Вариант 2 text а the history of fire protection and prevention

The efforts to protect property and prevent fires were made in Rome in about 300 В.С. Historians record that a band of slaves was given the task of watching for fires from a high hill and of warning the citizens of fire This type of captive fire watch was continued until the reign of Caesar Augustus (27 ВС - 14 AD)

Under Caesar Augustus the first municipal-type fire department appeared. The command structure was almost identical to that is used by fire department today.

There were 7 squads ( fire-fighting forces) that contained from 100 to 1 000 men per squad. Each man within each squad had to fulfill a particular task. For example, he could be a water carrier or perhaps a pump supervisor. Each squad had a supervising officer, who could be compared with the present day battalion chief.

When a fire occurred, Roman law demanded that the responsibility and the cause of the fire must be determined.

1. Прочтите текст.

2. Дайте английские соответствия:

Защищать собственность, предотвращать пожары, вахта по наблюдению за огнем, силы пожарной охраны, причины пожара, командная структура, в отряде, оператор насосной установки.

3. Из первых двух абзацев текста выпишите предложения с глаголом ‘to be’. Определите, является он вспомогательным или смысловым. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

4. Образуйте степени сравнения прилагательных high и particular.

5. Выпишите предложения с модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами (3) и переведите их на русский язык

6. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению в Present Simple и Past Simple, подчеркните глаголы и переведите предложения на русский язык.

7. Найдите в тексте числительные и запишите их словами.

8. Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие пассивный залог, выпишите одно из них и переведите его на русский язык. Text в application of water

Water is the most effective agent for the extinction of fires of ordinary combustible materials, and water is the fireman's best friend. It is predominant because it is cheap and plentiful, and its high latent heat of vaporization renders it suitable for cooling purposes.

Water is usually applied with force in the form of a jet to the heart of a fire, but a spray may be preferable in some circumstances.

Although water is the most effective extinguishing agent for fires of ordinary combustible materials, there are some either hazards or ineffectiveness.

Water is a good conductor of electricity and if applied as a jet on live electrical apparatus or wiring it will place the fireman in danger of electric shock. When it is not possible to extinguish these fires by other means, e.g. carbon dioxide and the cooling effect of water is necessary, the apparatus and wiring must be made electrically dead before jets are applied.

It should not be used on materials which react chemically with it. Sodium, potassium and calcium may ignite on contact with water, calcium carbide when wetted gives off inflammable gas acetylene. Water on burning magnesium or titanium is decomposed, and the danger of explosion appears.

Water is generally unsuitable for fires involving oils and other inflammable liquids or fats, but in some circumstances it may be applied with caution in the form of sprays. It must be remembered that when water comes into contact with hot oil, violent eruptions or foaming may occur.

1. Сделайте письменный перевод текста.

2. Выпишите слова с окончанием -s, определите, к какой части речи они

относятся.

3. Выпишите из текста местоимения, определите, к какому типу они относятся (личные, притяжательные указательные и т.д.).

4. Задайте все типы вопросов к предложению:

In some circumstances the danger of explosion appears.

5. Найдите в пятом абзаце текста причастия I и причастия II, выпишите их, переведите письменно на русский язык.

6. Составьте резюме:

1) Name/Surname

2. Address

3. Telephone No.

4. Date and Place of Birth

5. Nationality

6. Marital status

7. Education

8. Languages

9. Courses and professional training

10. Work experience

11. Computer skills

12. Interests