AnCXT_met_20160526

	=	( )		=			=			=			=
(25)			( )
					( )				( ) ( )
( )						( )
( . 27, ).
												C
. U1, –																U2.

(R + Z), – ( R Z/(R + Z) ).

(26)
:
	=		= ( ) = ( ) = ( ) =

, (26)

RC- (25) .

,

	(8)										(9). ,																												,
	Z				.
				(				)
	, ,																																																						– ,
							.																															,
						(27)
														( )
																													R :
																													2
					(28)															=
	1/RC = 0 ( )																											(28),
																				=0
	:
	(29)
		(	) =									=																			=
	C
	, :
					(				)		=
		(30)																															=																			=
													(							)		=
																																:
							(31)

(32)	( ) =
(8) (9):

— 31 —

(33)

( ) =

,

, . 29.

K (f)

0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100		0.001	1		f / f0
0.000001					1000
(f)
90
45
0					f / f0
0.000001	0.0001	0.01	1	100	10000
-45

-90

. 29.

RC-

f0,

f f ( . . 30). K(f)MAX

1/3.

K(f) 0.4

0.3		K(f)MAX
				K(f)MAX 0.707
0.2
0.1
0							f
0.1f0		f f0 f			10f	0

. 30. ,

,

. , Y (« »), ( ).

, –

. .

, .

— 32 —

1.( )

:

1.

1		RC
2
3		RC
4
5		RC
6
7		RC
8
9		RC
10

,

.
2.	f	f0
.
3.	.

±1 f f0 (

2).

,

, , – .

= 2 f . . 31).
.	,
.	U (t)
U (t)		U (t)		U (t)

T/2		< 0	> 0
					T/2

. 31.

— 33 —

2.

f,

U , U ,

0.1f0

…

…

10

,

.

4.

.

.

( ) ,

, .

— 34 —

– ,

,

.

1.,

n-p-n 546.

.

.

.

4.U = +12 .

( . 2.1, , ).

.

( ).

.

,

,

.

. 32. :

- ;

-

— 35 —

. 33. .

U 1 . ,

, U

U /2. U +7 U = 12 .

,

. I U = 0

, , I = 5 .

( . 32, ) I

, .

U I

R , I :

(34)R = (U – U ) / I ; I = I /

– .

= :

,

(

) , , , . ,

– ,

,

.

,

, . 32, .

, , R1, R2,

						R1 R2:
			(36)
				0.65
					=
, U , . U = U		– 0.65. ,
, .			.	=
			(37)

— 36 —

, R , R .

, U , a c (36) –

R1, R2. , ,

R1, R2. I

(34), a – ,

.

R1 R2. ,

c , R .

( . 34). I = 5 , U = 12 , U = 7 ,

R :

(38)R = (U – U ) / I = (12 – 7) / 0.005 = 1000 = 1 .

R ,

(U = 0.65 ) ,

= 100:

(39) R = ((U – U ) / I ) = ((U – U ) / (I / )) = ((12 – 0.65) / (0.005 / 100)) = 2.27·105 = 227 .

,

. R

– , 100

, 470 .

, .

,

, .

2. ( )

. ,

(

U = 7 ).

100

U = +12

470

R

R

R

U = U

10

100

U

. 34.

3.20...30 , U

U . ,

.

4.R .

, R ,

.

.

—37 —

C 100 R 10

. .

100. ,

,

– . ,

10 ( . 1.2.2.4), .

(1 )

, .

U U

ku = U / U .

7.R

, 1 )

U . :

= ( 1)

8. R

R (

). R ,

R = U / I .

		3.
		U
		U
		R ( I )
		( I )
		U
		U
		ku
		UR
		I
		R
		U
		U
		R

9. .

ku 10, RK

(1 ) :

(40)R = RK / ku = 1000 / 10 = 100 .

— 38 —

R1

U = +12

R

10

U

R

U

2.2

100

R

R2

100

4.7

. 35.

I ( ,

, 5 ), :

(41)U = U + 0.65 = I ·R + 0.65 = 0.005·100 + 0.65 = 1.15 .

U , R1R2,

R2/(R2+R1). R1 R2, IR1R2. ,

; IR1R2 = 20·I = 20·I .

. ( = 100)

:

(42)(R1 + R2) = U / IR1R2 = (U · ) / (20 · I ) =

=(12·100) / (20·0.005) = 12000 = 12 .

,

R1 10 , R2 –

4.7 .

, , ,

R 2.2 ,

.

,

R2.

11., .3 .5-8 .

.

0.

— 39 —

4.

–

,

.

1.,

.

2.,

n-p-n BC546.

«+» ,

«-» .

.

4..

( , +U )

( , +U , –U ) .

, ,

, .

,

.

. ,

, –

.

( ) ( .3.1).

. 36. .

.

(U ) « » (

), . UVD,

(U ):

(43)U = UVD – U

U 0.65

. , UVD

U

.

(I ), VT,

— 40 —