- •Table of Contents
- •Chapter 1: Probabilistic Design
- •1.1. Understanding Probabilistic Design
- •1.1.1. Traditional (Deterministic) vs. Probabilistic Design Analysis Methods
- •1.1.2. Reliability and Quality Issues
- •1.2. Probabilistic Design Terminology
- •1.3. Using Probabilistic Design
- •1.3.1. Create the Analysis File
- •1.3.1.1. Example Problem Description
- •1.3.1.2. Build the Model Parametrically
- •1.3.1.3. Obtain the Solution
- •1.3.1.4. Retrieve Results and Assign as Output Parameters
- •1.3.1.5. Prepare the Analysis File
- •1.3.2. Establish Parameters for Probabilistic Design Analysis
- •1.3.3. Enter the PDS and Specify the Analysis File
- •1.3.4. Declare Random Input Variables
- •1.3.5. Visualize Random Input Variables
- •1.3.6. Specify Correlations Between Random Variables
- •1.3.7. Specify Random Output Parameters
- •1.3.8. Select a Probabilistic Design Method
- •1.3.8.1. Probabilistic Method Determination Wizard
- •1.3.9. Execute Probabilistic Analysis Simulation Loops
- •1.3.9.1. Probabilistic Design Looping
- •1.3.9.2. Serial Analysis Runs
- •1.3.9.3. PDS Parallel Analysis Runs
- •1.3.9.3.1. Machine Configurations
- •1.3.9.3.1.1. Choosing Slave Machines
- •1.3.9.3.1.2. Using the Remote Shell Option
- •1.3.9.3.1.3. Using the Connection Port Option
- •1.3.9.3.1.4. Configuring the Master Machine
- •1.3.9.3.1.5. Host setup using port option
- •1.3.9.3.1.6. Host and Product selection for a particular analysis
- •1.3.9.3.2. Files Needed for Parallel Run
- •1.3.9.3.3. Controlling Server Processes
- •1.3.9.3.4. Initiate Parallel Run
- •1.3.10. Fit and Use Response Surfaces
- •1.3.10.1. About Response Surface Sets
- •1.3.10.2. Fitting a Response Surface
- •1.3.10.3. Plotting a Response Surface
- •1.3.10.4. Printing a Response Surface
- •1.3.10.5. Generating Monte Carlo Simulation Samples on the Response Surfaces
- •1.3.11. Review Results Data
- •1.3.11.1. Viewing Statistics
- •1.3.11.2. Viewing Trends
- •1.3.11.3. Creating Reports
- •1.4. Guidelines for Selecting Probabilistic Design Variables
- •1.4.1. Choosing and Defining Random Input Variables
- •1.4.1.1. Random Input Variables for Monte Carlo Simulations
- •1.4.1.2. Random Input Variables for Response Surface Analyses
- •1.4.1.3. Choosing a Distribution for a Random Variable
- •1.4.1.3.1. Measured Data
- •1.4.1.3.2. Mean Values, Standard Deviation, Exceedence Values
- •1.4.1.3.3. No Data
- •1.4.1.4. Distribution Functions
- •1.4.2. Choosing Random Output Parameters
- •1.5. Probabilistic Design Techniques
- •1.5.1. Monte Carlo Simulations
- •1.5.1.1. Direct Sampling
- •1.5.1.2. Latin Hypercube Sampling
- •1.5.1.3. User-Defined Sampling
- •1.5.2. Response Surface Analysis Methods
- •1.5.2.1. Central Composite Design Sampling
- •1.5.2.2. Box-Behnken Matrix Sampling
- •1.5.2.3. User-Defined Sampling
- •1.6. Postprocessing Probabilistic Analysis Results
- •1.6.1. Statistical Postprocessing
- •1.6.1.1. Sample History
- •1.6.1.2. Histogram
- •1.6.1.3. Cumulative Distribution Function
- •1.6.1.4. Print Probabilities
- •1.6.1.5. Print Inverse Probabilities
- •1.6.2. Trend Postprocessing
- •1.6.2.1. Sensitivities
- •1.6.2.2. Scatter Plots
- •1.6.2.3. Correlation Matrix
- •1.6.3. Generating an HTML Report
- •1.7. Multiple Probabilistic Design Executions
- •1.7.1. Saving the Probabilistic Design Database
- •1.7.2. Restarting a Probabilistic Design Analysis
- •1.7.3. Clearing the Probabilistic Design Database
- •1.8. Example Probabilistic Design Analysis
- •1.8.1. Problem Description
- •1.8.2. Problem Specifications
- •1.8.2.1. Problem Sketch
- •1.8.3. Using a Batch File for the Analysis
- •1.8.4. Using the GUI for the PDS Analysis
- •Chapter 2: Variational Technology
- •2.1. Harmonic Sweep Using VT Accelerator
- •2.1.1. Structural Elements Supporting Frequency-Dependent Properties
- •2.1.2. Harmonic Sweep for Structural Analysis with Frequency-Dependent Material Properties
- •2.1.2.1. Beam Example
- •Chapter 3: Adaptive Meshing
- •3.1. Prerequisites for Adaptive Meshing
- •3.2. Employing Adaptive Meshing
- •3.3. Modifying the Adaptive Meshing Process
- •3.3.1. Selective Adaptivity
- •3.3.2. Customizing the ADAPT Macro with User Subroutines
- •3.3.2.1. Creating a Custom Meshing Subroutine (ADAPTMSH.MAC)
- •3.3.2.2. Creating a Custom Subroutine for Boundary Conditions (ADAPTBC.MAC)
- •3.3.2.3. Creating a Custom Solution Subroutine (ADAPTSOL.MAC)
- •3.3.2.4. Some Further Comments on Custom Subroutines
- •3.3.3. Customizing the ADAPT Macro (UADAPT.MAC)
- •3.4. Adaptive Meshing Hints and Comments
- •3.5. Where to Find Examples
- •Chapter 4: Rezoning
- •4.1. Benefits and Limitations of Rezoning
- •4.1.1. Rezoning Limitations
- •4.2. Rezoning Requirements
- •4.3. Understanding the Rezoning Process
- •4.3.1. Overview of the Rezoning Process Flow
- •4.3.2. Key Commands Used in Rezoning
- •4.4. Step 1: Determine the Substep to Initiate Rezoning
- •4.5. Step 2. Initiate Rezoning
- •4.6. Step 3: Select a Region to Remesh
- •4.7. Step 4: Perform the Remeshing Operation
- •4.7.1. Choosing a Remeshing Method
- •4.7.1.1. Remeshing Using a Program-Generated New Mesh (2-D)
- •4.7.1.1.1. Creating an Area to Remesh
- •4.7.1.1.2. Using Nodes From the Old Mesh
- •4.7.1.1.3. Hints for Remeshing Multiple Regions
- •4.7.1.1.4. Generating a New Mesh
- •4.7.1.2. Remeshing Using a Generic New Mesh (2-D and 3-D)
- •4.7.1.2.1. Using the REMESH Command with a Generic New Mesh
- •4.7.1.2.2. Requirements for the Generic New Mesh
- •4.7.1.2.3. Using the REGE and KEEP Remeshing Options
- •4.7.1.3. Remeshing Using Manual Mesh Splitting (2-D and 3-D)
- •4.7.1.3.1. Understanding Mesh Splitting
- •4.7.1.3.2. Geometry Details for Mesh Splitting
- •4.7.1.3.3. Using the REMESH Command for Mesh Splitting
- •4.7.1.3.4. Mesh-Transition Options for 2-D Mesh Splitting
- •4.7.1.3.5. Mesh-Transition Options for 3-D Mesh Splitting
- •4.7.1.3.7. Improving Tetrahedral Element Quality via Mesh Morphing
- •4.7.2. Mesh Control
- •4.7.3. Remeshing Multiple Regions at the Same Substep
- •4.8. Step 5: Verify Applied Contact Boundaries, Surface-Effect Elements, Loads, and Boundary Conditions
- •4.8.1. Contact Boundaries
- •4.8.2. Surface-Effect Elements
- •4.8.3. Pressure and Contiguous Displacements
- •4.8.4. Forces and Isolated Applied Displacements
- •4.8.5. Nodal Temperatures
- •4.8.6. Other Boundary Conditions and Loads
- •4.9. Step 6: Automatically Map Variables and Balance Residuals
- •4.9.1. Mapping Solution Variables
- •4.9.2. Balancing Residual Forces
- •4.9.3. Interpreting Mapped Results
- •4.9.4. Handling Convergence Difficulties
- •4.10. Step 7: Perform a Multiframe Restart
- •4.11. Repeating the Rezoning Process if Necessary
- •4.11.1. File Structures for Repeated Rezonings
- •4.12. Postprocessing Rezoning Results
- •4.12.1. The Database Postprocessor
- •4.12.1.1. Listing the Rezoning Results File Summary
- •4.12.1.2. Animating the Rezoning Results
- •4.12.1.3. Using the Results Viewer for Rezoning
- •4.12.2. The Time-History Postprocessor
- •4.13. Rezoning Restrictions
- •4.14. Rezoning Examples
- •4.14.1. Example: Rezoning Using a Program-Generated New Mesh
- •4.14.1.1. Initial Input for the Analysis
- •4.14.1.2. Rezoning Input for the Analysis
- •4.14.2. Example: Rezoning Using a Generic New Mesh
- •4.14.2.1. Initial Input for the Analysis
