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ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ		.. 2 11
Ƚɥɚɜɚ . ©Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɟªɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª .......			12 28
Ƚɥɚɜɚ . ©Ȼɥɢɡɤɨɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɺɤɨɟªɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª		.	29 39
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ©Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɟªɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª..			40 48
Ƚɥɚɜɚ . ©ȼɟɪɯ ɢ ɧɢɡªɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª		.	49 58
Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ			59 60
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ	..		61 65

1

ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

ɏɨɬɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ, ɩɨɫɜɹ ɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɚɤ ɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɉɪɢɱɺɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɨɬɧɨ ɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɤɚɡɤɟ©Ɍɪɢ ɬɨɥɫɬɹɤɚªɑɬɨ ɠɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɬɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɡɵɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɜ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɛ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨ ɪɚɯ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ Ʌɢɲɶ ɫ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɭɱ ɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɫɬɟ ɩɟɧɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɞɢɦ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª

ȼɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɇ ə ȼɚɣɫɤɨɩɮ. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ȼɚɛɢɱɟɜ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡ ɜ©Ɂɚɜɢ ɫɬɢªɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ1 ɂ Ƚ ɉɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɨ ɦɚɧɟ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ³Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶ´ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ³Ɂɚɝɨɜɨɪ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ´2, Ʉ ɗ Ɋɚɰɟɜɢɱɭɬɟ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ 3. Ɍɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɩɟɪ ɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ȼ ɉ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ©ɉɪɟɨɞɨ ɥɟɧɢɟ³Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɢ´Ɉ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ4.

1ȼɚɣɫɤɨɩɮ Ɇ ə Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ȼɚɛɢɱɟɜ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡ ɜ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɢªɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɂɡɜ Ⱥɇ ɋɟɪ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚ

ɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɹɡɵɤ Ɇ Ɍ ʋ ɋ -76.

2ɉɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ ɂ Ƚ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪ ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ³Ɂɚɝɨɜɨɪ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ´ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ʌɶɜɨɜ, 1974: II ɋ 33-39.

3Ɋɚɰɟɜɢɱɭɬɟ Ʉ ɗ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ȺɄȾ Ɇ

4ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ ɉ ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ©ɁɚɜɢɫɬɢªɈ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ ɉ Ɉ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɟ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼ ɉ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɜɫɬɭɩ ɫɬ ɫɨɫɬ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɱ ȼ ȼ ɗɣɞɢɧɨɜɨɣ Ɇ ɋɨɜɟɬ ɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɋ. 150-177.

2

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɫ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ȼ ȼ Ȼɚɞɢɤɨɜ. Ɉ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª5, ɂ Ƚ ɉɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ. ɋɬɢɥɶ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɫɭɞɶɛɚɦɢ ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢ ɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ6 ȿ ɂ ȿɝɨɪɨɜɚ. ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɨɬɟɫɤɚ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ Ȼɚɛɢ ɱɟɜɚ 7.

Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɤɚɤ ȼ Ɏ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ. Ɉ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɢɢ ȼ Ɏ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ Ɋɨɦɚɧ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɩɢɫɚ ɬɟɥɹ8 ȼ ȼ Ȼɚɞɢɤɨɜ. Ɉ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɢ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ9, Ɉ Ƚ ɒɢɬɚɪɟɜɚ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ10, ȼ Ɉ ɉɟɪɰɨɜ. Ʉ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ 11, Ʉ ɉɪɨɬɨɩɨɩɨɜ. ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɤɚɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ12.

ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɟɳɟɣ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ȿ Ɇɟɧɶɲɢɤɨɜɚ. Ɋɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɦɟɯ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ13, ɇ Ɋ ɋɤɚɥɨɧ. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ©ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨªɫɬɢɥɹ ɩɪɨɡɚ ɘ Ɉɥɟ ɲɢ 14.

