Human_Histology

fibers A36, 107 plexuses 175 tracts 107

Nervous system 105

anatomical classification of 105 Nervous tissue A11

tumors of 114 Neurilemma 108 Neurites 107

Neuroendocrine system 249 diffuse 264

Neuro-endocrine transducers 254 Neuroepiphysin 262

Neurofibrils 106f, 107 Neuroglia 105, 112

types of 112 Neurohypophysis 251, 253 Neurons 105, 122

morphological classification of 110t structure of 105

types of 109 Neurovascular hilus 81 Niemann-Pick’s disease 100 Nipple and areola 244 Nissl granules 107

Nissl substance 106 Nodal myocytes 148

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas 100 Non-keratinized stratified squamous

epithelium 31 Non-striated muscle 75 Nuclear bag fibers 83 Nuclear chain fibers 83 Nuclear layer

external 270 inner A27 internal 270 outer A27

Nuclei 118

O

Oddi, sphincter of 199, 200f Odontoblasts 163 Olfactory cells 149 Olfactory cilia 35

Olfactory epithelium 149, 150f Olfactory mucosa 149 Oligodendrocyte 108, 112, 113, 113f Onychia 138

Onycholysis 138 Oocyte

primary 232 secondary 232

Oogenesis 231 stages of 234

Oogonia 231 Ophthalmoscope 269f Optic cup 269

Optic disc 269f

Optic nerve fibers, layer of A27, 270 Optic stalk 269

Optic vesicle 269 Optical device 1 Oral cavity 160 Organic matrix 63 Ossicles 280 Ossification

centers of 70 Osteitis deformans 64 Osteoblast 61, 61f, 62f

Osteocartilaginous exostoses 59 Osteoclast 61, 61f, 62, 62f Osteocytes 61, 61f, 62 Osteogenesis imperfecta 54 Osteoid 63, 68

collagen 63 Osteoma 62 Osteons 66, 70

Osteoprogenitor cells 61 Osteosarcoma 62 Otolithic membrane 290 Otoscopy 290

Ovarian cycle 236

Ovarian follicle 231, 232, 235f, 236 fate of 236, 237f

formation of 232

Ovaries A38, A38f, 231, 233, 234f, 235f pair of 231

Ovula Nabothi 242

Ovulation 234, 235 Ovum 232

fate of 235 structure of 235f

Oxyntic cell 179, 182f Oxyphil cells 257, 258 Oxytocin 253

P

Paget’s disease 64

Palatine tonsil A18, A18f, 103, 104 coronal section of 104f

Pancreas A29, 200, 201 Pancreatic acini 200 Pancreatic duct 202 Pancreatic serous acinus 201f Pancreatitis

acute 203 chronic 203

Paneth cells 184, 185, 186f Panniculus adiposus 51

Index 299

Papilla 165, 166f, 204 simplex 165

Papillary ducts 206 Papillary plexus 132 Para-aortic bodies 262 Parafollicular cells 255, 256 Parafollicular zone 103 Paraganglia 262

Paralysis 141

Parasympathetic nervous systems 105 Parathyroid glands A35, A35f, 257, 258

cells of 257 structure of 257

Parenchyma 39, 98, 169 Paronychia 138 Parotid gland 169

Pars basalis 241 Pars distalis 251 Pars functionalis 241

Pars intermedia 249, 252 Pars nervosa 249, 253 Pars tuberalis 251, 252 Pectinate ligament 266 Peduncles 118

Peg cells 237 Penicilli 99 Penis 217, 228

transverse section of 230f Peptic cells 178

Peri-arterial lymphatic sheath 99 Perichondrium 55, 57 Perichoroidal space 265 Perilymphatic cells 285 Perimysium 77, 78

