Military training in Kazakhstan

1. Sports classes in secondary school; 2. Sports education; 3. Military service; 4. Military education

Negative aspects of military culture

1. Banditism- from organized groupings to irregular activities of small groups and individuals;

2. Racketeering; 3. Criminal gangs; 4. School crimes

Racket in Kz

Typology: social territorial– 1) asphalt (urban) and 2) rural (aul) that differ in object and causes of origin and activities; 3) regional (illegal migration, human and sex trafficking, drugs smuggling, customs control; 4) international (drugs, prostitution). 1 groups are recruited out of deprived urban groupings and specialize in drugs, racketeering of money and clothes from school children, students, small businessmen, prostitutes and women trading in minor market places. Young men (under 30) make up about 60%, and cover over 55 % of all crimes. Scope of activities (regional): whole sale markets (barakholkas), food markets (optovkas). Social basis – young men with physical training, acting or ex-athletes (boxers, wresters, martial arts fighters), with military experience. Nature of activities- organized groups with strong control, conspiracy, hierarchy, discipline.

Aul groupings

Small (3-7 people, from 14 to 20), from the same place and sometimes relatives, jobless, activities- frauds and petty crimes, gambling, patronage of prostitutes. Scope of regional activities- microdistricts, highways sections, suburbs. Very brutal and violent.

Established criminal groupings

The "thieves-in-law" (known as Vory v Zakone in Russian), formed as a society for mutual support within the prison camps of Stalin, and adopted a system of collective responsibility, and swearing a code of "complete submission to the laws of criminal life, including obligations to support the criminal ideal, and rejection of labor and political activities." This group existed throughout the Soviet era and continues today throughout the republics of the former Soviet Union. In this society the thieves-in-law live and obey the "Vorovskoy Zakon", the thieves code. The members are bound by 18 codes and if they are broken, the transgression is punishable by death. In 2010 annual losses from corruption are in Kazakhstan 4 bln. 901 mln. tenge (about $33,6 mln.). Total number of corruption crimes – for 2010 - 1,5 thous. 77% of resources were returned to state budget.

Ranking-

1 place-South Kazakhstan oblast– 229 crimes.

2- Jambyl oblast

3- East –Kazakhstan oblast

4- Almatinskaya oblast

5- Karaganda