AnCXT_met_20160526

I UR

U

U

. 15.

, I.

1.5 ,

R = UR / I = (U – U ) / I = (9.3 – 2) / 0.0015 = 4866,7 .

, , 4.7 .

,

(9.3 – 2) / 4700 = 0,00155 = 1.55 ,

.

.

.

4.« »

. « »

« » ( ), – .

« » 1

.

«1 » . .

5.:

– ;

: 1 ;

: 2.5 ( VPP = 5 );

: +2.5 .

6.( . . 16),

:

: 1;

: 1, ,

+1…2 ;

1: 500 ;

Y 1: 2 ;

1: «DC Coupling»;

1 – «1 ».

— 21 —

. 16.

7. « » 1

:

;

;

;

;

.

,

(1 , 1 , 5 , 0.5 , 0.5 ).

8. ,

,

) 2-3 .

. ( . . 17).

. 17.

9.«Slope: falling» (

) . (

)

.

10.(500 ).

1 «AC coupling». ,

,

1.

—22 —

11. 1 , – 500

, Y = 5 . , «AC coupling»

( . . 18, ).

. 18. 1

«AC coupling» ( ) «DC coupling» ( )

, «AC coupling»

, , ,

.

. 18, .

, .

1 «DC coupling», ,

. 18, .

12. +U

. 1 .

0.1 ,

. ;

, 20…30 .

— 23 —

2.RC-

— R ,

,

.

1.,

.

.

(

).

.

.

.

, , .

.

.

. ,

:

( . 19).

R

IR

L

IL

1

C

I 1

1

< 2

1

> 2

2

2

UR

( ) =

UL

( ) =

U

( ) = ( )

( )

( )

. 19.

. ,

.

Z

. 20.

,

, , , «

» ( . 21).

, U2(t) . 21 ( )

U1(t) .

,

( ),

, .

— 24 —

ZR

ZR

Z

ZR = R

= 0

ZL = L

= +90

Z = 1/

= –90

+90

–90

+90

–90

R u, i

u

i

L u, i

u i

C u, i

i

u

u

i

t

u

i

t

t = /

t

t = /

. 20. Z,

, :- ; - ; - .

U1(t)	U2(t) U1(t)	U2(t)
U1(t)		U2(t)

. 21. : - ;- ; -

,

:

(1) U1(t) = U 1 sin[ t+ 1 )],

— 25 —

, ,

, ,

, :

(2) U2(t) = U 2 sin[ t+ 1 ) + 2 )].

,

,

(3)K(j )=U2 / U1

(4)K(j ) = ) exp(j )),

K ) – .

)

Um2 Um1.

( ).

( )

.

–

,

:

(5)K )= K1 ) K2 ) ... Kn )

(6))= 1 )+ 2 )+ 3 )+...+ n )

(4)

:

(7) K(j ) = A+jB ),

– .

, (7),
							+ ( )
			(8) K )=
(4)									K ):
			(9)						( )
),							, (7) :
		,
				( ) =
:
	z = + jb,
	z =a – jb.
	, = a2 + b2;

z1 = 1 + jb1 z2= 2 + jb2, z1 + z2 = (a1 + 2) + j(b1+b2); z1 z2 = (a1a2 – b1b2) +

j(a1b2 + 2b1).

z1/z2 + jb

z2.

R ( . 21, ). ,

. ( ).
U2
.			I = U1						/ Z, Z –
,
	= +				=
( )
						:
(10)

U2 :

— 26 —

		(11)
	(11)
						=									=
		(12)
					,
																															1/RC,
	RC ( ) =																		=
, . 0 = 1/RC
		(13)																								.
(12),															:
			(		) =																		=
	(13) , (8), ,
(9):
				( ) =															=
		(15)
		(14)
						( ) =
. 22 . 23.
	K( )
	1
	0.8	0,707
	0.6
	0.4
	0.2
	0																															/ 0
	0	1				2							3												4						5
2	. 22. R
	,
1/ ( 0.707)
,																																.
= 0 = 1 / RC. -45 :
	0	1				2							3												4						5	/ 0
	0

-22.5

-45

-67.5

-90 ( ), .

. 23. RC-

— 27 —

, ( ) ,

. ( ), ,

,

.

( . 21, ).

,						U1,																				(10). ,
,				R,
							= =									– U2. :
	(16)
K(j )				=		U2/U1 0																				= 1/RC,
		(		)		= =													=
(17)
R,			, :
(8) (9) :
				( ) =									=
	(19)
	(18)
						( ) =
. 24 . 25.
K( )
1
0.8
0.6	0,707
0.4
0.2
0																													/ 0
0	1			2							3								4								5

. 24. R

( ), .

90
67.5
45
22.5
0	/ 0

	0	1	2	3	4	5
	. 25. RC-
	,
	0, [ ],

— 28 —

f0, (1 = 1 ). , f

( ) : = f; = 1/f.

f

, . .

…0.01; 0.1; 1; 10; 100 … . ., …0.01f0, 0.1f0, 1f0, 10f0, 100f0…, f0 – ac a

. – ,

( ) ,

( )					– f0
.
K ) K(f)
U2 U1 –			(	) = 20			= 20
[ ]:
		(20)
	,
f.							K )

, , (5),

Ki ) . 0.707, -

2

( ),

–20 lg(1/ ) –3 .

, ,

( . . 26). . 26, ,

( ) , f0 ( , .

. 26, ). .

10 .

	K (f)			K (f)
	0			0
	-20			-20
	-40			-40
	-60			-60
	-80			-80
	-100		f / f0	-100		f / f0
	0.000001 0.001	1		0.000001 0.001	1
			1000			1000
	0.000001 0.001	1	1000	(f)
	0		f / f0	90
	-22.5			67.5
	-45			45
	-67.5			22.5
	-90			0		f / f0
				0.000001 0.001	1	1000
	(f)

. 26. ( ) ( )

,

( ). . 27.

— 29 —

	U3(t)
U1(t)	U2(t)	U1(t)	U2(t)
.	27. : – RC; -
–

.

RC ,

, .

K(j ) , . ,

, ,

.

RC

, . 28,

, .

U1

R X. U3.

	U3(t)
U1(t)	U1(t)	U3(t)

. 28. RC-

R-X

, . ,

U = U R / (R + R ), R R –

, . :

(21)U3 = U1 X / (R + X).

, (U2)

R ( . . 27, ).

U2 ,

(22)

U2

= U3 R / (R + Z)

.

,

, :

(22) – (21), :

=

(23)

=

)( ) = )( )

=

, .

C Z
R, (R + Z).
(24)	= )) = )
, R = R1R2	/ (R1+ R2),

(23), :

— 30 —