Perinephric fat 51

Periodic acid Schiff method 38 Periodic acid Schiff stain 252 Periodontal ligament 161 Periodontal membrane 163 Periosteum 60

functions of 61

Peripheral nerve A40, A40f, 107, 110, 111, 111f, 118

basic structure of 110 Peripheral nervous system 105 Peritubular dentine 162

Peyer’s patches A22, A24, 186, 188 Phalangeal cells 286

outer 288 Phalanx 288 Pharyngeal tonsil 104 Pharynx 151

Pheochromocytes 260 Pigment cell 45, 46f, 271

layer A27, 269 Pigment granules 107

300Textbook of Human Histology

Pillar cell 286 Pineal gland 261

cyclic activity of 262 Pinealocytes 261, 262 Pinna 281

Pituitary gland 249 Placenta 246

function 246 components 246

decidua 246

chorion and trophoblast 246 formation of placenta 247

placental circulation and barrier 247 microscopic structure 247

Planum semilunatum 290 Plasma cell 47, 47f Plasmakinin 173 Plasmatocytes 47

Plexiform cells, internal 271, 278 Plexiform layer

external 270 inner A27 internal 271 outer A27 Pneumocytes 157

Podocytes 208 Portal vein

branch of 193

several branches of 197f Portio vaginalis 242 Postcapillary venules 146 Pregnancy, corpus luteum of 236 Prickle cells 126

Primordial follicle 232, 234f Primordial germ cells 231 Progesterone 235

Proliferating cartilage, zone of 73 Prostate A32, A32f, 228, 229, 229f

benign nodular hyperplasia of 228 carcinoma of 228

Proteins 249 Proteoglycans 48

Proximal convoluted tubule 206, 208, 209 Proximal nail fold 138

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium A4, A4f, 30

Pulp 161, 163 canal 161 cavity 161

Pulpitis 163 Purkinje cell 120, 121

layer 120, 121 Purkinje fibers 148 Pyloric glands 182 Pyloric sphincter 175 Pyramidal cell 123

layer A36, 123

R

Ranvier, nodes of 108 Rectum 190

Red muscle fiber 81 Red pulp 99

Regular connective tissue A7, A7f Regular fibrous tissue 49

Renal blood vessels 212 Renal corpuscle 206

basic structure of 206f Renal cortex 207

Renal medulla 209 Renal pelvis 204 Renal pyramids 204 Renal sinus 204 Renal tubule 208 Reproductive system

female 231, 231f male 217, 217f

Respiratory bronchioles 155 Respiratory distress syndrome, acute 159 Respiratory mucosa 150

Respiratory system 90, 103, 149 cells of 158

Rete ridge system 160 Rete testis 217

structure of 221 Reticular cells 45, 51

Reticular fibers 41, 42f, 44, 44f Reticular lamina 34, 286, 288 Reticular layer 132

Reticular tissue 51 Reticulo-endothelial system 93 Retina 265, 268

appearance of 270 basic structure of 269 ciliary part of 269 nervous layer of 269 part of 269

pigment cell of 272f subdivisions of A27 Retinal detachment 274

Retinal neurons, connections of 279 Retinitis pigmentosa 274 Retinoblastoma 274

Retzius, lines of 162 Rhabdomyoma 84 Rhabdomyosarcoma 84 Rheumatoid arthritis 100 Rhinitis, acute 151 Rhinoplasty 281 Ribosomes 77

