Present Simple S+V(s)
Действие происходит постоянно, обычно.
Слова показатели: usually, often, sometimes, seldom, always, every day (week, month)
I (we, you, they) speak English very well.
Do you want to speak English very well?
We do not (don't) want to speak English very well.
He (she, it) wants to speak English very well.
Does he want to speak English very well?
She does not (doesn't) want to speak English well.
Специальные вопросы: where, when, why, etc.
When do you go to school?
Вопросы к подлежащему (who, which of …, whose one) не имеют вспомогательных глаголов и форма предложения как he (she, it).
Who wants to speak English very well?
Which of students wants to speak English very well?
Whose son knows English well?
but Whose sons know English well?
Present continuous S+to be+ Ving
Действие происходит в данный момент, действие длящееся, продолжающееся.
Слова показатели: now, at the moment.
I am sitting now.
Am I sitting now?
I am not sitting now.
He (she, it) is reading a book at the moment.
Is he reading a book at the moment?
She is not reading a book at the moment.
We (you, they) are reading a book at the moment.
Are you reading a book?
You are not reading a book.
Глаголы выражающие чувства и деятельность мозга не используются в Present continuous:
want need like know belong hear forget
prefer love hate seem see mean understand
have (обладать) think (считать, полагать).
I see a cat. I don't hear you.
I have a nice pen. I am having a lesson.
I think that she is a nice girl.
What are you doing here? I am thinking of a plan.
Present perfect continuous S+have been+Ving
Действие продолжается определенный промежуток времени. Действие длится с какого-то момента до настоящего.
Слова показатели: for, since, all day long, the whole day (week, month, year, life)
I (we, they, you) have been reading for 20 minutes.
Have you been reading a book since the morning?
They have not been reading a book for 20 minutes.
He (she, it) has been reading a book for 20 minutes.
Has he been reading a book for 20 minutes?
She has not been reading a book for 20 minutes.
Present perfect S+ have + V(3) (Ved)
Действие произошло когда-то, результат имеем сейчас.
Слова показатели: for, since, just, already, yet, by now, before, never, ever, this week (month, year), for a long time, lately, recently, many times.
I (we, they, you) have brought a book.
Have you done many exercises?
They have not come yet.
He (she, it) has already called two times today.
Has she ever been to the theatre?
She has never met this man before.
Past Simple S + Ved (V2)
Действие происходило всегда, обычно, постоянно или произошло когда-то.
Слова показатели: yesterday, last time(week, month, year), in 1989, when, a week ago, in the evening.
I (he, she, it, they, we, you)
Yesterday I watched a TV set.
Did- вспомогательный глагол.
Did he want to be a spacemen?
They did not(didn't) watch TV.
They began to work very early.
Did they begin to work?
I (he, she, it) was a doctor.
Was I a doctor?
I was not(wasn't) a doctor.
We (they, you) were very happy yesterday.
Were you very happy yesterday?
We were not(weren't) very happy yesterday.
Past Continuous (Progressive) S+ was\were + Ving
Действие происходило в конкретный момент в прошлом.
Слова показатели: at that time yesterday, at 5 o'clock, when he came, the whole evening.
I (he, she, it) was playing football at 6 o'clock.
Was I playing football?
I was not(wasn't) playing football.
You (we, they) were cleaning a room.
Were you cleaning a room?
You were not (weren't) cleaning a room.
Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
S + had been + Ving
Действие продолжалось промежуток времени до определенного момента в прошлом.
Слова показатели:
before , for, since the time when, by.
I (he, she, it, they, we, you) had been learning French for 5 years before I entered the institute.
Had I been learning French for 5 years before I entered the institute?
I hadn't been learning French for 5 years before I entered the institute.
When the telephone rang he put away the book which he had been reading (for 4 hours).
Past Perfect S + had + Ved (V3)
Действие произошло, был результат к определенному моменту в прошлом.
Слова показатели: by 5 o'clock, by the end of the day ,before he came, after, as soon as, when.
We had played chess before he came.
Had we played chess before he came?
We had not (hadn't) played chess before he came.
After we had cleaned the flat, we went for a walk.
After the rain had stopped the sun went out.
Future Simple. S + shall/will + V
Действие произойдёт когда-то в будущем, мы надеемся, думаем или произойдет при каком-то условии.
I (we) shall go to the country tomorrow.
Shall I go to the country tomorrow?
I shall not (shan't ) go to the country tomorrow.
He (she, it, they, you) will go to the country tomorrow.
Will he go to the country tomorrow?
He will not(won't) go to the country tomorrow.
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Для выражения будущего времени в условных предложениях (if, when, as soon as, before, until, till, after) используется настоящее простое время.
We shall go to the country tomorrow if we are not busy.
When he comes I shall call you.
After I clean my room I shall go for a walk.
Future continuous S + will(shall) + be + Ving
Действие будет происходить в конкретный момент в будущем.
Слова показатели: tomorrow at this time,
I (we) shall be reading a book tomorrow at 5 o'clock.
Shall I be reading a book tomorrow at 5 o'clock?
I shall not (shan't) be reading a book tomorrow at 5 o'clock.
He (she, it, they, you) will be reading a book tomorrow at 5 o'clock.
Will he be reading a book tomorrow at 5 o'clock?
He will not (won't) be reading a book tomorrow at 5 o'clock.
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Для выражения будущего времени в условных предложениях (if, when, as soon as, before, until, till, after) используется настоящее простое время.
We shall be cooking, if he comes at 4 o'clock.
Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
S + will (shall) + have been + Ving
Действие будет происходить в какой-то промежуток времени до определенного момента в будущем.
Слова показатели: for 5 years, by, by the time when.
I (we) shall have been studying French for 5 years when we finish school.
Shall I have been doing my home work for 2 hours by the time she comes.
I shall not (shan't) have been cooking for 50 minutes when he comes.
He (she, it, they, you) will have been watching TV for an hour when his mother comes.
Will he have been watching TV for an hour when his mother comes?
Не will not (won't) have been watching TV for an hour when his mother comes.
Future Perfect S + shall (will) + have + V3
Действие произойдет к определённому моменту в будущем.
Слова показатели:by, by this time, as soon as he comes, before.
I (we) shall have played basketball by 5 o'clock.
Shall I have played basketball by 5 o'clock?
I shall not (shan't) have played basketball by 5 o'clock.
He (she, it, they, you) will have played basketball by 5 o'clock.
Will he have played basketball by 5 o'clock?
He will not (won't) have played basketball by 5 o'clock.
Future Simple in the past S + would + V
Исходя из прошлого, мы думаем, что мы сделаем или что произойдёт в будущем (я думаю, он придёт).
I (we, she, he, it, they, you) would read a book.
Would I read a book?
I would not read a book.
В условных предложениях для выражения будущего времени в прошедшем используется прошедшее простое.
We will call you, if he comes.
We said we would call you, if he came.
If the weather is good, we will go to the country.
They said if the weather was good, they would go to the country.
They will go to the cinema, if she comes.
They said, they would go to the cinema, as soon as she came.
Future Continuous in the Past. S+ would be+Ving
Исходя из прошлого мы думаем что действие будет происходить в определенный момент.
I (we, she, he, it, they, you) would be reading a book.
Would I be reading a book?
I would not (wouldn't) be reading a book.
I will be playing chess with my father at 3 o'clock.
He said that I would be playing chess with my father at 3 o'clock.
If we come at 5 o'clock she will be cooking.
She said that if we came at 5 o'clock she would be cooking.