompanied by some alcohol, usually the local tipple(алкогольный напиток) called Raký (pronounced rak-uh). It will comprise (состоять) of a few courses with the main course always meat or fish based, accompanied by bread and a salad.

• Turks smoke during meals and will often take breaks between courses to have a cigarette and a few drinks before moving onto the next.

• Tea or Turkish coffee is served at the end of a meal sometimes with pastries(кондитерские изделия). Turkish coffee is a national drink and should at least be sampled. It comes either without sugar, a little sugar or sweet. Turkish coffee is sipped(потягивается) and allowed to melt into the taste buds (вкусовые рецепторы) so do not gulp (глотайте) it down as you would instant coffee(растворимый кофе). Never drink to the bottom of the cup as it will be full of ground coffee and taste awful.

Светское государство — государство с устройством, где религия отделена от него, и которое регулируется на основе гражданских, не религиозных норм; решения государственных органов не могут иметь религиозного обоснования.

Пролив- strait, channel

3. India (facts and statistics, language, society and culture: hierarchy, the role of the family)

Facts and Statistics

Location: Southern Asia, bordering Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km Capital: New Delhi Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north Population: 1,236,344,631 (July 2014 est.) Ethnic Make-up: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000) Religions: Hindu 81.3%, Muslim 12%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other groups including Buddhist, Jain, Parsi 2.5% (2000) Government: Federal Republic

Languages in India

The different states of India have different official languages, some of them not recognized by the central government. Some states have more then one official language.

Bihar in east India has three official languages - Hindi, Urdu and Bengali - which are all recognized by the central government. But Sikkim, also in east India, has four official languages of which only Nepali is recognized by the central government. Besides the languages officially recognized by central or state governments, there are other languages which don't have this recognition and their speakers are running political struggles to get this recognition. Central government decided that Hindi was to be the official language of India and therefore it also has the status of official language in the states.

Indian Society & Culture