Seminar No з Stylistic Lexicology

• Vocabulary

Describe the type of vocabulary used in the following statements.

• At the seminar the professor will outline the assessment criteria and then give his paper. На семинаре профессор будут определены критерии оценки, а затем дать свою газету.

This is largely educational and academic jargon.

• I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence commeth my help. • Я подниму глаза мои к горам, откуда придет помощь моя.

This is largely biblical and archaic language.

• Youth's trauma in blazing inferno. Heartbroken mother makes agonised plea. • травма молодежи в геенне огненной. Убитый горем мать делает отчаянный призыв.

This is largely an emotive and tabloid-newspaper style.

• John Brown, Maple Leaf Cottage, Greenholme, Essex. • Джон Браун, кленовый лист Коттедж, Greenholme, Эссекс.

These are proper nouns comprising someone's address. Имена собственные содержащие адрес

• What matters in life is honesty, trust, courage, and thrift. All these lead to happiness. • Что важно в жизни является честность, доверие, мужество и бережливость. Все это приведет к счастью.

These are largely the abstract nouns of moralising. Поучение

• This is a classic Burgundy, vintage 1989, with lots of finish. • Это классический Бургундия, старинные 1989 года, с большим отделки.

This is the vocabulary of viniculture or wine enthusiasm. Спицефическая лексика виноделов, професионализмы

• Synonyms

Which of the following pairs are close synonyms?

• fabulous – fantastic fabulous – fantastic невероятный - фантастический

• These are not synonymous.

• 'Fabulous' means 'as in a fable' - which is a literary form.

• 'Fantastic' means 'as in a fantasy' - a flight of pure imagination.

• [Of course, they are often used synonymously.]

• dramatic – theatrical dramatic – theatrical

• These are not synonymous.

• 'Dramatic' refers to interaction between the characters in a play.

• 'Theatrical' refers to the whole apparatus of the theatre.

• This includes music, costumes, lighting, and props.

• heavenly – celestial heavenly – celestial. райское - небесное

• These are roughly synonymous.

• 'Heavenly' has an Anglo-Saxon etymology.

• 'Celestial' is Latin in origin.

• strength – power strength – power

• These can be synonymous - but not always.

• 'Strength' means 'capable of exerting physical force'.

• 'Power' can also mean 'having great [social and political] influence'.

• reverence – respect reverence – respect. почитание - уважение

• These are not synonymous.

• 'Reverence' places the object higher – on a pedestal.

• 'Respect' is an appreciation of the object on the same level.

• nervous – anxious nervous – anxious нервная - тревожный

• These are not synonymous.

• 'Nervous' refers to a physical state of being.

• 'Anxious' is a psychological state.

• Slang

Pick out any slang terms in these statements.

• "He's won the lottery and got loads of dosh." The term dosh is a slang term for 'money'.

• "Give me lots of spuds with my dinner." The term spuds is a slang term for 'potatoes'.

• "Put the kettle on, and we'll have a cup of Rosy Lee." The term Rosy Lee is rhyming slang for 'tea'.

• "He squealed to the cops, and that put a spanner in the works." Он открыл правду в полицию, и которые ставят палки в колеса работ The term squealed is a slang term for 'gave evidence' or 'revealed the truth'.

The term cops is a slang term for the police.

But the term 'spanner in the works' is not slang.

It is an idiomatic expression meaning 'caused problems'.

• "The tea-leaves scarpered сбежал with all the moolah." The term tea-leaf is rhyming slang for 'thief'.

The term scarper is a slang term for 'run away'

The term moolah is a slang term for 'money'.

• "She's got big blue eyes and a nice pair of pins." The term pins is a slang term for 'legs'.

The term 'big blue eyes' is a polite euphemism here.

It means she has big bristols or knockers [US – hooters].

[Slang completely ignores notions of political correctness.]

Assignment 1. Define the stylistic value of each of the following words: 1) neutral; 2) common literary; 3) common colloquial; 4) spe­cial literary (specify); 5) special colloquial (specify):

1. Leave common colloquial , abandon common literary, kick common colloquial;

2. send packing special colloquial (specify) , expel neutral;, give the axe special colloquial (specify):, discharge мед. выделение spe­cial literary (specify);

3. free neutral, dismiss common colloquial, liberate литературное release special colloquial (specify):;

4. associate коллега special literaly, comrade special colloqual , friend neutral, buddy colloqual, china;

5. aerial spe­cial literary (specify), antenna common colloquial, rabbit ears special colloquial;

6. lodgings spe­cial literary (specify) , accommodation common colloquial , flat neutral, digs colloqual;

7. phoneyness/phoniness common colloqual, hypocrisy spe­cial literary (specify ; лживость, лицемерие, притворство, фальшь

8. conversation neutral, chat common colloqual, intercourse common literary;

disposition literaly, mood common colloqual, spirit neutral, guts special colloquial (specify):

7. , shade neutral;

8. bad temper common colloquial, depression spe­cial literary (specify) , dumps special colloquial (specify):, bate colloqual;

9. primate special literary, monkey neutral;

10. spring neutral , prime special literaly;

11. quick common colloqual, alive literally, quickie colloqual;

