The republic of bashkortostan (3-rd version)
To proclaim [prq'kleIm] – провозглашать to inspire [In'spa(I)q] – вдохновлять responsibility [rI"spq2nsq'bIlqtI] – ответственность inhabitant [In`hx1bItqnt] – житель fate [feIt] – судьба adjacent [q'dZeIsqnt] – примыкающий 143600 -one hundred ['hAndrId] and forty three thousand six hundreed accounting [q'kaV4ntIN] – насчитывающий boundless ['baVndlIs] – бескрайний Tatar ['tRtq] – татарин; татарка Chuvashes [tSV'vQ:SIs] – Чуваши Maris [ma:riz] – Марийцы Ukrainian [ju:'kreInIqn] – украинцы steppe [step] – степь impassable [Im'pRsIbl] – непроходимый supreme [s(j)u:'pri:m] body- верховный; высший, главный орган legislative and representative branches ['ledZIslqtIv] ["reprI'zentqtIv] [brQ:ntS] - законадательная и представительская ветви to subsidize ['sAbsIdaIz] – субсидировать thought-out policy ["TO:t'aVt] [′pOlIsI] – продуманная политика state regulation[steIt] ["regju4'leISn] – гос. управление to effect [I'fekt] – влиять interfere with ["Intq'fIq] – вмешиваться в smooth [smu:D] – гладкий |
to implement ['ImplImqnt] – воплощать promotion [prq'mqVSqn] – продвижение streamline ['stri:mlaIn] – рационализировать taxation system [tx1k'seISn] ['sIstqm] – система налогообложений enforcement [In'fO:smqnt] – осуществление copper ['kOpq] – медь ore [O:] – руда extraction and processing of oil [Ik'strxkSn] ['prq4sesIN] [OIl] – добыча и переработка нефти fuel [fju:ql] – топливо, бензин machine-tool building [mq'Si:n] [tu:l] ['bIldIN] - машиностроение ferrous and non-ferrous metals ['ferqs] ["nPn'ferqs] ['metlz] – черные и цветные металлы refining [rI'faInIN] – переработка flax [flxks] - лён to contribute to [kqn'trIbju:t] – содействовать, способствовать efficient [I'fISnt] - действенный vibrantly ['vaIbrqntlI] – живо embassy ['embqsI] – посольство trade representation [treId] ["reprIzen'teISn] – торговое представительство Thailand ['taIlxnd] – Таиланд Australia [Os'treIljq] – Австралия Arab ['xrqb] – араб(ский) raw materials extraction and processing [rO:] [mq"tI(q)rIqlz] [Ik'strxkSn] ['prqVsesIN] – добыча и переработка сырья to possess [pq'zes] – обладать abundant [q'bAndqnt] – обильный, богатый semi-finished goods ["semI'fInISt gHdz] – полуфабрикаты |
The Republic of Bashkortostan – a sovereign republic within the Russian Federation – was proclaimed on October 11, 1990.
Bashkortostan is located along the South Urals and the adjacent plains, just in the border between Europe and Asia. It occupies the territory of 143600 square kilometers. The Republic numbers 20 cities, the largest being Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Neftekamsk, Oktyabrskiy.
The capital city of Bashkortostan is Ufa, a beautiful city on the river Belaya bank accounting more than one million people.
The population of Bashkortostan is over four million people. About a hundred nationalities inhabit Bashkortostan: Bashkirs, Russians, Tatars, Chuvashes, Maris, Ukrainians, Germans, etc.
The nature of Bashkortostan is very beautiful. Boundless steppe here lies near impassable taiga, mountain ranges rise over extensive plains. There are about 600 rivers and thousand lakes in the republic. It is characterized by the continental type of climate. Winter is cold here and it is usually hot in summer.
The supreme body of the legislative and representative branches is the State Assembly – Kurultai. The highest executive organ is the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Bashkortostan of today is one of the few regions of Russia developing without being subsidized from the federal centre. Moreover, the Republic participates in financing certain federal programs.
Rich deposits of oil, gas, coal, copper, zink and other ores discovered in the republic made possible a rapid industrial growth. The main branches of industry are extraction and processing of oil, fuel and energetic industries, machine-tool building, production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, coal mining. Oil extraction has lead to the development of refining and chemical industries.
Bashkortostan is also an important agricultural region of our country, one of the major suppliers of grain, potatoes, flax, milk, meat and other of grain, potatoes, flax, milk, meat, honey and other products. As to the total value of agricultural production, the republic takes 6th place in the federation and the first place in the Ural region.
The powerful economic potential of the Republic of Bashkortostan contributes to a successful development the Republic’s foreign economic activities. Good contacts have been established with embassies and trade representations of West and East European countries, of the USA, India, Turkey, Japan, Thailand, Australia and the Arab countries.
The present Bashkortostan belongs to Russia’s largest industrial centers specializing in raw materials extraction and processing, semi-finished goods production and export to other regions.