- •Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •Read the text.
- •Comprehension check.
- •Word- building.
- •Lexical exercises.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word- building.
- •6. Summary.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Lexical exercises.
- •6. Summary.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •6 .Lexical exercises.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Lexical exercises.
- •5. Summary.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Lexical exercise.
- •6. Summary.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •Igneous rocks: the origins of magma
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Lexical exercises.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Lexical exercises.
- •1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Lexical exercises.
- •6. Summary.
- •1. Read and translate the following words and word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Lexical exercises.
- •1. Read and translate the following words and word combinations.
- •2. Read the text.
- •3. Comprehension check.
- •4. Word-building.
- •5. Lexical exercises.
- •6. Summary.
3. Comprehension check.
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What planets are called terrestrial and Jovian?
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What are the three major layers of the Earth?
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What is called planetesimals?
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How does the Sun still generate its energy?
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What is the crust composed of?
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What is the core mainly composed of?
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What is the outermost layer of the Earth?
4. Word- building.
a) State to what part of speech the following words belong and translate them into Russian:
Form – forming – formation; calculate – calculator – calculation; discuss – discussion – discussible; rotate – rotating – rotation; gravity – gravitation – gravitational; add – addition – additional; attract – attracted – attraction; combine – combiner – combination.
b) Translate the words paying attention to the suffix – ly:
Primarily; mostly; geologically; originally; entirely; commonly; considerably; gradually; simultaneously; correctly; initially.
5. Lexical exercises.
Complete the following sentences:
-
The thin zone near the Earth surface that is inhabited by life is . . . .
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Paleontologists are geologists who study . . . .
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Geologists have divided the Earth’s history into units displayed in the . . . . The units are called . . . .
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The inner dense hot part of the Earth composed of iron and nickel is the . . . .
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A thick layer, composed mainly of solid rock, which surrounds the core is . .
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A thin surface veneer composed of rock is the . . . .
6. Summary.
Geology is the study of the Earth including the materials that it is made of, the physical and chemical changes that occur on its surface and in its interior, and the history of the planet and its life forms.
Most of the Earth is composed of rocks, and rocks are composed of minerals. Internal processes move continents and cause earthquakes and volcanoes. Surface processes sculpt mountains and valleys. The hydrosphere consists of water in streams, lakes, and oceans; in the atmosphere; and frozen in glaciers. It also includes ground water that soaks soil and rock to a depth of 2 or 3 kilometers.
The atmosphere is a mixture of gases, mostly nitrogen and oxygen. Ninety-nine percent is concentrated in the first 30 kilometers. Organisms of the biosphere affect Earth’s surface processes and the compositions of the hydrosphere and atmosphere.
The 4.6-billion-year history of the Earth is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs.
The Solar System formed from dust and gases that rotated slowly in space.
The modern Earth is made up of a dense core of iron and nickel, a rocky mantle of lower density, and a crust of yet lower density. One hypothesis states that both a core and mantle existed in the earliest Earth. An alternative hypothesis states that the Earth was initially homogenous.
Unit II MINERALS
1. Read and translate the following word combinations.
Chemical elements and a crystalline structure; natural processes; to be manufactured by industrial processes; to be produced by living organisms; to be formed independently of life; a fundamental particle; undulating path; positively charged protons; uncharged neutrons; equal number of protons and electrons; to be completely filled with electrons; to occur naturally in the Earth’s crust; throughout the halite crystal; well-developed crystal faces; common accessory minerals; ore minerals; to be mined; extraction of metals; nearly pure calcite; elements bonded together in definite proportions; to link together; to evaporate; to precipitate; rock-forming minerals; sheetrock.