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɭ ɢɞɟɣɧɵɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚ ɥɢɡɦɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɞ Ƚ ɋɬɪɭɜɟ. ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɯ

5Ȼɚɞɢɤɨɜ ȼ ȼ Ɉ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ ȼɵɩ

6ɉɚɧɱɟɧɤɨ ɂ Ƚ ɋɬɢɥɶ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɫɭɞɶɛɚɦɢ ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟ ɪɚɬɭɪɟ ȺɄȾ Ʉɢɟɜ

7ȿɝɨɪɨɜɚ ȿ ɂ ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɨɬɟɫɤɚ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ Ȼɚɛɢɱɟɜɚ əɡɵɤ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ Ȼɚɛɟɥɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ Ʉɢɟɜ ɍɆɄ ȼɈ

1991.

8Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ ȼ Ɏ Ɋɨɦɚɧ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ Ɉɪɟɥ ȺɄȾ

9Ȼɚɞɢɤɨɜ ȼ ȼ Ɉ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɢ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ

ȼɵɩ

10ɒɢɬɚɪɟɜɚ Ɉ Ƚ Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɇ . ʋ ɋ -92.

11ɉɟɪɰɨɜ ȼ Ɉ Ʉ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

Ɇ

12ɉɪɨɬɨɩɨɩɨɜ Ʉ ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɤɚɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ XXII (1968).

13Ɇɟɧɶɲɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ Ɋɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɦɟɯ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ. 2002. ʋ ɋ -85.

14ɋɤɚɥɨɧ ɇ Ɋ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ©ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨªɫɬɢɥɹ ɩɪɨɡɚ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɇ Ɋ ɋɤɚɥɨɧ ȼɟɳɶ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ Ƚɵɥɵɦ ɋ -35.

3

ɬɟɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ15 Ƚ ɉ Ʌɨɝɜɢɧ. Ɉ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ16 ȼ ȿɪɦɢɥɨɜ. Ɂɚ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ17 ɋ Ȼɟɥɹɤɨɜ. ɏɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɩɥɨɯɨɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ Ɉɥɟɲɚ18 ə Ɇ ɗɥɶɫɛɟɪɝ. Ʉɪɢɡɢɫ ɩɨɩɭɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢ19 ɋ ɒɟɲɭɤɨɜ ɇɟɢɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɜɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ20, ə. ɗɥɶɫɛɟɪɝ ©Ɂɚ ɜɢɫɬɶª ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɪɚɦɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɦɚ21, ɂ ɇ Ⱥɪɡɚɦɚɫɰɟɜɚ ɂɞɟɣɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɩɪɨ ɡɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ 22 ȼ ȼ Ȼɚɞɢɤɨɜ Ɉ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª (Ɏɢɥɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɚ ȼɵɩ 5).

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ Ɇ ɏɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜɚ23 Ⱥ Ʌɟɠɧɟɜɚ24, ȼ ȼ Ƚɭɞɤɨɜɨɣ25 Ⱦ ɉɚɲɢɧɚ26 ȼ ɉ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ27 ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ.

ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɘ Ʉ Ɉɥɟɲɢ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɨɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɢ Ɇ Ȼ ɑɚɪɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ©Ɂɚɝɚɞɤɚ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢªɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª ©ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ

15 ɋɬɪɭɜɟ Ƚ©ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɦªɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɇɨɜɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ XXV Ʉɍ

1951).

16Ʌɨɝɜɢɧ Ƚ ɉ Ɉ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢ ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ʌɶɜɨɜ ɂɡɞ Ʌɶɜɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ȼɵɩ

17ȿɪɦɢɥɨɜ ȼ Ɂɚ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ Ɇ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɬ©Ɉɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɱɟɥɨ

ɜɟɤª

18Ȼɟɥɹɤɨɜ ɋ ɏɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɩɥɨɯɨɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ Ɉɥɟɲɚ ɍɪɚɥ . ʋ

19ɗɥɶɫɛɟɪɝ ə Ɇ Ʉɪɢɡɢɫ ɩɨɩɭɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɰɢɢ Ʌ ɉɪɢɛɨɣ ɫɬ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶª ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɪɚɦɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɦɚ

20ɒɟɲɭɤɨɜ ɋ ɇɟɢɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɜɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ Ɇ