- •4.14.2.2. Exporting the Distorted Mesh as a CDB File
- •4.14.2.3. Importing the File into ANSYS ICEM CFD and Generating a New Mesh
- •4.14.2.4. Rezoning Using the New CDB Mesh
- •Chapter 5: Mesh Nonlinear Adaptivity
- •5.1. Mesh Nonlinear Adaptivity Benefits, Limitations and Requirements
- •5.1.1. Rubber Seal Simulation
- •5.1.2. Crack Simulation
- •5.2. Understanding the Mesh Nonlinear Adaptivity Process
- •5.2.1. Checking Nonlinear Adaptivity Criteria
- •5.2.1.1. Defining Element Components
- •5.2.1.2. Defining Nonlinear Adaptivity Criteria
- •5.2.1.3. Defining Criteria-Checking Frequency
- •5.3. Mesh Nonlinear Adaptivity Criteria
- •5.3.1. Energy-Based
- •5.3.2. Position-Based
- •5.3.3. Contact-Based
- •5.3.4. Frequency of Criteria Checking
- •5.4. How a New Mesh Is Generated
- •5.5. Convergence at Substeps with the New Mesh
- •5.6. Controlling Mesh Nonlinear Adaptivity
- •5.7. Postprocessing Mesh Nonlinear Adaptivity Results
- •5.8. Mesh Nonlinear Adaptivity Examples
- •5.8.1. Example: Rubber Seal Simulation
- •5.8.2. Example: Crack Simulation
- •Chapter 6: 2-D to 3-D Analysis
- •6.1. Benefits of 2-D to 3-D Analysis
- •6.2. Requirements for a 2-D to 3-D Analysis
- •6.3. Overview of the 2-D to 3-D Analysis Process
- •6.3.1. Overview of the 2-D to 3-D Analysis Process Flow
- •6.3.2. Key Commands Used in 2-D to 3-D Analysis
- •6.4. Performing a 2-D to 3-D Analysis
- •6.4.1. Step 1: Determine the Substep to Initiate
- •6.4.2. Step 2: Initiate the 2-D to 3-D Analysis
- •6.4.3. Step 3: Extrude the 2-D Mesh to the New 3-D Mesh
- •6.4.4. Step 4: Map Solution Variables from 2-D to 3-D Mesh
- •6.4.5. Step 5: Perform an Initial-State-Based 3-D Analysis
- •6.5. 2-D to 3-D Analysis Restrictions
- •Chapter 7: Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.1. Understanding Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.1.1. How the Program Automates a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.1.2. Commands Used in a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.2. Cyclic Modeling
- •7.2.1. The Basic Sector
- •7.2.2. Edge Component Pairs
- •7.2.2.1. CYCOPT Auto Detection Tolerance Adjustments for Difficult Cases
- •7.2.2.2. Identical vs. Dissimilar Edge Node Patterns
- •7.2.2.3. Unmatched Nodes on Edge-Component Pairs
- •7.2.2.4. Identifying Matching Node Pairs
- •7.2.3. Modeling Limitations
- •7.2.4. Model Verification (Preprocessing)
- •7.3. Solving a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.1. Understanding the Solution Architecture
- •7.3.1.1. The Duplicate Sector
- •7.3.1.2. Coupling and Constraint Equations (CEs)
- •7.3.1.3. Non-Cyclically Symmetric Loading
- •7.3.1.3.1. Specifying Non-Cyclic Loading
- •7.3.1.3.2. Commands Affected by Non-Cyclic Loading
- •7.3.1.3.3. Plotting and Listing Non-Cyclic Boundary Conditions
- •7.3.1.3.4. Graphically Picking Non-Cyclic Boundary Conditions
- •7.3.2. Solving a Static Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.3. Solving a Modal Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.3.1. Understanding Harmonic Index and Nodal Diameter
- •7.3.3.2. Solving a Stress-Free Modal Analysis
- •7.3.3.3. Solving a Prestressed Modal Analysis
- •7.3.3.4. Solving a Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal Analysis
- •7.3.3.4.1. Solving a Large-Deflection Prestressed Modal Analysis with VT Accelerator
- •7.3.4. Solving a Linear Buckling Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.5. Solving a Harmonic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.5.1. Solving a Full Harmonic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.5.1.1. Solving a Prestressed Full Harmonic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.5.2. Solving a Mode-Superposition Harmonic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.5.2.1. Perform a Static Cyclic Symmetry Analysis to Obtain the Prestressed State
- •7.3.5.2.2. Perform a Linear Perturbation Modal Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.5.2.3. Restart the Modal Analysis to Create the Desired Load Vector from Element Loads
- •7.3.5.2.4. Obtain the Mode-Superposition Harmonic Cyclic Symmetry Solution
- •7.3.5.2.5. Review the Results
- •7.3.6. Solving a Magnetic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.3.7. Database Considerations After Obtaining the Solution
- •7.3.8. Model Verification (Solution)
- •7.4. Postprocessing a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.4.1. General Considerations
- •7.4.1.1. Using the /CYCEXPAND Command
- •7.4.1.1.1. /CYCEXPAND Limitations
- •7.4.1.2. Result Coordinate System
- •7.4.2. Modal Solution
- •7.4.2.1. Real and Imaginary Solution Components
- •7.4.2.2. Expanding the Cyclic Symmetry Solution
- •7.4.2.3. Applying a Traveling Wave Animation to the Cyclic Model
- •7.4.2.4. Phase Sweep of Repeated Eigenvector Shapes
- •7.4.3. Static, Buckling, and Full Harmonic Solutions
- •7.4.4. Mode-Superposition Harmonic Solution
- •7.5. Example Modal Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.5.1. Problem Description
- •7.5.2. Problem Specifications
- •7.5.3. Input File for the Analysis
- •7.5.4. Analysis Steps
- •7.6. Example Buckling Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.6.1. Problem Description
- •7.6.2. Problem Specifications
- •7.6.3. Input File for the Analysis
- •7.6.4. Analysis Steps
- •7.6.5. Solve For Critical Strut Temperature at Load Factor = 1.0
- •7.7. Example Harmonic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.7.1. Problem Description
- •7.7.2. Problem Specifications
- •7.7.3. Input File for the Analysis
- •7.7.4. Analysis Steps
- •7.8. Example Magnetic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
- •7.8.1. Problem Description
- •7.8.2. Problem Specifications
- •7.8.3. Input file for the Analysis
- •Chapter 8: Rotating Structure Analysis
- •8.1. Understanding Rotating Structure Dynamics
- •8.2. Using a Stationary Reference Frame
- •8.2.1. Campbell Diagram
- •8.2.2. Harmonic Analysis for Unbalance or General Rotating Asynchronous Forces
- •8.2.3. Orbits
- •8.3. Using a Rotating Reference Frame
- •8.4. Choosing the Appropriate Reference Frame Option
- •8.5. Example Campbell Diagram Analysis
- •8.5.1. Problem Description
- •8.5.2. Problem Specifications
- •8.5.3. Input for the Analysis
- •8.5.4. Analysis Steps
- •8.6. Example Coriolis Analysis
- •8.6.1. Problem Description
- •8.6.2. Problem Specifications
- •8.6.3. Input for the Analysis
- •8.6.4. Analysis Steps
- •8.7. Example Unbalance Harmonic Analysis
- •8.7.1. Problem Description
- •8.7.2. Problem Specifications
- •8.7.3. Input for the Analysis
- •8.7.4. Analysis Steps
- •Chapter 9: Submodeling
- •9.1. Understanding Submodeling
- •9.1.1. Nonlinear Submodeling
- •9.2. Using Submodeling
- •9.2.1. Create and Analyze the Coarse Model
- •9.2.2. Create the Submodel
- •9.2.3. Perform Cut-Boundary Interpolation
- •9.2.4. Analyze the Submodel
- •9.3. Example Submodeling Analysis Input
- •9.3.1. Submodeling Analysis Input: No Load-History Dependency
- •9.3.2. Submodeling Analysis Input: Load-History Dependency
- •9.4. Shell-to-Solid Submodels
- •9.5. Where to Find Examples
- •Chapter 10: Substructuring
- •10.1. Benefits of Substructuring
- •10.2. Using Substructuring
- •10.2.1. Step 1: Generation Pass (Creating the Superelement)
