- •Common carriers
- •Private carriers
- •4. Common law obligations of carriers. Common law exemptions from carriers liability ynder the Hague-Visby Rules. Common low obligations of carriers
- •Common law exceptions from liability
- •5. Type of loss. Example of atl and ctl
- •1) Actual total loss (atl) may occur in 4 ways:
- •2) There is a constructive total loss (ctl) in the following cases:
- •1) Фактические суммарные потери (atl) могут возникать четырьмя способами:
- •2) Существует конструктивная полная потеря (ctl) в следующих случаях:
- •6. Particular average: definition. Particular average compared to general average. Example.
- •The main objectives of the York-Antwerp Rules. Rule a ga definition.
- •Extraordinary expenditures and sacrifices. Examples.
- •Interested parties in ga and their relative interests in the maritime venture.
- •Documents and evidence required from a ship in case of ga.
- •Cargo related incidents— documentary evidence
- •11. Ships agent and surveyors in ga. The procedure and the purposes of noting a sea protest.
- •12. Collisions: definition. Evidence prior to a collision and after a collision.
- •13. Sea protest. The structure of sp. The procedure and the purposes of noting a sea protest.
- •Evidence required in a collision when a vessel is under pilotage, anchored or moored.
- •Vessel under pilotage or in congested waters
- •Vessel moored
- •Interactive Root Causes Analysis. Definition. The main purpose of irca. 5 Whys method.
- •The main purpose of accident investigation and the main reasons for doing it.
- •3 Cause levels. Their definitions and examples.
- •Direct causes
- •Root causes
- •Reporting incident and accident onboard. The key stages in the accident investigation.
- •Near miss reports
- •Frauds with documents and cargo. Four scenarios.
- •Common law obligations of carriers. Common Law exemptions from carrier’s liability.
- •The objectives of the Hague-Visby Rules. Liabilities of carrier under the Hague-Visby Rules.
- •The exemptions from the carrier’s liability under the Hague-Visby Rules: Article 4, Rule 2(a).
- •Types of loss. Examples of actual total loss and constructive total loss.
- •Particular average: definition. Particular average compared to general average. Examples.
- •The main objectives of the York-Antwerp Rules. Rule a: ga definition.
- •Extraordinary expenditures and sacrifices. Examples.
- •Interested parties in ga and their relative interests in the maritime venture.
- •Documents and evidence required from a ship in a case of ga.
- •Collisions: definitions. Evidence prior to a collision and after a collision.
- •Sea protest. The procedure and the purposes of noting a sea protest.
- •Evidence required in a collision when a vessel is under pilotage, anchored or moored.
- •18.Interactive Root Cause Analysis illustrated with one of the cases.
- •The main purpose of accident investigation and the main reasons for doing it.
- •20. Reporting incidents and accidents on board. The key stages in the accident investigation.
- •4. 3 Purposes for deviation from the route of the voyage.
- •8.Ga contribution , bond and guarantee.
- •9.Ga adjuster and ga adjustment.
- •10.Ship’s agents and surveyors in ga.
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Types of loss. Examples of actual total loss and constructive total loss.
Total losses may be categorized as:
a) actual total losses
b) constructive total losses
A) An Actual total loss may occur in 4 ways.
where insured cargo is destroyed , where a ship is wrecked or burnt or where goods are crushed in the collapse of a stow of cargo
where goods change their character
where the ship is sunk in very deep water and it's cant to rise Insured cargo
where the ship is missing
B) Constructive total loss.
it is when the cost of recovering the ship or goods would exceed their value when recovered.
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Particular average: definition. Particular average compared to general average. Examples.
A particular average loss is a partial insured loss, caused by a peril
A particular Average is an accidental loss which concerns only the owner of the damaged cargo.
Particular Average is a partial loss
1. due to purely accidental causes, fire, collisions
2. which is borne by the owners of the damaged cargo, ship or cargo, as the case may be.
General Average is a partial loss
1.reasonably incurred in time of peril for the safety of the joint adventure
2.which is contributed to by the owners of all property saved ship, freight and cargo
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The main objectives of the York-Antwerp Rules. Rule a: ga definition.
The object of general average is to ensure that the owner of a vessel or cargo who has incurred an expenditure or suffered a sacrifice of his property in order to extricate the vessel from a perilous position a contribution to his loss from all those who have benefit from the action.
A general average is a partial loss incurred through a deliberate act performed with the intention of preserving all the property involved in a voyage from a danger which threatens them all
The York-Antwerp Rules - are a set of internationally rules, to enable the assessment of each party's general average contribution after an incident in which was general average. Are no incorporated into national law, but accepted by shippers, shipowners, and insurers.
They are in a contact of carriage in a General Average Clause.
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Extraordinary expenditures and sacrifices. Examples.
The expense of hiring lighters for storing cargo in which efforts to refloat a vessel take place
The expense of hiring a tug with fire-fighting equipment to extinguish a fire on board a vessel
Port of refuge expenses
Salvage charges
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Interested parties in ga and their relative interests in the maritime venture.
In GA will be interested adjuster, and we must hire technical vessel, solicitors, barristers, surveyors, stevedores, labours, tugs, barges, cranes, authorities., wages and provisions to crew.
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Documents and evidence required from a ship in a case of ga.
Log extracts and records from vessel, vessel certificates, crew list, condition reports, mate’s receipt, bill of lading , charterparty, crew documents , letters of protest, engine logs, cargo log book entries, bridge log book entries and also many many documents about the vessel conditions.
GA Bond (расписка по общей аварии) - подписывают shipper & receiver.
GA Guarantie - подписывают cargo underwriters.
Estimate - перечень всего , смета.