- •Viruses and subviruses
- •1. Make sure you know the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •Viruses and subviruses
- •Viruses
- •Subviruses
- •Comrehension check
- •1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •2. Questions to think about.
- •3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text. Language focus
- •2. Form the derivatives of the words given in the table (where possible):
- •3. Define the following terms:
- •4. Match the first half of a sentence in column a with the appropriate second half in column b:
- •5. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •1. Prepare a dialogue with your partner discussing:
- •2. Sum up what you have learned about viruses and subviruses and prepare a report about them. Unit 2 monera
- •1. Make sure you know the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •6. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •1. Prepare a dialogue with your partner discussing:
- •Unit 3 protista
- •1. Make sure you know the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •Define the following terms:
- •4. Match the first half of a sentence in column a with the appropriate second half in column b:
- •5. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •1. Prepare dialogues discussing: a) general information about the kingdom Protista; b) primitive protists; c) true algae; d) unicellular algae.
- •2. Prepare a report on the topic under discussion. Unit 4 fungi
- •1. Make sure you know the following words and word combinations:
- •1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •2. Questions to think about.
- •3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.
- •4. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •1. Name and describe: a) the major groups of fungi; b) the ways of fungal nutrition.
- •2. Prepare a report on the topic under discussion.
- •Plant kingdom: plantae
- •Make sure you know the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •Give detailed answers to the questions below:
- •Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.
- •Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •1. Explain the terms: Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta.
- •Prepare a dialogue with your partner discussing reproductive structures of algae and higher plants.
- •Prepare a report: How did embryophyte plants inhabit terrestrial environments? unit 6 bryophyta. Vascular plants. Psilophyta. Lycophyta
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •Give detailed answers to the questions below:
- •Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.
- •Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •Name the new terms learned by you from the text.
- •Prepare a dialogue with your partner discussing club mosses.
- •Write an essay on the topic Bryophyta. Unit 7 sphenophyta. Pterophyta. Gymnosperms. Cycadophyta. Ginkgophyta
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •Give detailed answers to the questions below:
- •Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.
- •Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •Describe the genus Ginkgo.
- •Prepare a dialogue with your partner discussing cycadophytes.
- •Prepare a report about pterophytes. Unit 8 coniferophyta: conifers. Anthophyta / angiosperms: flowering plants
- •1. Make sure you know the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
- •2. Ask questions revealing the main points of the text.
- •3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.
- •5. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •1. Describe: a) how angiosperms are pollinated; b) the life cycle of conifers.
- •2. Prepare a dialogue with your partner discussing:
- •3. Write essays on the topics: a) conifers; b) flowering plants. Unit 9 typical flower
- •1. Make sure you know the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •Say whether the following statements are true or false:
- •Give detailed answers to the questions below:
- •Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:
- •Divide the text into parts and give a title to each of them.
- •Prepare a report on the topic under discussion. Contents
1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.
Slime molds have a diploid, coenocytic, amoeboid mass that is known as a ________ .
true fungus b. mushroom c. ascus
d. plasmodium e. water mold.
Fungi are never
unicellular b. multicellular. c. eukaryotic
d. prokaryotic e. heterotrophic.
Fungi
photosynthesize b. absorb food through their hyphae
c. have leaves d. have true roots e. contain chloroplasts.
Together, the mass of branching hyphae create the body of the fungus, called a ______________ .
plasmodium b. mycelium c. coenocyte
d. slime mold e. lichen.
Some hyphae are coenocytic, having many nuclei within the cytoplasm, and others are divided by ___________ into compartments containing one or more nuclei.
lichens b. mycelia c. cyanobacteria
septa e. none of the above.
Slime molds send up ______________ .
mushrooms b. spore-bearing fruiting bodies.
c. seed bearing structures d. leafy parts e. none of the above.
7. Many true fungi have mycelia that grow in a close, intimate manner with plant roots, where the plants benefit by receiving ______ and _______ while the fungus benefits by receiving nutritious __________ .
carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus
nitrogen, carbohydrates, phosphorus
nitrogen, phosphorus, carbohydrates
all of the above e. none of the above.
8. Lichens involve the close association of a _________ and a ____________ .
fungus, chlorophyte b. fungus, green algae
c. cyanobacteria, fungus d. blue-green bacteria, fungus
e. all of the above.
9. When the hyphae of a fungus grow around, sometimes in between, and even within living plant root cells, the association is ___________ .
mycorrhizal b. beneficial to the hyphae
c. beneficial to the plant d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
2. Questions to think about.
Define the shared characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Fungi, and contrast this kingdom with the others.
List four groups of fungi and explain their differences, and yet the similarities that make them fungi rather than members of another kingdom.
What are lichens? Are they fungi? Why?
What are mycorrhizal associations? Who benefits from them? How and why?
Are all fungi always multicellular? If not, when aren’t they? Give specific examples.
What part does a mushroom play in the life history of which fungi?
Athlete’s foot is caused by a fungus, yet one never sees any fruiting bodies. Why?
3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.
LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Match the words that are: a) similar and b) opposite in meaning:
a) |
b) |
|||
to absorb |
to spread |
to absorb |
to increase |
|
to be composed of |
to release |
to hide |
to liberate |
|
to form |
to take in |
to separate |
moisture |
|
to extend |
to consist of |
to reduce |
to expose |
|
to liberate |
to make up |
drought |
to join |
Define the following terms:
water mold |
fungal spores |
mycelium |
plasmodium |
dikaryons |
sac fungi |
saprophytes |
club fungi |
lichen |
mycorrhizal |
coenocytic |
hyphae
|
associations |
imperfect fungi |
symbiosis |
slime mold |
fruiting body |
parasitic |
3. Match the first half of a sentence in column A with the appropriate second half in column B:
A |
B |
1. By far the majority of fungal species are terrestrial |
a) both are fungi that infect people without ever sprouting fruiting bodies. |
2. During its vegetative phase, the slime mold plasmodium moves about slowly, |
b) forming four haploid nuclei |
3. Slime molds are usually found growing on such decaying organic matter as |
c) that constantly leak through the roots. |
4. Then the diploid nucleus undergoes meiosis, |
d) and they also commonly occur in cold, exposed regions. |
6. Imperfect fungi are responsible for ring- worm and athlete’s foot; |
e) and reproduce both sexually and asexually. |
7. The mycorrhizae benefit by absorbing the chemicals and carbohydrates |
f) phagocytically feeding on organic material. |
8. Lichens are also associated with dry, exposed soils, such as those in some deserts, |
g) rotting logs, leaf litter or damp soil |