- •10.2.1.1. Building the Model
- •10.2.1.2. Applying Loads and Creating the Superelement Matrices
- •10.2.1.2.1. Applicable Loads in a Substructure Analysis
- •10.2.2. Step 2: Use Pass (Using the Superelement)
- •10.2.2.1. Clear the Database and Specify a New Jobname
- •10.2.2.2. Build the Model
- •10.2.2.3. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
- •10.2.3. Step 3: Expansion Pass (Expanding Results Within the Superelement)
- •10.3. Sample Analysis Input
- •10.4. Top-Down Substructuring
- •10.5. Automatically Generating Superelements
- •10.6. Nested Superelements
- •10.7. Prestressed Substructures
- •10.7.1. Static Analysis Prestress
- •10.7.2. Substructuring Analysis Prestress
- •10.8. Where to Find Examples
- •Chapter 11: Component Mode Synthesis
- •11.1. Understanding Component Mode Synthesis
- •11.1.1. CMS Methods Supported
- •11.1.2. Solvers Used in Component Mode Synthesis
- •11.2. Using Component Mode Synthesis
- •11.2.1. The CMS Generation Pass: Creating the Superelement
- •11.2.2. The CMS Use and Expansion Passes
- •11.2.3. Superelement Expansion in Transformed Locations
- •11.2.4. Plotting or Printing Mode Shapes
- •11.3. Example Component Mode Synthesis Analysis
- •11.3.1. Problem Description
- •11.3.2. Problem Specifications
- •11.3.3. Input for the Analysis: Fixed-Interface Method
- •11.3.4. Analysis Steps: Fixed-Interface Method
- •11.3.5. Input for the Analysis: Free-Interface Method
- •11.3.6. Analysis Steps: Free-Interface Method
- •11.3.7. Input for the Analysis: Residual-Flexible Free-Interface Method
- •11.3.8. Analysis Steps: Residual-Flexible Free-Interface Method
- •11.3.9. Example: Superelement Expansion in a Transformed Location
- •11.3.9.1. Analysis Steps: Superelement Expansion in a Transformed Location
- •11.3.10. Example: Reduce the Damping Matrix and Compare Full and CMS Results with RSTMAC
- •Chapter 12: Rigid-Body Dynamics and the ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
- •12.1. Understanding the ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
- •12.2. Building the Model
- •12.3. Modeling Interface Points
- •12.4. Exporting to ADAMS
- •12.4.1. Exporting to ADAMS via Batch Mode
- •12.4.2. Verifying the Results
- •12.5. Running the ADAMS Simulation
- •12.6. Transferring Loads from ADAMS
- •12.6.1. Transferring Loads on a Rigid Body
- •12.6.1.1. Exporting Loads in ADAMS
- •12.6.1.2. Importing Loads
- •12.6.1.3. Importing Loads via Commands
- •12.6.1.4. Reviewing the Results
- •12.6.2. Transferring the Loads of a Flexible Body
- •12.7. Methodology Behind the ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
- •12.7.1. The Modal Neutral File
- •12.7.2. Adding Weak Springs
- •12.8. Example Rigid-Body Dynamic Analysis
- •12.8.1. Problem Description
- •12.8.2. Problem Specifications
- •12.8.3. Command Input
- •Chapter 13: Element Birth and Death
- •13.1. Elements Supporting Birth and Death
- •13.2. Understanding Element Birth and Death
- •13.3. Element Birth and Death Usage Hints
- •13.3.1. Changing Material Properties
- •13.4. Using Birth and Death
- •13.4.1. Build the Model
- •13.4.2. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
- •13.4.2.1. Define the First Load Step
- •13.4.2.1.1. Sample Input for First Load Step
- •13.4.2.2. Define Subsequent Load Steps
- •13.4.2.2.1. Sample Input for Subsequent Load Steps
- •13.4.3. Review the Results
- •13.4.4. Use Analysis Results to Control Birth and Death
- •13.4.4.1. Sample Input for Deactivating Elements
- •13.5. Where to Find Examples
- •Chapter 14: User-Programmable Features and Nonstandard Uses
- •14.1. User-Programmable Features (UPFs)
- •14.1.1. Understanding UPFs
- •14.1.2. Types of UPFs Available
- •14.2. Nonstandard Uses of the ANSYS Program
- •14.2.1. What Are Nonstandard Uses?
- •14.2.2. Hints for Nonstandard Use of ANSYS
- •Chapter 15: State-Space Matrices Export
- •15.1. State-Space Matrices Based on Modal Analysis
- •15.1.1. Examples of SPMWRITE Command Usage
- •15.1.2. Example of Reduced Model Generation in ANSYS and Usage in Simplorer
- •15.1.2.1. Problem Description
- •15.1.2.2. Problem Specifications
- •15.1.2.3. Input File for the Analysis
- •Chapter 16: Soil-Pile-Structure Analysis
- •16.1. Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction Analysis
- •16.1.1. Automatic Pile Subdivision
- •16.1.2. Convergence Criteria
- •16.1.3. Soil Representation
- •16.1.4. Mudslides
- •16.1.5. Soil-Pile Interaction Results
- •16.1.5.1. Displacements and Reactions
- •16.1.5.2. Forces and Stresses
- •16.1.5.3. UNITY Check Data
- •16.2. Soil Data Definition and Examples
- •16.2.1. Soil Profile Data Definition
- •16.2.1.1. Mudline Position Definition
- •16.2.1.2. Common Factors for P-Y, T-Z Curves
- •16.2.1.3. Horizontal Soil Properties (P-Y)
- •16.2.1.3.1. P-Y curves defined explicitly
- •16.2.1.3.2. P-Y curves generated from given soil properties
- •16.2.1.4. Vertical Soil Properties (T-Z)
- •16.2.1.4.1. T-Z curves defined explicitly
- •16.2.1.4.2. T-Z curves generated from given soil properties
- •16.2.1.5. End Bearing Properties (ENDB)
- •16.2.1.5.1. ENDB curve defined explicitly
- •16.2.1.5.2. ENDB curves generated from given soil properties
- •16.2.1.6. Mudslide Definition
- •16.2.2. Soil Data File Examples
- •16.2.2.1. Example 1: Constant Linear Soil
- •16.2.2.2. Example 2: Non-Linear Soil
- •16.2.2.3. Example 3: Soil Properties Defined in 5 Layers
- •16.2.2.4. Example 4: Soil Properties Defined in 5 Layers with Mudslide
- •16.3. Performing a Soil-Pile Interaction Analysis
- •16.3.2. Mechanical APDL Component System Example
- •16.3.3. Static Structural Component System Example
- •16.4. Soil-Pile-Structure Results
- •16.5. References
- •Chapter 17: Coupling to External Aeroelastic Analysis of Wind Turbines
- •17.1. Sequential Coupled Wind Turbine Solution in Mechanical APDL
- •17.1.1. Procedure for a Sequentially Coupled Wind Turbine Analysis
- •17.1.2. Output from the OUTAERO Command
- •Chapter 18: Applying Ocean Loading from a Hydrodynamic Analysis
- •18.1. How Hydrodynamic Analysis Data Is Used
- •18.2. Hydrodynamic Load Transfer with Forward Speed
- •18.3. Hydrodynamic Data File Format
- •18.3.1. Comment (Optional)
- •18.3.2. General Model Data
- •18.3.3. Hydrodynamic Surface Geometry
- •18.3.4. Wave Periods
- •18.3.5. Wave Directions
- •18.3.6. Panel Pressures
- •18.3.7. Morison Element Hydrodynamic Definition
- •18.3.8. Morison Element Wave Kinematics Definition
- •18.3.9. RAO Definition
- •18.3.10. Mass Properties
- •18.4. Example Analysis Using Results from a Hydrodynamic Diffraction Analysis
- •Index
- •ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
- •ВВЕДЕНИЕ
- •1.1. Методология проектирования технологических объектов
- •1.2. Компьютерные технологии проектирования
- •1.3. Системы автоматизированного проектирования в технике
- •1.4. Системы инженерного анализа
- •2.2.1. Создание и сохранение чертежа
- •2.2.2. Изменение параметров чертежа
- •2.2.3. Заполнение основной надписи
- •2.2.4. Создание нового вида. Локальная система координат
- •2.2.5. Вычерчивание изображения прокладки
- •2.2.6. Простановка размеров
- •2.2.7. Ввод технических требований
- •2.2.8. Задание материала изделия
- •2.3. Сложные разрезы в чертеже детали «Основание»
- •2.3.1. Подготовка чертежа
- •Cохранить документ.