Rod and cone

cells, ultrastructure of 273 layer of A27, 270

Rod cells 286 structure of 27f

Rod ganglion cells 278 Root sheath, inner 133 Russell’s bodies 48

S

Saccular glands 38 Saccule 284, 285 Salivary glands 168, 173f

cells of 171 innervation of 173 tumors of 171

Santorini, fissures of 281 Sarcolemma 77 Sarcomere 78

Sarcoplasmic reticulum 77, 80, 87 Sarcosomes 77

Scala tympani 283 Scala vestibuli 283 Schlemm, canal of 265

Schwann cells 108, 109f, 113 Sclera A27, 265, 266f Scleral spur 265

Sebaceous gland 135, 135f, 276f Secretory cells 200

Segmental bronchi 155 Sella turcica 249

Semicircular canal 280, 282f, 283 Semicircular duct 284

Seminal vesicle A31, A31f, 227 pair of 217

Seminiferous tubules 217, 218 walls of 222f

Sensory ganglia A36, A36f, 115, 116 structure of 116

Sensory neuroepithelium 290 Sensory neuron 110

Serosa 189, 198, 237 Serous acini 39 Serous cells 171

non-ciliated 155 Serous coat 98 Serous glands 38, 167 Serous layer 174, 216

Sertoli, cells of 219, 220 Sex glands 217 Sialadenitis 171 Sialorrhea 171

Sickle cell disease 100

Simple columnar epithelium A3, A3f, 28, 28f

Simple cuboidal epithelium A3, A3f, 27, 27f

Simple gland 37

Simple squamous epithelium A2, A2f, 26, 26f

lining of A2f

Simple tubular 38 Single nerve fibre 111

Sinus venosus sclerae 265 Sinusitis 159

Sinusoid 139, 144 structure of 144f

Situs inversus 150

Skeletal muscle A10, A10f, 75, 76, 77f, 78, 84, 87

contraction of 80, 86 core of 276f

fibers, types of 81 innervation of 81 lymphatics of 81 tumors 84

Skeletal neuromuscular junction 82f Skin A19, 48, 126, 276f

appearance of 133 blood supply of 132 dermis of 50 functions of 132 hairy 126

nerve supply of 132 structure of 126

thick A19, A19f, 126, 128 thin A19, A19f, 126, 127 types of 126

Skull bones, growth of 71f

Small intestine A22, A23f, 174, 182 basic structure of 183f

cells of 185, 185f lymphoid tissue of 186

Small peptides 249

Smooth muscle A11, A11f, 75, 86, 87 layer 153, 157

Solitary lymphatic follicles 186 Somatodendritic synapse 114 Somatosomatic synapse 114 Spermateleosis 223 Spermatid 222 Spermatocytes

primary 222 secondary 222 Spermatogenesis 221 stages of 222

Spermatogenic cells 220 Spermatogonia 222 Spermatozoa 217

capacitation of 224 maturation of 224

Spermatozoon neck of 223 structure of 223f

Spermiogenesis 222, 223 Spherocytosis 100 Sphincter 88, 175

ampullae 199 choledochus 199

pancreaticus 199 pupillae 268 vesicae 216

Spinal cord A11, A39, A39f, 112, 117, 118, 118f, 119

Spiral ganglion 288 Spiral lamina 283, 288 Spiral ligament 288 Spiral limbus 288 Spiral prominence 288 Spiral sheath 224 Spiral sulcus

internal 288 outer 288

Spleen A16, A17, A17f, 97, 98 lymph vessels of 100 white pulp of 99

Splenic cords 99

Splenic vein obstruction 100 Spongy bone A10, 63, 64 Squamous epithelium 25, 26

stratified A5, A5f, A6, A6f, A19, 30, 31f, 32, 167f

Stave cells 100

Stellate cells 120, 121, 123 Stem cells 130, 182 Stereocilia A4, 34, 36 Sterile matrix 138 Steroids 249

Stigma 235

Stomach A22, A22f, 174, 176, 179-181 body of 182f

mucous membrane of 178f Straight tubules 217

Stratum basale 126 Stratum corneum A19, 127 Stratum germinativum 126 Stratum granulosum 126 Stratum intermedium 163 Stratum lucidum 127 Stratum spinosum 126 Stria vascularis 285, 288 Stroke 141

Stroma 39, 168 Subcapsular sinus 97 Sublingual gland 172

Submandibular gland A28, A28f, 170, 171 Submucosa A22, 151, 153, 154, 174-176,

189, 191, 216 Submucosal plexus 175 Substantia propria 266 Sulcus terminalis 165

Suprachoroid lamina 265, 267, 268 Suprarenal cortex 259

Suprarenal gland A34, A34f, 259, 260 structure of 259

Suprarenal medulla 260, 261

Index 301

Suspensory ligaments 243 Sustentacular cells 150, 219, 220, 291 Sutural lines 275

