- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 water – nature’s treasure or …?
- •Answer the following questions. Work in groups of four.
- •2. Read the text «What is Water» and find out whose ideas were closest to the facts. What is Water?
- •3. Work in pairs. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Work in pairs. One student reads the given statements, the other pretends that he does not hear and asks him/her to repeat. Take turns.
- •5. Read the situations suggested choose the one you like, make up a dialogue and act it out.
- •6. Role play.
- •Imagine that you are one of the water states: ice, gas or water vapor. What’s happening with you?
- •7. You are a citizen of a big city who is very concerned with water resources problems. Write an article. Touch upon the following aspects.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 hydrogeology
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •Read the text “Hydrogeology: Key Terms and Concepts”, fulfill the exercises. Hydrogeology
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •7. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
- •Answer the following questions.
- •9. Pay attention to the terms and expressions in the text.
- •Joseph Lucas and the Term "Hydrogeology"
- •11. These dates are the stages of hydrogeology term
- •12. Fill in the chart with the necessary information from the text.
- •13. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.
- •Unconfined Aquifer
- •15. Read the texts once more carefully and choose the correct alternative for these words and words combinations.
- •16. Find in the texts words with the opposite meaning to the following ones.
- •17. Match the words in the right column with the words in the left one.
- •18. Read underlined key hydrogeology terms and fulfill the after-reading exercises.
- •19.Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •20. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •21. Look at the diagrams below and describe them. Use the following words and word combinations.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 the circulation of water in the interior of the earth
- •1. Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrologic cycle”. Pay attention to the diagram. Fulfill the exercises after the text.
- •Hydrologic Cycle
- •Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •4. Match the terms with definitions.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the missing words. Don’t change the form given.
- •6. For questions 1-10 read the text below. Use the words in the box to the right of the text to form one word that fits in the same numbered space in the text. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- •7. Discussion- You have to give a lecture on “Hydrologic cycle”. Use the keys and diagram.
- •8. Now look at the keys for 45 seconds, try to remember the terms. Close your course book and write down the words. Be honest! The person who has more words is the winner.
- •9. Look at the schematic illustration of the hydrologic cycle for 30 seconds and then try to draw it. Afterwards ask your partner to describe it.
- •10. Work in groups and discuss your opinions. Can your group reach an agreement? Read the quotation of the famous hydrogeologist b.L.Lichkov and share your ideas.
- •11. Now prepare a presentation “The Hydrological Cycle” for the Student Science Conference. The following plan and phrases will help you. Plan
- •Useful phrases and expressions
- •Wordlist
- •References
- •Часть II
Answer the following questions. Work in groups of four.
Is life on Earth possible without water? Why?
What are the main characteristics of water?
Where does water occur?
What is the composition of water?
What is hydrogen?
What is oxygen?
How does water change with temperature?
What is evaporation?
2. Read the text «What is Water» and find out whose ideas were closest to the facts. What is Water?
When scientists wonder whether there is life on other planets, they often ask this question: "Is there water there?" Life as we know it would be impossible without water.
Water is a tasteless, odorless, colorless compound that makes up a large proportion of all living things. It occurs everywhere in the soil, and exists in varying amounts in the air.
Living things can digest and absorb foods only when these foods are dissolved in water. Living tissue consists chiefly of water. What is water made of? It is a simple compound of two gases: hydrogen, a very light gas; and oxygen, a heavier, active gas.
When hydrogen is burned in oxygen, water is formed. But water does not resemble either of the elements which compose it. It has a set of properties all its own.
Water, like most other matter, exists in three states: a liquid state, which is the common form; a solid, called "ice"; and a gas, called "water vapor". In which one of these forms water shall exist depends ordinarily on the temperature.
At 0 degrees centigrade, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit, water changes from the liquid to the solid state, or freezes. At 100 degrees centigrade, or 212 degrees Fahrenheit, it changes from the liquid to the gaseous state. This change from liquid, visible water to the invisible water gas is called "evaporation".
Thus, if a piece of ice is brought into a warm room, it starts to become liquid or melt. If the room is warm enough, the little puddle of water formed from the melting ice finally disappears. The liquid is changed into water vapor. When water is cooled, it expands just before it reaches the freezing point.
Water as it occurs in nature is never pure in the true sense. It contains dissolved mineral material, dissolved gases, and living organisms.
(N.G.Kitkova “What is water?” 2004, Manager)
3. Work in pairs. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. What are the questions?
1. Tasteless, odorless, colorless compound.
2. A simple compound of two gases: hydrogen and oxygen.
3. In three states.
4. At 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
5. From the liquid to the gaseous state.
6. Freezing point.
7. It contains dissolved material, dissolved gases and living organisms.
8. Evaporation.
9. If the room is warm enough.
10 Gas.
4. Work in pairs. One student reads the given statements, the other pretends that he does not hear and asks him/her to repeat. Take turns.
Example:
STUDENT A: When water falls from clouds it's called a rain.
STUDENT B: Where did you say it falls from?
or
What form did you say it falls in?
STUDENT A: I said it falls from clouds.
or
STUDENT A: I didn't. But it falls in a liquid form.
When water falls in small frozen crystals, it's called snow.
When the snow begins to melt, it's called slush.
If the slush freezes again and becomes hard and solid, it's called ice.
The combination of rain and snow is known as sleet.
Small round lumps that fall during a thunderstorm are called hail.
The water forming on the leaves and flowers is a dew in warm weather.
The same in cold weather is frost.
The water united into a liquid body which is relatively motionless may be a puddle, a pond, a lake, a sea, or even an ocean.
While the water moves, it may be a brook, a creek or stream, or a river.
When water comes out of the tap, it is just plain water.