- •2.3.2. Черчение по сетке из вспомогательных линий
- •2.3.3. Изображение разрезов
- •2.4. Чертежи общего вида при проектировании
- •3.1. Интерфейс программы
- •3.2. Общее представление о трехмерном моделировании
- •3.3. Основные операции геометрического моделирования
- •3.3.1. Операция выдавливания
- •3.3.2. Операция вращения
- •3.3.3. Кинематическая операция
- •3.3.4. Построение тела по сечениям
- •3.4. Операции конструирования
- •3.4.1. Построение фасок и скруглений
- •3.4.2. Построение уклона
- •3.4.3. Сечение модели плоскостью
- •3.4.4. Сечение по эскизу
- •3.4.5. Создание моделей-сборок
- •3.5. Разработка электронных 3D-моделей тепловых устройств
- •3.5.1. Электронные модели в ЕСКД
- •3.5.2. Электронные «чертежи» в ЕСКД
- •3.5.4. Электронная модель сборочного изделия «Газовая горелка»
- •ГЛАВА 4. ИНЖЕНЕРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ГАЗОДИНАМИКИ И ТЕПЛООБМЕНА В ANSYS CFX
- •4.1. Область применения ANSYS CFX
- •4.2. Особенности вычислительного процесса в ANSYS CFX
- •4.3. Программы, используемые при расчетах в ANSYS CFX
- •4.4. Организация процесса вычислений в среде пакета Workbench
- •4.4.1. Графический интерфейс пользователя
- •5.1. Постановка теплофизических задач в ANSYS Multiphysics
- •5.2. Решение задач в пакете ANSYS Multiphysics
- •5.2.1. Графический интерфейс пользователя
- •5.2.2. Этапы препроцессорной подготовки решения
- •5.2.3. Этап получения решения и постпроцессорной обработки результатов
- •5.3.5. Нестационарный теплообмен. Нагрев пластины в печи с жидким теплоносителем
- •5.4.1. Температурные напряжения при нагреве
- •БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
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Index
Symbols
.mnf suffix, 325 2-D to 3-D analysis
benefits, 155 initial-state-based analysis, 161 introduction to, 155
key commands, 158
map solution variables, 161 performing, 159 requirements, 155 restrictions, 161
selecting a region for remeshing, 160 starting, 160
substep at which to initiate, 159 supported analyses, 155 understanding the process, 157
A
ADAMS (see ANSYS-ADAMS Interface) ADAMS.MAC macro, 325
adaptive meshing
activating custom subroutines, 82
ADAPT macro: customizing (via UADAPT.MAC), 83 custom loads (via ADAPTBC.MAC), 82
custom meshing (via ADAPTMSH.MAC), 81 custom solution (via ADAPTSOL.MAC), 82 element types for, 79
example problems: finding, 84 hints, 83
modifying the basic process, 80 overview of, 79
prerequisites for, 79 process involved, 79 selective adaptivity, 80
user subroutines: employing, 81 aeroelastic analysis, 375 ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
ADAMS simulation: running, 321 ADAMS.MAC macro, 325
batch mode
exporting to ADAMS, 320 importing loads, 324
example analysis, 326 exporting to ADAMS, 318 interface points: modeling, 317 introduction, 315
loads
transferring from ADAMS to ANSYS, 321 methodology employed by, 325
modal neutral file, 318, 325 model: building, 316 overview of, 315 rigid-body dynamics, 315
verifying results following export to ADAMS, 320 weak springs, 323, 325-326
automatic rezoning, 135
B
birth and death of elements applying loads and solving, 333 building the model, 333 constraint equations, 332 controlled by analysis results, 335 example problems, 335
first load step: defining, 333 in linear models, 332
initial strain, 332-333
material properties: changing, 333 multiple load steps, 332 Newton-Raphson option, 332 nodal constraints and loads, 333 overview of, 331
reviewing results, 334 sample input, 334-335
status of an element: determining, 332 strain, 331
subsequent load steps: defining, 334 supported elements, 331
usage guidelines, 332 using in an analysis, 333
C
Campbell diagram, 225 CDB generic mesh file, 101
CMS (see component mode synthesis) component mode synthesis
database: saving copy during generation pass, 287 definition of, 285
example analysis, 290
example:expanding a superelement in a transformed location, 305
expanding superelements in transformed locations, 290
expansion pass, 289 generation pass, 287 introduction to, 285
lumped mass approximation, 287 master DOFs, 287
methods supported, 285
mode shapes: plotting or printing, 290 offsets: applying to node and element IDs, 290
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process (passes) involved, 287 solvers and files used, 286
specifying CMS results files for postprocessing, 290 superelement: creating, 287
understanding, 285 use pass, 289
constraint equations
in a cyclic symmetry analysis, 172 Coriolis effect, 223
cut boundary displacement method (see submodeling) cyclic symmetry analysis
ANCYC command, 196 automated, 163 availability, 163
basic sector, 165 buckling, 183
commands affected by non-cyclic loading, 176 constraint equations for non-cyclically symmetric loading, 173
coupling and constraint equations (CEs), 172 CYCLIC command, 166
database: saving after solution, 192 definition of cyclic symmetry, 163 deleting a sector load, 173
Duplicate Sector solution method, 171 edge component pairs, 166
edge node patterns: identical vs. dissimilar, 169 example: buckling, 203
example: modal, 198 EXPAND command, 196 expanding the solution, 196 geometric nonlinearity, 181
graphical picking of non-cyclic boundary conditions, 176
harmonic index, 178 inconsistent constraints, 173 introduction to, 163
large-deflection prestressed modal, 181 linear buckling, 183
meshing the cyclic sector, 169 modal, 178
model only one sector, 163
model verification during preprocessing, 171 model verification during solution, 192 modeling, 164
most common commands, 164
naming convention for lowand high-edge component pairs, 166
nodal diameter, 178 non-cyclic loading, 176
non-cyclically symmetric loading, 173
phase sweep of repeated eigenvector shapes, 197
plotting and listing non-cyclic BCs, 176 postprocessing, 193
prestressed modal, 180
real and imaginary solution components:understanding, 195
sector angle, 166
SECTOR primary variable, 173 solution architecture, 171 solving, 171
static (linear and large-deflection nonlinear), 176 stress-free modal, 179
traveling wave animation, 196 understanding, 163
unmatched nodes on edge-component pairs, 170 vt accelerator, 178, 181
D
damping substructuring, 266
diffracted wave, 381
E
elements
birth and death of, 331 expansion pass
substructuring, 275
F
files
.mnf, 325 Jobname.LOOP, 3 Jobname.NODE, 249 Jobname.PDS, 3
probabilistic design analysis file, 9 sename.sub, 266
fixed-interface CMS method, 285
flexible body dynamics (see rotating structure analysis) free-interface CMS method, 285
H
hydrodynamic analysis, 381
J
Jobname
in a submodeling analysis, 247 in a substructure analysis, 265
L
loads
substructuring, 266
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M
macros ADAMS.MAC, 325
manual rezoning, 87 material properties
changing to deactivate or reactivate elements, 333 mesh nonlinear adaptivity, 135
meshing adaptive, 79
modal neutral file, 325 model generation
adaptive meshing, 79
N
natural frequencies, 230 Newton-Raphson
birth and death analysis, 332 nonstandard uses of ANSYS, 339
O
ocean loading, 381 offsets
to node and element IDs in a CMS analysis, 290
P
PDS (see probabilistic design) pile analysis, 347 probabilistic design
algorithms available, 24, 51 analysis file
creating, 9 specifying, 13
analysis flow, 3
analysis results: reviewing, 41
and traditional analysis methods: comparison of, 2 correlations between random variables, 20 cumulative distribution function: plotting, 42 definition of, 1
employing, 8 example analysis, 69 example problem, 10
histogram: plotting, 42 HTML report: generating, 67
inverse probabilities: requesting, 42 loops: executing, 25
Monte Carlo Simulation method, 51 parallel execution, 27
parameters: establishing, 12 PDS database
clearing, 69 description of, 3 saving, 68
postprocessing, 59
print correlation matrix, 43
Probabilistic Method Determination Wizard, 24 probability value: printing, 42
process involved, 8 random input variables
declaring, 14 visualizing, 20
random output parameters: specifying, 23 report options, 43
response surface analysis: sampling methods, 55 response surfaces: fitting and using, 38 restarting an analysis, 68
results data: reviewing, 41 results report: creating, 44 sample history: plotting, 42 scatter plot, 43 sensitivities, 43
serial execution, 27 statistics: viewing, 42 techniques available, 51 terminology
analysis file, 3 loop file, 3 looping, 3
random input variables (RVs), 3 random output parameters (RPs), 3 response surface set, 3
simulation, 3 simulation loop, 3 solution set, 3
trends: viewing, 43 understanding, 1 using, 8
variables: guidelines for defining, 44 when to use, 3
Probabilistic Design System (PDS) (see probabilistic design)
Probabilistic Method Determination Wizard (see probabilistic design)
R
residual-flexible free-interface CMS method, 285 rezoning
automatic (see mesh nonlinear adaptivity) balancing residual forces, 118
benefits, 87
contract boundaries, 116
convergence difficulties during mapping operation, 120
example, 124, 127
file structures for repeated rezonings, 121
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395 |
vk.com/club152685050Index | vk.com/id446425943
forces and isolated applied displacements, 116 horizontal rezoning, 101
introduction to, 87 key commands, 96 limitations, 89
mapping variables, 118 mesh control during, 114 multiframe restart after, 120
multiple regions remeshed at the same substep,101 nodal temperatures, 116
postprocessing results, 121
pressure and contiguous displacements, 116 remeshing, 99
repeating as needed, 120 requirements, 90 restrictions, 123
selecting a region for remeshing, 98 starting, 98
substep at which to initiate, 97 supported analyses, 90 understanding the process, 92
using a generic (third-party) mesh, 101 using manual mesh splitting, 105 variable mapping, 118
rigid-body dynamics, 315 rotating structure analysis Campbell diagram, 225
Campbell diagram analysis example, 231 choosing the appropriate reference frame option, 230
Coriolis analysis example, 234 flexible body dynamics, 228
harmonic analysis for unbalance forces example,236 introduction to, 223
natural frequencies, 230 rotating reference frame, 228 rotordynamics, 224
stationary reference frame, 224 understanding, 223
rotordynamics (see rotating structure analysis)
S
soil data description, 357 soil-pile-structure analysis, 347
soil data description, 357 solid modeling
adaptive meshing, 79 mesh density, 79
State-Space Matrices Export of, 341
submodeling, 245
analyzing the submodel, 250
coarse model: creating and analyzing, 247 creating the submodel, 248
cut-boundary interpolation: performing, 249 distance between cut boundaries and stress concentration: verifying, 252
example input, 253 example problems, 261 introduction, 245 shell-to-solid, 259 understanding, 245
Submodeling
process involved, 246 substructuring
applying loads, 266 benefits of, 263 bottom-up, 278 damping, 266
example problems, 283 expansion pass, 275 generation pass, 264 introduction to, 263 nested superelements, 282 prestressed, 282
process (passes) involved, 263 sample input, 278
top-down, 279 use pass, 270
superelements
and substructuring, 263
expanding in transformed locations, 290 generating automatically, 281
T
traveling wave animation, 196
U
UPFs (see user-programmable features) user-programmable features
available types, 338 overview of, 337 process involved, 337
V
Variational Technology, 75
W
wind turbine analysis, 375 sequentially coupled, 375
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ANSYS WORKBENCH
I
2010
»
ANSYS WORKBENCH
I
2010
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004.9(03)
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1. .......................................................................................... |
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1.1. ................................................................................................................................. |