21ɗɥɶɫɛɟɪɝ ə©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶªɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɪɚɦɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɇɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɩɨ

ɫɬɭ ʋ

22Ⱥɪɡɚɦɚɫɰɟɜɚ ɂ ɇ ɂɞɟɣɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɡɵ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ

ȺɄȾ Ɇ

23ɏɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜ Ɇ©ə ɜɵɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɸ ɢɡ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɢªɉɟɪɟɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɭ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵʋ

24Ʌɟɠɧɺɜ Ⱥ Ɉ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɢªɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ Ʌɟɠɧɺɜ Ⱥ Ɉ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɋɬɚɬɶɢ Ɇ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ

1987.

25Ƚɭɞɤɨɜɚ ȼ ȼ Ɇɟɱɬɚ ɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɟ Ʉ -ɥɟɬɢɸ ɫɨ ɞɧɹ Ɋɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɇɨɜɨɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ

ɨɛɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ ʋ± ɫ -167.

26ɉɚɲɢɧ Ⱦ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ Ɉɤɬɹɛɪɶ

ʋ

27ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ ɉ ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɢªɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ ɉ Ɉ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɟ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɫɬɭɩ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɫɨɫɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɱ ȼ ȼ ɗɣɞɢɧɨɜɨɣ± Ɇ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ

1988.

4

Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɱɬɨɛ ɨɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɬɚɧɢɹ Ʉɚɜɚɥɟɪɨɜɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ" Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ Ɋɚɡɜɟ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ"ª28 Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɺɬ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ-ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ȼ ȼ Ƚɭɞɤɨɜɨɣ ©Ʉɚɤ ɨɮɢɰɢɨɡ ³ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ´ ɫ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢª ©ȼɧɨɜɶ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɨɦɚ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɫɬɪɨɬɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɋɋɋɊ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ;;,ɜɟɤɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ©ɪɢɮɦɭ ɸɳɢɟɫɹªɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢª29. ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ©ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚªɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɫɥɨ ɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɉɨɜɟ ɞɟɧɢɟ Ʉɚɜɚɥɟɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɂɜɚɧɚ Ȼɚɛɢɱɟɜɚ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ-ɬɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ± ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɩɨɤɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ©ɪɚɡ-ɢ-ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ-ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɢªɜ ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ.

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ Ⱦ ɉɚɲɢɧɚ30 ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ©ɞɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶªɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɟɺ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ Ɇ ɏɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜ ɩɢɲɟɬ©Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɚɫɤɚ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɤɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɭɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɬɭɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɞɺɠɧɟɟª31.

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ȼ ɉ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ32 ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɧɞɢ ɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɫɨɜɟɪ ɲɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɂ ȼ ɉ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ©´Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɶ´

± ɪɨɦɚɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ± ɥɭɱɲɟ± ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ !ɗɬɨ ɞɜɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɦɟɠ

28ɑɚɪɧɵɣ Ɇ Ȼ Ɂɚɝɚɞɤɚ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɢ Ɇ . ± ɋ .

29Ƚɭɞɤɨɜɚ ȼ ȼ Ʉɚɤ ɨɮɢɰɢɨɡ©ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥªɫ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɇɅɈ

ʋ ɋ -147.

30ɉɚɲɢɧ Ⱦ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ Ɉɤɬɹɛɪɶ 1994

ʋ . ɋ .

31ɏɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɨɜ Ɇ©ə ɜɵɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɸ ɢɡ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɢªɉɟɪɟɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɘɪɢɹ Ɉɥɟɲɭ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. 2000. ʋ ɋɬɪ

32ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ ɉ ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ©Ɂɚɜɢɫɬɢª ɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɘ Ɉɥɟɲɢ ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ȼ ɉ Ɉ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɟ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɫɬɭɩ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɫɨɫɬ ɉɪɢɦɟɱ ȼ ȼ ɗɣɞɢɧɨɜɨɣ Ɇ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ

ɋ. 165.

5