AnCXT_met_20160526

(44)I = I + I = I + I = (1+ ) I ,

I – ; I – ; – ( = I /

I ).

I ,

IVD U ,

I , ,

R :		=
	(45)

, VT,

, I :

(46)PVT = (U – U ) I

, , ,

. U

, ,

. ,

±10%,

0% ,

U

U , 25%.

(U –U ), U « »

, , , PVT,

, .

50%.

(47)2U U 1.25U

(R = ) I , ,

R , VD.

. R ,

R , I IVD. I ,

,

=

(48)

R VD.

,

UVD .

rVD = = ( . 3.2.):

(49)

— 41 —

. 37. ( )

( )

( . . 37, ),

Imin

Imax.

4.2.2.

( )

,

.

,

.

,

( . . 38).

. 38. :

– ;

–

, . 38, .

.

, R1R2

VT, U

. VD

, , .

U [ ]

— 42 —

.	(50) U = U – U = U – 0.65
				=			–
U = UVD –
				R
I :		=
	(51)		.
				VT
U = U – (R I + R I ). ,
R ,	VT
(U 1 ).

1.( . 39),

.

U

R

U

. 39.

R ,

.

U

.

2 191 ,

0.1 , – 20 .

, 9.1 ,

9.2 15 , .

,

, R min = (U max – U ) / Imax = (15 – 9.1) / 0.02 = 300.

, R max = (U min – U ) / Imin = (9.2 – 9.1) / 0.0001 = 1000 = 1 .

,

25% 9.1+25% = 11.375 ,

R , 1 . ,

,

.

2..

0 15 1 ,

( 4). ,

. ,

0.2 .

—43 —

4.

	0	1	…	15
U
U			…
UR

,

,

600-700 .

.

, U

R [ ], , R = 1 ,

[ ].

3.( . 40).

U

U

R

R

U

. 40.

R ,

, .1.

4. ,

U = f(U ). U ,

, 8 15 1 .

5).

5.

U (U )	8	9	…	15
U R = 1
U R = 499 (
)
U R = 220 (
)

,

, , 0.7 .

U

.

5.

( . 41).

— 44 —

	I
U
R
	)
	499
R
	2.2

. 41.

R
I :	0,65
=

: U = U , ,

R .

R , .

, , ,

,

(R ). , , , . ,

, IR , , .

6.. R

2.2 .

.

8 15 , ( ),

. :

, .

.

.

7.R

.

.

.

6.

U (U )		8	9	…	15
I R = 2.2
I R = 1
I R = 499 (
)
, , ,
.
8.	,

V.

— 45 —

n-p-n 546.

2., ,

.

3..

( 5 ).

– , ,

, .

. , ,

. ,

, .

.

.

, ,

.

. 100%

,

.

U C

C

U

. 42.

, ,

: ( ) (

).

, – . ,

. ( 1 ),

. .

— 46 —

, ,

.

I U

. . 42, ). , U

, -

.

U , 0.5-0.6 .

( . . 42, )

: U .

, ,

( . I I

U -U ).

I	I	I 4 > I
		I 3 > I
	I	I 2 > I

3

2

1

			I 1
0	U U U	0 U	U	U

. 43. ( ) ( )

U > U ,

, I I . U

, . I U

R . I

( . U > U ),

:

(52)I h21 I .

. I I

U .

U = – U , .

.

, I .

.

U

(U < U ) 0.2-0.3 .

U 100

U , 0.7 .

, ,

:

(53)I = (U + – U ) / R , I = (U – U ) / R U / R

—47 —

U + – , ( ), U –

.

U + < U ,

.

.

U = – U , I = h21 I , I – ,

. (52)

(54)I > I = I / h21 ,

I > I = U / (R h21 ).

,

(55)K = I / I = h21 I / I = h21 I R / U .

,

( ),

,

.

, .

, , .

. C ( . . 42).

. 44.

. 44.

R >> RK h21 ( ., ,

), , R .

			,
											(
U - U +),
			+ ) –		( ) ( )
	= R (C			(56)										,
				.
,						U								U		, (56),
:					U (t)
						=
				(57)								.

— 48 —

U

,

( . . 45).

U	t

t

I

I

t

t0

t1 t2

t3

t4

t5

U

U

t

t t

t t

. 45.

t1 ,

.

. ,

. t

:	=
(58)

– . (58)

, : ,

,

,

.

,

U -, ,
				( ).
,
			=
. ,
									.
t4 ( . . 45),
							I
,

. t = t4–t3

					.
	=
(59)								,

— 49 —

.

,

, , U .

, , .

, ,

C C .

,

: (60) = (3. .5) ( ).

. ,

: , n-p-n ,

.

. , (58)

I

, t (59). ,

.

				, ,																.
,
,															.
, R ( . .
46, ). .															.
								(0)
	,
		,														,		–
													(0)
				.
			,												, .
										.
					U
					U		+
							-														t
					U
					I
				I	+	(0)
					I	+
																					t
				I	-	(0)

. 46. ( )

( )

t ,

t . , C

— 50 —