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1.2. ........................................................................................................ |
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1.3. ...................................... |
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1.4. ....................................................................... |
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1.5. . ................................. |
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1.6. .................................................................................................... |
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1.8. ............................................................................... |
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1.9. .............. |
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1.10. ........................................... |
42 |
1.10.1. ......................... |
49 |
1.10.2. ............................ |
51 |
1.10.3. ........................... |
53 |
1.11. ANSYS ................................................................................... |
57 |
.............................................................. |
60 |
2. ANSYS WORKBENCH......................................................................... |
61 |
2.1. Workbench .................................................................................. |
62 |
2.2. Workbench.......................................................................................... |
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3. .............................................................................. |
74 |
3.1. Design Modeler.............................................................. |
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3.2. .......................................................................... |
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3.2.1. ............................................................................................. |
86 |
3.2.2. ........................................................................ |
88 |
3.2.3. .................................................... |
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3.2.4. ...................................................................... |
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3.3. .............................................................................................. |
99 |
3.3.1. ..................................................................... |
99 |
3.3.2. ........................................................................... |
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3.3.3. ..................................................... |
123 |
3.4. ................................................................ |
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3.5. ........................................................................ |
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4. .................................................. |
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4.1. .......................................... |
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4.2. .......................................................................................... |
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4.5. .................................................................... |
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5. .............................................................. |
171 |
5.1. ............................................................................................................ |
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5.2. ................................................................................. |
174 |
5.3. Mesh Control ............................................................................................. |
181 |
5.3.1. ..................................................................................... |
181 |
5.3.2. ..................................................................................... |
189 |
5.3.3. .................................................................. |
195 |
5.3.4. Refinement .................................................................................................. |
195 |
5.3.5. ............................................................... |
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5.3.6. .................................................................... |
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5.4. ............................................................................. |
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5.5. ........................................................................................... |
204 |
5.6. ................................................................................... |
204 |
5.7. Mechanical ANSYS .. |
208 |
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6. . ............................. |
211 |
6.1. ...................................................................... |
213 |
6.1.1. ............................................................................................. |
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6.1.2. ..................................................................................... |
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6.2. ........................................................................................................... |
234 |
6.3. .......................................................................................... |
241 |
6.3.1. ......................................................................................... |
243 |
6.3.2. ............................................................................................. |
245 |
6.3.3. ....................................................................... |
247 |
6.3.4. ......................................................................... |
249 |
6.3.5. ............................................................................... |
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6.3.6. ...................................................................... |
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4
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vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
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35
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
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37
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
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39
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(89)-(93) : -
(89) (92), (93)
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47
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
, (109),
-
:
m
Kij Kij e , i, j 1,..., n ; (110)
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(91) – -
(92) –
(101).
(93) -
,
.
1.10.1.
. .
,
A ( . 1.9). i –
q, j – -
qh.
49
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
Ti |
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. 1.11 |
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52 |
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: T1= 100 C, T2= 80 C, T3= 60 C.
-
, . 1.11. L 0, 2
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54
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T1 = 100 ,
–
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, (120)-(125): |
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-
(110) (112):
55
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0
Q 0,1T3 0 . (144)1
t = 500 .
(119), :
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(119),
T1 = 100 -
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0, 2333 T |
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. 1.1.
56
1.1
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500 |
100 |
49,7 |
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11,2 |
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1000 |
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1.11. ANSYS
ANSYS -
, -
, -
, , , -. . -
-
.
(Batch) -
(Interactive) .
-
APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language)
ANSYS. , ,
ANSYS .
, -
, , « – » .
-
(GUI) ANSYS,
Workbench.
.
, -
. -
– , -
-
.
57
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
-
ANSYS . -
( )
. -
:
1.( -
, , .), -
.
2.-
.
.
3.-
. -
ANSYS.
( , ,
.), .
4..
ANSYS
PREP7. Workbench Design Modeler. -
CAD-
.
5..
.
6.-, .
–
– :
1.– , ( ) .
2.( , , -
.).
(
, .).
58
3. , -
. ,
( -
, .).
( ) – . -
( , ,
, .)
ANSYS , , , . -
.
-
ANSYS ,
.
.
(Help) ANSYS
.
, -
.
ANSYS, Inc. -
– Workbench, -
. Workbench
, , -
, , -
, , . Workbench CAD CAE,
. ,
Workbench
ANSYS , -
, . -
ANSYS, Inc. Workbench -
,
.
Workbench .
59
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
1.?
2., ?
3.?
4..
?
5..
6.?
7.?
8.-
.
9.?
10..
11.( )?
12.?
13..
14.?
?
16.?
17.-
?
18..
19.-
.
20. -
?
21. ANSYS?
60
2. ANSYS WORKBENCH
ANSYS Workbench -
, -
, -
, .
, -
. ,
– , -
. -
:
( ). -
,
, , -
. -
, ;
. -
, , -
, .
, -
;
( ). -
( , -
, .).
, , , -
.
.
, , -
, , -
, .
,
61
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
-
. Workbench -
, , -
-,
.
2.1. WORKBENCH
ANSYS Workbench
/ANSYS 12/Workbench. -
, -
. ( . 2.1).
. 2.1
,
Windows. -
.
62
Project Schematic -
,
Workbench
. 2.2).
( ) -
. -
. |
. 2.2 |
|
Toolbox – - |
||
|
, Project Schematic. -
, -
( . 2.3). : Analysis Systems – ,
, ANSYS.
.
Component Systems – ,
-
, :
, -
.
Custom Systems -
-
, -
-
. 2.3
. -
, -
. Design Exploration -
,
.
63
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
Properties – , -
-
Project Schematic -.
,
-
,
,
. 2.4 . . 2.4
Geometry.
,
, -
.
Messages,
,
( . 2.5). -
, Messages
, ANSYS -
, .
Hide/Show Messages, -
Workbench.
. 2.5
Workbench -
. , -
.
64
Reset Window Layout View.
-
( . 2.6).
, -
-
( -
) -
Workbench
. 2.6
CAD/CAE- .
Refresh Project
, Update Project
-
. Compact Mode -
Workbench,
( . 2.7).
. 2.7
Workbench
Tools/Options. . 2.8 -
65
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
.
Restore Defaults .
. 2.8
Units , -
( . 2.9).
-
. , , -
.
ANSYS Workbench
Help
. -
-
F1,
-
, -
. 2.9 , . -
.
66
2.2.WORKBENCH
, ANSYS -
; -
Toolbox, ( . 2.10).
:
Static Structural – ;
Transient Structural – ;
Steady-State Thermal – ;
Transient Thermal – ;
Modal – ;
Harmonic Response – ;
Linear Buckling – ;
Explicit Dynamics – .
-
, , -
-
. . 2.10,
-
: ANSYS, Samcef, MBD
.
-
. 2.11.
Workbench -
. Workbench 2.0
,
|
. 2.10 |
67 |
|
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
, -
( . . 2.11). -
-
,
.
. 2.11
:
Toolbox Project Schematic.
-. . -
( ) ;
-
Toolbox.
( ) .
Project Schematic
( . 2.12) :
(Update), (Duplicate),
(Replace With),
68
(Clear Generated Data), (Delete),
(Rename),
(Properties).
,
( . 2.13).
,
,
. 2.12
(Edit), (Update),
(Transfer Data From New) .
,
.
,
Engineering Data, .
( . . 2.11). -
,
( .
Setup . 2.11).
,
( .
Solution Results
. 2.11),
. 2.13
,
.
Workbench
. ,
69
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
, -
.
,
,
.
.
. 2.14
Workbench ,
:
(Transfer Data) (Share).
.
,
.
,
.
. 2.14 -
.
70
(Engineering Data), (Geometry),
(Model) ,
Share.
,
Solution Steady-State Thermal Setup Static Structural .
.
Toolbox, -
, -
. , Geometry, -
, Engineering Data Geometry. , Model, -
, Engineering Data, Geometry Model. ,
, ,
( . 2.15).
. 2.15
. -
( . 2.16) Transfer Data To New Transfer Data From New -
. -
71
vk.com/club152685050 | vk.com/id446425943
,
. -
-. -
.
Workbench.
.wbpj
. 2.16
. -
.
dp0. -
, ,
dpN,
N .
:
(.agdb) (.mechdb);
(.mechdb);
(file.rst);
ANSYS, Workbench (ds.dat);
(file.err);
(solve.out).