Sweat gland 136, 137f, 276f atypical 137

typical 136 Symphyses 58

T

Taenia coli A24, 175, 189 Tarsal glands 276, 276f Tarsal plate 276, 276f Taste buds 167, 167f T-cell production 93 Testis A32, A32f, 218, 219

basic structure of 217f general structure of 217 mediastinum 217

pair of 217 tumors of 221

Tetraiodothyronine 256 Thalassemias 100 Theca externa 234 Theca folliculi 234 Theca interna 234 Thoracic duct 90

Thymic humoral factor 103 Thymic nurse cells 102 Thymocytes 102 Thymopoietin 103 Thymulin 103

Thymus A18, A18f, 100, 101 functions of 102 lymphocytes of 102

Thyrocalcitonin 257 Thyroid 152

follicles 256f

gland A33, A33f, 254, 255, 257 follicular cell of 256f structure of 255

hormone, synthesis of 256 stimulating hormone 256

Thyrotrophs 252

Tissues constituting nervous system 105 T-lymphocytes 47, 91-93

Tomes

fibers of 163 granular layer of 163

Tongue A20, A20f, 165, 166 dorsal surface of 165f

Tonsillar crypts 104 Tonsillectomy 104 Tonsillitis 104, 151 Tonsils 103

Tooth development, stages of 164f Trabeculae 64, 98

Trachea A26, A26f, 152, 154

302Textbook of Human Histology

Triiodothyronine 256 Tropocollagen 42 Tropoelastin 44 Tropomyosin 79 Tubal tonsils 104 Tubular glands 37 Tubuli recti 217

Tumor necrosing factor 94 Tunica adventitia 140, 141 Tunica albuginea 217, 231, 234f Tunica intima 139, 141

Tunica media 140, 141 Tunica vaginalis 217 Tympanic cavity 282

Tympanic membrane 280, 282, 283 Tympanoplasty 281

Tympanum 280

Typical long bone, formation of 72f Typical sweat gland, parts of 136

U

Ulcerative colitis 192 Unilocular adipose tissue 53, 53f Unipolar neurons 109 Unmyelinated axons 109 Unmyelinated nerves 110 Ureter A14, A14f, 213, 214

layer of 213f pair of 204

Ureterocele 215 Urethra 204, 216, 217

Urethral sphincter, external 216 Urinary bladder A25, A25f, 204, 205

Urinary pole 208 Urinary space 206 Urinary system 204 Uriniferous tubules 206 Urogenital organs 224 Urothelium 26

Uterine cycle 236 Uterine glands 241f

Uterine tube A15, A15f, 236, 238 pair of 231

Uterus A26, A26t, 231, 239 secretory phase 239, 240

Utricle 284

V

Vagina 231, 244 Vaginitis 245 Vallate papilla 167

Van Gieson method 42 Varicose veins 146 Vasa vasorum 146

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide 264 Vasopressin 253

Veins 145 interlobar 212 interlobular 212 valves of 146

Venules 139, 146 Verhoeff’s method 57f

Vermiform appendix A13, A13f, 189, 191 Vestibule 149, 280, 283

Vice versa 195

Villi 174, 183

Vitiligo 131

Volkmann’s canal A9, 66, 66f

W

White fibrocartilage 58 White fibrous tissue 49 White muscle fiber 81 White pulp 99 Wolfring, glands of 276

X

Xerostomia 171

Y

Yellow marrow 60

Z

Zeis, glands of 276 Zona arcuata 283 Zona fasciculata 259 Zona glomerulosa 259 Zona pectinata 283 Zona pellucida 233, 235 Zona reaction 224 Zona reticularis 259 Zymogen cells 178, 185