1.1. Identify the gerund in the function of the subject. Give Russian

equivalents as shown in the following examples

Example: Solving the problem is very important.

a) Решение этой проблемы очень важно.

b) Решить эту проблему очень важно.

1. Carrying out experiments is a must with every scientist.

2. Protecting the personnel against radioactive radiation holds an important

place at the atomic power plant.

3. Taking into account individual components resulted in a radical change

of entire system.

4. Forecasting the weather with great accuracy is no easy matter.

5. Programming a computer involves analysing the problem to be solved

and a plan to solve it.

6. Arguing is a good way to make people believe you.

7. Dividing the total charge by the number of ions in the cloud gives the

charge of each ion.

8. Applying powerful machinery and chemical fertilizers means achieving

a tremendous growth of the total amount of agricultural products.

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9. Making these calculations may be a very difficult and time-consuming

procedure.

10. Increasing the proportion of fuel reduces the critical size of the reactor.

1.2. Identify the gerund in the function of the object. Give Russian

equivalents as shown in the following examples

A) Examples:

– We suggest discussing the problem.

a) Мы предлагаем обсудить эту проблему.

b) Мы предлагаем провести обсуждение этой проблемы.

– He hates being asked to repeat experiments several times.

Он не любит, когда его просят повторять экспери-

менты несколько раз.

1. The ammeter stopped working because the coil was short-circuited.

2. Gases and liquids return to their original form as soon as the applied

force has stopped acting.

3. There is hardly any person who likes being criticized.

4. He likes being reminded of things.

5. The ability of a solid to resist being altered in shape is termed rigidity.

B) Examples:

– It is worth considering all the data obtained.

Стоит рассмотреть все полученные данные.

– It is no good (no use) considering all the data obtained.

Не имеет смысла (бесполезно) рассматривать

полученные данные.

– One cannot help considering all the obtained data.

Нельзя не рассмотреть все полученные данные.

1. We cannot help acknowledging the importance of this statement.

2. I couldn’t help mentioning the results of our investigation at this meeting.

3. It is no use devoting too much time to this problem without specifying all

the details of the procedure.

4. It is no use undertaking this research without initiating preliminary studies

of the observational data.

5. It is worth proving the reliability of the data obtained.

C) Example: The scientist succeeded in obtaining reliable results.

Ученому удалось получить надежные результаты.

1. Archimedes is credited with applying huge lenses.

2. They were surprised at being informed of our experiments.

3. Catalysts aid in accelerating reactions.

4. Our success depends on being supplied with the necessary equipment.

5. It was James Clerk Maxwell who first succeeded in evolving a truly

adequate theory of electricity and magnetism.

6. They objected to using greater voltage in this case.

7. The experiment resulted in obtaining valuable data.

8. A cure for the common cold may result from research analyzing the DNA

of a family of viruses.

9. The scientists insisted on using this technique to get better results.

10. This software will prevent a virus from spreading.

D) Example: We have a chance of solving some important problems.

a) У нас есть возможность решить несколько важных

проблем.

b) У нас есть возможность решения несколько важных

проблем.

1. The device has the merit of being suitable for many purposes.

2. The way of avoiding these difficulties is unknown at present.

3. The idea of using this technique is new and somewhat unexpected.

4. There is some reason for questioning this assumption.

5. Scientists were looking for a way of converting solar energy and making

it serve people directly.