, , -
, ,
user_files.
72
1.ANSYS Workbench. :
Workbench?
Project Schematic Toolbox?
Static Structural,
Transient Structural, Steady-State Thermal Modal?
?
Import ?
Refresh Project Update Project -
?
2. -
. « ». -
« ». :
Geometry,
Model, Results?
?
?
?
, ?
« »,
« »?
3. : -
. -
. -
:
? -
?
, ?
?
, ?
4.Workbench?
5.?
6.file.rst?
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3.
Geometry. Design Modeler,
. -
Design Modeler -
,
ANSYS, .
-
,
Geometry, -
, -
Properties . 3.1).
Basic Geometry Options -
-
, , , -
,
, -
,
Advanced Geometry Options -
:
(
3D -
),
CAD- ,
-
.
, ,
. 3.1
.
74
3.1. DESIGN MODELER
, -
.
,
Geometry, -
,
– New Geometry . 3.2). Workbench -
Design Modeler; -
-
, . 3.3.
. 3.2
Design ModelerCAD-
, , Import Geometry. ANSYS
, : Parasolid (.x_b, .x_t), IGES (.iges,
.igs), SolidWorks (.SLDPRT, .SLDASM), Unigraphics NX (.prt), Inventor (.ipt, .iam), Pro/Engineer (.prt, .asm), ACIS (.sat) . -
, Design Modeler,
.agdb. -
, Reset
. . 3.2).
Design Modeler
:
.
.
;
(Tree Outline).
;
(Details View).
;
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(Graphics). -
.
. 3.3
:
File -
;
Create –
;
Concept – -
;
Tools – -
,
;
View – -
;
Help – Design Modeler.
76
(Tree Outline) -
-
-
-
( . 3.4).
, -
. -
-
, -
.
|
. 3.4 |
|
, -
.
,
. 3.6).
. 3.4.
. 3.5
(Details View)
, ( .
. 3.6). -
, ,
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. -
,
.
(Graphics) -
-
,
, -
. -
.
-
. 3.7. -
, -
.
-
. 3.6
.
:
– . -
-
. -
Ctrl, . -
Ctrl.
-
. .
– .
. Ctrl, -
78
, Shift, -
. ,
, – ,
( . . 3.7).
– .
.
,
. , -
.
. 3.7
-
, -
. -
Esc.
, , -
: , , . Design Modeler -
, -
. -
: . -
,
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, .
-
( . 3.8).
. 3.8
, -
-
.
(« »),
Extend to Adjacent
. Extend to Limits -
, ; -
, .
-
Flood Blends. ,
, -
Flood Area.
-
, , -
. Design Modeler
, ,
,
( . 3.9).
80
-
-
-
.
,
-
.
. 3.9
3.2.
.
, ,
.
-
. -
Design Modeler
: -
(Sketching) –
,
(Modeling) –
-
.
-
-
. 3.10
( . 3.10).
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Design Modeler
Oxyz,
: x – , y – , z – .
, -
,
. ,
. -
: Oxy (XYPlane), Oxz (ZXPlane), Oyz (YZPlane). , -
Create New Plane 
-
.
Details View. ( Plane)
( . 3.11):
From Plane – ;
From Face – ;
From Point and Edge – ;
From Point and Normal – , -
;
From Three Points – ;
From Coordinates – , -
.
, , -
– (Base Plane),
(Base Face), (Base Point, Base Edge) . -
, :
(Axes) – -
, , ;
(Offset) –
;
(Rotate) – -
.
82
. 3.11
-
Transform ,
. -
: -
Move Transform Up – -
Move Transform Down
. -
Remove Transform.
-
, , Generate
. Design Modeler
. , -
Generate -
; ,
.
,
.
-
.
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Sketch1, -
, .
,
: (Hide Sketch), -
(Look at), -
(Show Dependencies),
(Rename) (Delete) . -
(Look at)
, Sketching.
(Tree Outline)
(Sketching Toolboxes),
( . 3.12):
Draw – ;
Modify – ;
Dimensions – ;
Constraints – -
;
Settings – .
|
- |
|
: |
|
|
|
, - |
|
. |
|
- |
|
Modify - |
|
- |
|
Constraints – |
|
. |
|
, |
|
- |
|
|
. 3.12 |
Generate. |
|
84 |
, -
, .
, -
. -
,
.
Settings -Sketching Toolboxes. :
(Grid). : Show in 2D – Snap –
;
(Major Grid Spacing).
. -
;
(Minor-Steps per Major). -
. -
, , -
; , ,
;
(Snaps per Minor). -
-
, .
, ,
,
. , , -
.
Draw, Modify, Dimensions, Constraints. -
-
. , -
ANSYS Design Modeler.
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3.2.1.
Design Modeler
. -
Draw :
(Line).
;
, (Tangent Line). -
-. -
, ;
, (Line by 2 Tangents).
;
(Polyline). .
-
,
Open End. ,
Closed End;
(Polygon).
. -
n;
(Rectangle). ,
. -
Rectangle by 3 Points;
(Oval). , -
-
.
;
(Circle). ,
. ,
, Circle by 3 Tangents;
(Arc by Tangent). ,
86
.
,
.
(Arc by 3 Points)
(Arc by Center);
(Ellipse). ,
;
(Spline). , -
. -
Polyline. -
: -
(Open End),
(Open End with Points), (Closed End), -
(Closed End with Points);
(Construction Point).
. ,
,
Construction Point at Intersection, -
.
-
(Sketching Toolboxes). Esc.
, ,
Undo . -
Redo.
. -
, , -
. -
.
,
, Back.
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-
,
Details View. . 3.13 -
.
-
( Full Circle).
. 3.13 -
, , ,
.
3.2.2.
-
. Modify -
:
(Fillet). , -
. , -
Radius. -
.
, :
(Trim Both), (Trim 1st, Trim 2nd),
(Trim None), (Full Circle);
(Chamfer). .
Length. -
, . -
-
;
(Corner). -
. -
,
;
88
(Trim).
; -
, . -
.
, -
Ignore Axis;
(Extend).
. -
Ignore Axis;
(Split). . -
: Split at Select , -
, Split Edges at Point – ,
; Split Edges at All Points -
; Split Edge into n Equal Segments – n ;
(Drag).
. ,
, .
. -
, ,
, ;
(Cut). -
.
« » (Paste Handle) , -
.
. ,
, . -
( )
: End/Set Paste Handle – -
, End/Use Plane Origin as Handle – -
-
, End/Use Default Paste Handle –
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-
. Clear Selection
. -
, -
. (Paste),
: (r)
(f)
. -
( . 3.14),
.
. , -
, .
End.
Esc.
, , -
;
. 3.14
(Copy).
. ,
Cut, ; -
.
(Move). . -
,
90
;
(Replicate). .
,
;
(Duplicate). -
.
( . 3.15),
-
, .
;
. 3.15
(Offset). , -
. -
. -
,
End Selection/Place Offset.
, , -
. , -
, ;
(Spline Edit). -
, Spline. -
.
, -
, , . -
,
.
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3.2.3.
, -
-
, -
.
,
. -
, -
. Constraints, -
, :
(Fixed). -
. -
( -
).
Fixed Endpoints – -
.
;
(Horizontal). -
( -
X). , X
;
(Vertical). -
( Y).
, Y ;
(Perpendicular).
-
. , -
-
. , ,
-
;
(Tangent). -
. -
92
, , -
;
(Coincident). -, -
. ;
(Midpoint). -
.
;
(Symmetry).
. ,
, ( , ).
. -
( Select new symmetry axis);
(Parallel). -
.
, -
. ,
, -
( Select multiple). -
.;
(Concentric). -, . -
, ,
;
(Equal Radius).
. -
, , -
;
(Equal Length).
. , -
, -
;
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(Equal Distance).
. -
.
-
(1-2 2-3, 2-3 3-4 .).
Design Modeler
, : -
, , , -
. -
. 3.16.
. 3.16
Auto Constraints -
. : Cursors Global. Cursors -
, -
, -
. Global -
.
Design Modeler -
. -
,
, ,
. -
. -
,
94
, Design Modeler
.
AutoConstraints.
3.2.4.
-
,
, , , -
. -
, , , , Design Modeler . -
, , , , -
.
,
: ,
,
. -
. -
. Design Modeler -
,
,
(over-constrained) .
Dimensions.
Semi-Automatic. Design Modeler -
; , -
. ,
, Details View. -
: Skip –
; Exit –
; Continue –
.
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|
. - |
|
Dimension; |
, , , , . - |
|
. |
- |
|
, - |
. - |
|
. Design Modeler |
, - |
|
, , |
. |
|
, |
|
|
. , |
. |
|
. |
|
|
(Horizontal). - |
|
|
( X). |
Details View |
|
, , - |
. 3.17). - |
|
, - |
( - |
|
; |
|
. 3.17 |
(Vertical). |
), (Value). |
|
( Y). - |
, - |
|
; |
, Reference Only; - |
|
(Length/Distance). - |
. |
|
. - |
Edit. |
|
, |
|
|
; |
Move. , |
|
(Radius). - |
, - |
|
, . |
. |
|
(RMX) (RMN), |
- |
|
; |
Animate, - |
|
(Diameter). - |
. - |
|
. ; |
, . |
|
(Angle). |
( ) - |
|
. |
Cycles. |
|
: - |
|
|
. - |
. - |
|
( Alternate Angle); |
. |
|
(General). - |
Display Values. Values |
|
96 |
97 |
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, Names – . -
, .
