Упражнение 13

1. Some of the recent public meetings too often see attempts to find a scapegoat rather than ways and methods of solving our common problems.

2. Again and again we returned to the same problems, and every time we saw new aspects to them and came up with new often mutually exclusive solutions.

3. Lenin was to meet him only once, nearly ten years later, when they were both on their way to exile in Siberia.

4. Usually, if television is going to screen a theater production, they don't do it until public interest has cooled off.

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5. Video Film could offer a film-copying service by post, using the cus­tomer's own cassettes.

6. This is why our critics are still rather suspicious of irony. They believe it violates the serious view of literature as a social enlightener.

7. If you don't have cassettes with films that are difficult to understand or commentaries by qualified experts, you will not be able to help serious viewers.

8. Our country has been deprived of normal internal political process for much too long. But life goes on, no matter what. There is no stopping it, as there is no stopping thought.

9. Then, there is no getting away from the necessity to meet the interests of all the parties. Their balance is vital to survival and progress.

10. Nonetheless, Official Prose tried to draw Village Writers into its ideological ranks and coerce them into joining in the fight with the West.

11. The government in Berlin believed that Britain and France's treaties with Czechoslovakia and Poland would stand in the way of these initiatives.

12. Developed countries see video as one of the main avenues of infor­mation and the growing interest abroad in our country makes it all the more important.

13. Life prompts us to take a new look at some theoretical ideas and con­cepts.

14. No amount of cover-up, rationalizing, alibiing or ducking will avoid the inevitable day of reckoning.

15. Russian history has always had a lot of it.

16. Their views can be judged differently — politically, ideologically, practically, but they cannot be accused of advocating anything immoral.

Упражнение 14

An important feature of today's working class is that it is unevenly dis­tributed by industries. Extracting and some manufacturing industries are rapidly losing manpower.

The work force is shrinking fastest in the so-called old industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, shoe-making, and coal mining. There are two major factors for this process: rising labor productivity and growing compe­tition from developing countries. International corporations are transfer­ring to these countries their plants to take advantage of the cheaper la­bour costs.

As a rule, the workers in the "old" industries are the ones with low levels of skills and general education. The shrinking work force there indirectly in­creases the overall number of skilled workers in the economy as a whole.

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Simultaneously, there is an increasing demand for more highly-skilled manpower in radioelectronics, instrument-making, petrochemicals, aerospace and other new growing industries. As they set up new plants in these indus­tries, the giant corporations strive to prevent unionization there. This enlarges what the western press calls "a union-free environment".

A key to understanding the qualitative changes in the working class today is an analysis of the impact produced by the ongoing scientific and technological revolution. It calls for higher skill levels in each new gen­eration of workers, and at times it completely alters the nature of work.

For instance, automation requires a large number of white-collar workers: engineers, programmers and computer operators. Computer-aided machinery needs highly-skilled job-setters to tend it.