12. believe neutral, accept neutral, buy neutral;

13. perjurer special literary, story-teller common literaly, liar special colloquial;

14. wits special colloquial, comprehension neutral, understanding common colloquial, brains common colloquial, smarts common colloquial;

15. inform neutral, acquaint special literally, let know common colloquial, put (someone) in the picture special colloquial;

16. alluring special literally, beautiful neutral, drop-dead special colloquial;

17. show up special colloquial , materialize special literally, come common colloquial, appear neutral;

18. physician special literaly, doc special colloquial, doctor neutral;

19. daddy common colloquial, father neutral, parent literaly;

20. intelligent common literally, clever common colloquial, smart common colloquial, highbrow special literaly, brainy special colloquial;

21. welkin common literaly, sky neutral, azure common literally, empyrean special literally;

22. misappropriate special literaly, defalcate special literaly, steal neutral, pocket common collioquial, cabbage common colloquial;

23. eve/ even special colloquial, eventidespecial literally, twilight common literaly, evening neutral;

24. eatables common literaly, eats common colloquial, nourishment special literally, food neutral;

25. get common colloquial, arrest neutral, collar special colloquial;

26. eclipse common literaly zatmenie, darkening common colloquial;

27. dayspring common literary, dawn common colloquial, morning neutral;

28. Homo sapiens special literaly, humanity common literally, people neutral, flesh common literally;

29. Start neutral, commence special literally, begin common colloquial;

30. Die neutral, kick the bucket special colloquial, pass away common literally, decease cpecial literally;

31. be crazy about special colloquial, like neutral;

32. infant common literally, descendant special literally, kid common colloquial, child neutral;

33. nipper common colloquial, crook special colloquial, thief neutral;

34. continue neutral, proceed common literally, go on common colloquial;

35. catty common colloquial, malicious common literally; zlobniy

36. mischief common colloquial, misconduct common literally, acting up common colloquial, monkey business special colloquial;

37. villain common literally, culprit common colloquial, criminal neutral;

38. money neutral, currency special literally, needful common colloquial, dough special colloquial, dibs special colloquial;

39. ведмідь neutral, клишоногий special colloquial, бурмило special colloquial, медвідь special colloquial, вуйко special colloquial;

40. заповіт neutral, духівниця special colloquial, тестамент special literally, завіт common colloquial;

41. аптекар neutral, рецептар special colloquial, фармацевт special literally, провізор special literally;

42. клоун neutral, комедіант common literally, штукар special colloquial, паяц special literally;

45. детектив neutral, нишпорка special colloquial, сищик special literally, філер special literally, слідець special colloquial;

46. ґрунт special literally, земля neutral, персть special colloquial;

47. листування common colloquial, кореспонденція special literally, переписка neutral;

48. адвокат neutral , захисник common literally, оборонець special colloquial, речникspecial;

49. розум neutral, інтелект common literallu, глузд common colloquial, тяма common colloquial, застанова special literally, клепка special colloquial;

50. провал neutral, прогар special colloquial, фіаско special literally.

Assignment 2. Point out a neutral and a special literary word (med­ical term). Exchange them in their places and make adjustments for the second remark to sound logical then as well:

"Is the doctor treating her for nervousness?" - "Oh, dear, no. She's rich enough to have psychoneurosis."

navel- umbilicus мед пупок

people -Homo sapiens

protein-  albumenбиол. хим.; ,белок

verdict- condemnation юр приговор

law; rule;-  statute юр. Закон

Assignment 3. Determine the stylistic features of the following sentences and paraphrase special vocabulary into neutral:

1. Overtime emoluments(payments) are not available for employees who are not resident. (Formal)

Staff who dont live in can’t get paid overtime. (Informal)

3. He had a buddy(friend) from Brooklyn. Sort of a brainy guy who, however, was just crazy about shooting madman stuff. Yeah, a show-offy(boaster) хвастун-looking fella(outstanding) boy. Colloqual

3. - It will cost у a hundred bucks to buy that pitcher. It will cost уou one hundred dollars/

- Anyways, I gonna(I’m going to do this). I was not kidding when I toleja(told you) I'm pretty loaded(busy) t'day(that day).

4. He made out like as if he didn't (did not) even hear they gonna(were going to) give him the axe (discharge) at the institute.

5.1 have our brochure here setting out our services. Were you thinking of interment ( funeral) or incineration (cremation) of the deceased( the dead)?

6. Haply(Can happen) some hoary-headed(gray-headed) swain may say,

Oft(often) have we seen him at the deep of dawn( beginning, sunrise) ...(Gray)

7. Tell me, thou (you) star, whose wings of light speed thee( your, you) in thy fiery flight... (Shelley)

Assignment 7. Choose the sentence that shows the meaning of the idiom in italics:

1. That was a slap in the face.

1. Someone hit me in the face.

2. Someone insulted me. оскорбил

3. Someone complimented me.

2. John is wet behind the ears.

1. He didn't dry his ears.

2. He doesn't have much experience.

3. He hears well.

3. They don't see eye to eye. Быть одного мнения

1. They never look at each other.

2. They always wear dark sunglasses.

3. They don't agree with each other.

4. That car is on its last legs. Быть на последнем издыхании