-
-. Design Modeler -
. -
Sketch Instance,
-
. 3.18
,
. -
Details View ( . 3.18) :
Base Sketch – , ( ).
-
. , ,
;
Base X, Base Y – -
. ;
Instance X, Instance Y –
;
Rotate Angle –
(Instance X, Instance Y);
Scale – .
Generate. Design Modeler
. -
, , .
-
.
.
98
3.3.
-
, .
,
Modelling .
-
.
, Details View,
Generate.
:
,
;
,
;
.
3.3.1.
:
, , , -
, .
(Extrude)
-
.
. 3.19 :
Base Object – , -.
;
Operation – , -
. Add Material,
.
, Cut Material , Imprint Faces – « » ,
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. Add Frozen -
( . . 110);
Direction Vector – , .
-
, . None (Normal), ;
Direction – .
: Normal – -
, Reversed – , Both Symmetric -
, Both Asymmetric .
Extent Type – . Fixed –
,
Through All – , To Next -
, To Face – -
, To Surface
-
( . 3.20);
Depth – , -
. .
. 3.19
100
. 3.20
, (Line Body), -
– (Surface Body).
(Revolve) -
( . 3.21). Base Object, Operation Direction Extrude. Axis
– , -
. Angle .
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.
-
, -. -
,
. As Thin/Surface? Yes,
.
(Sweep)
-
. 3.21
. :
Profile – ;
Path – ;
Alignment –
. Path Tangent – -
. Global Axis -
;
Scale – .
;
Twist Specification – ,
.
(No Twist)
Turns –
– Pitch – ,
. Turns Pitch –
.
Sweep . 3.22.
,
. -
102
( ), -. ,
.
. 3.22
(Skin/Loft). ,
-
, . Profiles
, .
,
, -
Ctrl. . 3.23.
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. 3.23
Design Modeler -
, -
(guide line). ,
Fix Guide Line.
. Continue Sketch Selection -
.
,
, .
( . . 3.23). -
.
Details View. -
,
Profiles -
( . 3.24):
104
Move to Top –
;
Move Up – -
;
Move Down –
;
Move to Bottom – - |
. 3.24 |
||
. |
|||
|
|||
, Delete. |
|||
, |
|
|
|
, - |
|
||
( . 3.25). |
|
||
: |
|
|
|
Line Body – |
, - |
|
|
|
( ). |
. 3.25 |
|
,
, Lines From Points, Lines From Edges, Lines From Sketches ( . . 126);
Surface Body – , .
, ,
( Thickness). -
, , -
Surface from Edges, Surface from Sketches, Surfaces from Faces ( . . 128);
Solid – , . -
, , , Primitives ( . . 109).
(Parts) -
Form New Part .
-
.
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- |
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|||||
. |
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||||
. |
Fixed Radius Blend. - |
|
|||||
Extrude, Rotate, Sweep, Skin/Loft - |
|
Geometry - |
|
||||
As Thin/Surface?, . |
, |
- |
|
||||
( No). ( |
, Radius - |
|
|||||
Yes), : Inward Thickness – |
. |
|
|||||
, , Outward Thickness |
|
|
|
|
|||
, . |
, |
- |
. 3.26 |
||||
- |
Variable Radius |
||||||
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|||||||
. , Solid |
Blend. Transitions - |
||||||
. |
: Smooth – , |
||||||
|
Linear – . Start Radius, End Radius - |
||||||
Thin/Surface. |
. - |
||||||
Selection Type - |
- |
||||||
: |
. |
||||||
Faces to Remove – ; |
. 3.26. . |
||||||
Faces to Keep c , - |
|
|
|||||
; |
( . 3.27) - |
|
|||||
Bodies Only – |
Chamfer. - |
|
|||||
. |
Geometry - |
|
|||||
Geometry |
|
|
. |
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||
Selection Type. Direction - |
, |
|
|
||||
: Inward – |
. |
|
|||||
z, Outward - |
Type - |
|
|||||
, Mid-Plane – |
: Left-Right – |
|
|
||||
. |
|
. 3.27 |
|||||
, |
, |
||||||
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|||||||
. Design Mod- |
, Left-Angle (Right-Angle) – - |
||||||
eler , |
- |
||||||
. |
. |
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|
||||
( . Freeze |
(Line Body) |
||||||
Body . 110). |
(Sufrace Body) Vertex Blend. |
||||||
106 |
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107 |
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( Verticies) -
.
, ,
.
, , -
Points. -
: Construction Point – -
, Spot Weld – , -
« », Point Load –
. (
Base Faces) ( Guide Edges), -
( Definition):
Single – , :
(Sigma),
(Edge Offset), -
(Face Offset);
Sequence By Delta – , -
:
(Sigma), (Edge Offset)
(Delta),
(Face Offset);
Sequence By N – , -
:
(Sigma), (Edge Offset),
(N) -
(Omega),
(Face Offset);
From Coordinates File – ,
;
Manual Input – .
Points . 3.28.
108
. 3.28
Design Modeler
: , , , -
, , , . -
Create Primitives ( . 3.29). -
,
(Base Plane), (Origin Definitions), , -
109
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. Operation Add Material, Cut Material -
, .
-
As Thin/Surface?, -
. -
Design Modeler.
. 3.29
. , -, , -
. , Design Modeler -
, -
, , -
.
, ,
, .
, , -
,
. Design Modeler Freeze – ( ) -
.
.
( . 3.30).
110
. 3.30
Freeze
, .
Unfreeze. Freeze Unfreeze
Tools ,
. ,
Generate .
-
, .
Orientation Add Frozen.
-
(Pattern), Create. -
-
. Geometry .
Pattern Type :
Linear – . -
(Direction), (Offset) (Copies);
Circular – . -
, -
(Axis), (Angle)
(Copies). Angle Evenly Spaced
–;
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Rectangular – .
-
.
Pattern -
Pattern Type . 3.31. -
,
, « »
.
. 3.31
-
Body Operation. -
112
, , , -
, . -
Create -
, -
. Bodies , -
. Type
; .
Mirror – ( . 3.32).
Mirror Plane , -
.
No Preserve Bodies?;
. 3.32
Move – .
: (Source Plane) (Destination Plane).
. No Preserve Bodies?, ,
.
. 3.33;
Delete – .
Body Operation
.
113
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. 3.33
Scale – .
,
Scaling Origin): World Origin –
, Body Centroids – , Point –
. (Scaling Factor) -
0,001 1000.
Simplify – . -
Design Modeler . -
Simplify Geometry ( -
Yes). , , -
Simplify Topology;
Sew – ( ). -
(Surface Body),
. -, , -
Tolerance, : Normal – , Loose – , User Define – . -
.
, Yes
Create Solids. Sew -
. 3.34. (0,5 )
, User Tolerance (1 ), -
;
114
. 3.34
Translate – .
, ( Direction Definition): Selection –
, Coordinates – -
.
Distance, – -
X Offset, Y Offset, Z offset. Preserve Bodies?
;
Rotate – . -
, ( Axis Definition): Selection – , Components –
. -
Angle. Preserve Bodies? -
;
Cut Material – .
Body Operation -
(Extrude, Rotate .)
. -
, ( ) .
( Preserve Bodies?
No). Body Operation -
Cut Material . 3.35.
115
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. 3.35
Imprint Faces – -
. Body Operation « -
» . -
-
Operation, Imprint Faces.
-
( . 3.36). (
Preserve Bodies? No);
. 3.36
Slice Material – .
, , -
, . .
( Preserve Bodies?
Yes). Body Operation
. 3.37.
116
. 3.37
, -
Boolean.
(Solids), (Surface Body). (Line Body)
. -
Create.
Operation :
Unite – . Tool Bodies
;
Subtract – . Target Bodies -
, Tool Bodies . Preserve Tool Bodies? -
;
Intersect – . Tool Bodies
, Intersect Result – -
: Intersection of All Bodies –
, Union of All Intersection -
. -
Preserve Tool Bodies? , Yes/No, -
Yes, Sliced, -
(Frozen) .
117
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Boolean
. 3.38.
. 3.38
Slice.
Create , ,
, ( , -
Freeze). Slice Type
:
Slice by Plane – . -
(Base Plane). -
, Slice Targets ( -
– All Bodies) Selected Bodies
. Slice Slice by Plane
. 3.39. -
;
118
. 3.39
Slice By Surface – .
( Target Face) -
(Slice Targets=Select Bodies).
, Slice Targets=All Bodies. Bounded Surface? -
-
( No). Slice
Slice by Surface . 3.40.
Target Face -
Slice By Surface
, .
Bounded Surface?;
Slice Off Faces – .
, -
. Faces. Design Modeler ,
.
Slice Slice Off Faces . 3.41;
119
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. 3.40
. 3.41
120
Slice Off Edges – . -
Slice Off Faces -
(Line body). -
(Cross Section). Edges.
Slice . 3.42.
. 3.42
-
Face Delete, Create.
Faces , Healing Method « »
( Automatic). -
Edge Delete,
. Face Delete Edge Delete
. Face Delete
. 3.43. . 3.44
Edge Delete -
Healing Method. -
,
, No Healing Healing Method -
.
121
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. 3.43
. 3.44
122
-
. -
Sketch Projection, -
. -
, , . -
, ,
-
.
Geometry . -
Generate. -
,
, . -
, , Sketch Instance, ,
.
3.3.3.
, Design Modeler -
, . -
-
, -
,
.
Named Selection,
Tools .
( ), -
, ,
, , .
, ,
123
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. -
, «-».
(Surface body)
Mid-Surface. -
Face Pairs, ,
. -
,
,
. 3.45).
.
. 3.45
-
, -, . , -
,
.
Symmetry Tools. Number of Plains
( 1 3). ,
, -
Mechanical ,
. -
.
-
Symmetry . 3.46.
124
. 3.46
Fill -
. Tools.
( Extraction Type): By Cavity –
, By Caps –
. -
Faces.
(Surface Body).
( Preserve Capping Bodies Preserve Solids). Fill
. 3.47. -
-
, . -
1 2 3, -
(Surface Body). Extraction Type By Caps Fill, ,
2 3 .
(Line Body)
(Surface Body) -
Concept. :
125
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. 3.47
Lines From Points – .
Point Segments -
, -
, Points. -
( Point Pairs) , -
( Point Chains).
, -
; -
(Remove Last Segment) (Clear All Segments). -
Operation,
Add Material, Add Frozen -
;
Lines From Sketches –
. Base Object ,
, (Plane from Face), -
. Operation ;
126
Lines From Edges -
. Edges Faces -
;
. , -
. Operation .
3D Curve
. ,
, Points. -
Definition -
: Point Selection – , From Coordinates File –
. Operation
. -
,
-
: Open End – , , Closed End , , Clear All Points – , Delete Point
– .
Split Edges. Edges , -
, Definition
:
Fractional – .
Fraction , -
0,5 ;
Split by Delta – : Sigma – , Delta – ;
Split by N – N . -
: Sigma – -
, Omega – -
, N – .
127
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, -
. -
Surface From Edges ( . ), -
. -
, .
(Surface Body) -
:
Surface From Edges – -
. Edges
, , -
.
Flip Surface Normal?) ( -
Thickness);
Surface From Sketches
, . Base Object
. Operation
( Add Material)
Add Frozen) .
-
Orient With Plane Normal? ( Yes – -
). Thickness ;
Surface From Faces –
. Faces
, Operation .
, -
, Holes Repair Method ( -
No Healing) Natural Healing.
128
-
Design Modeler -
-
. -
-
Concept Cross Section. . 3.48, -
, -
-
. ,
User Integrated,
. 3.48
, -
, ,
. User Defined
.
-
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-
( Offset Type).
. 3.49
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-
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:
Edit Selection – .
, Details View;
Insert – . ,
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Rename – .
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Delete – ;
Generate – .
-
; Generate
;
Always Show Sketch –
, .
Show Sketch;
130
Hide Sketch – -
. . -
-
Show Sketch;
Look at – -
. -
;
Suppress – .
,
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Unsuppress – Suppress. -
.
Unsuppress & All Below, -
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Show Dependencies – .
, -
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Suppress Body – -
. ,
(Line Body, Surface Body, Solid), -
Mechanical.
Unsuppress Body;
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, , Depth
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,
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-
ANSYS.
-
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132
. -
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Workbench -
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.
.
Parameter Manager,
Tools Parameters. -
.
Details View . 3.51). Design Modeler
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. Parameter Manager, 
.
. 3.51
. 3.52
:
Design Parameters – -
;
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Parameter/Dimension Assignments – -
;
Check –
;
Close – .
. 3.52
,
Parameter Manager.
-
, Parameter/Dimension Assignments.
-
. -
@.
:
– abs(x), sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), -
ln(x), exp(x), – sqrt(x). -
Generate.
:
ZXPlane.L1 = @ZXPlane.L1 –
ZXPlane.L1 -
@ZXPlane.L1;
134
ZXPlane.L2 = 2*@ZXPlane.L1 + @ZXPlane.L3 – -
ZXPlane.L2
: @ZXPlane.L1 @ZXPlane.L3;
Extrude1.FD1 = dist –
Extrude1.FD1 dist,
;
Extrude1.FD1 = sqrt(x_dist*x_dist+y_dist*y_dist)
Extrude1.FD1
x_dist, y_dist, .
Check Design Modeler -
( . 3.53). -
, -
. Close Parameter Manager.
. 3.53
-
.
Parameters Parameter Set
. 3.54).
, , -
. Parameter Set
135
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. 3.54
1.ANSYS Workbench, -
Static Structural. Design Modeler. -
:
Tree Outline Details View?
?
Graphics ?
2.. -
Draw
. Dimensions
.
136
3.(XYPIane, ZXPIane, ZYPIane), 50
X 45 .
. .
. Move
.
5., -
. – . – -
.
6.-
.
Extrude . ,
, . .
7.3 .
5 .
8.. -
.
Revolve 90° .
9.Revolve ,
.
10.Body Operation -
. , -
.
11..
.
. .
(Surface Body).
13.-
. .
14.10R, R –
. -
. -
.
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4.
. Workbench
,
Engineering Data. -
, . -
.
-
Engineering Data ,
.
.
-
.
4.1.
-
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, ,
-
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Engineering Data, -
( . 4.1).
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. 4.1 |
Engineering Data - |
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Engineering Data |
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. 4.2 |
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. . 4.3 -
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. 4.3
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. 4.1.
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140
. 4.4,
.
Toolbox
:
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-
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;
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. 4.4 |
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(Outline |
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Filter) -
, .
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;
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Outline Filter
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. , . 4.5 Outline of General Materials ,
General Materials.
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(Properties Pane) ,
( . 4.6).
:
,
( );
;
;
;
.
(Property) , -
. -
.
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142
. 4.6
(Table Pane)
, ( . 4.7). -
( ,
) -
-
,
, -
-
. -
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. -
. 4.7
.
(Chart Pane) -
( . 4.8). -
, -
Edit Properties
Properties of Chart ( . 4.9).
, -
, , -
.
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. 4.8
. 4.9
4.2.
. , -
:
, .
,
. -
. -
, -
Outline Pane. -
.
144
.
, -
. , -
Outline Filter.
Add Outline Pane.
ANSYS\v120\Addins\EngineeringData\Language\<lang>\Samples. -
:
General Materials -
. , -
;
General Nonlinear Materials -
;
Explicit Materials
;
Hyperelastic Materials
, -
. -
;
Magnetic B-H Curves ,
B-H , .
File Import, Import
.
Engineering Data File *.xml, *.engd. ,
, ,
.
( Favorites).
,
XML- .
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. -
Location Outline Filter. -
Ok.
-
, , -
:
, -
ANSYS 9.0 11.0;
MatML 3.1 Schema;
, AUTODYN.
, -
. -
. -
Outline Pane, *. -
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. -
,
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(Location) -
( 
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« » (
Favorites) , -
. -
146
,
Add To Favorites). Favorites -
( . . 4.3).
4.3.
Outline Pane. -
:
;
;
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(Suppress);
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(Suppression) 
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(Add)
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Favorites.
(
).
, ( 
). -
– -
Engineering Data.
, 
, -, -
. -
, Outline Filters
– « » (Favorites).
Source
. ,
, . -
-
:
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;
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.
, -, ( View Linked Source),
( Refresh From Linked Source)
( Break Link To Source).
(Description) -, .
, .
, ,
.
,
, Outline Filter ,
Outline Pane
148
« » ( Add to Favorites).
Outline Filter , Favorites,
, , -
Default Solid Material ( -
), Default Fluid/Field Material (
). -
(Structural Steel),
– (Air).
,
. -
, (
) , -
.
-
, . -
.
, Toolbox
Properties.
,
.
( Value)
( Unit) Properties Pane. -
. , -
.
, , -
,
Tabular. , -
Table Pane. -
,
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, *. -
, -
. -
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, .
:
;
;
, , -
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, -, .
-
Display Validation Failure
( . 4.10).
.
.
Suppression, 
. -
.
.
Parametrize 
.
. -
, -
.
Parameters
. . 135). -
Parametrize, -
.
150
. 4.10
.
-
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. -
:
= * + .
1,0 0,0 -
.
. 4.2 , -
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Outline Filter Pane. |
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File Import Engineering Data…. |
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. 4.3 , -
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:
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Outline Filter Pane;
,
.
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4.3 |
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Outline Pane |
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, Click here to add a |
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Add to Favorites. |
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Favorites Outline Filter. |
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Toolbox.
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, ANSYS.
, ,
, .
( Suppression)
-
. ,
(Bilinear Isotropic Hardening) -
(Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) -
. -
, , -
, . -
. 4.4.
, ,
x, y, z,
( )
). -
. -
154
. -
– ,
x, y, z (2D- x, y).
4.4
–(Isotropic Elasticity);
–(Orthotropic Elasticity);
–(Mooney-Rivlin);
–(Neo-Hookean);
–(Polynomial);
–(Yeoh);
–(Ogden)
–(Bilinear Isotropic Hardening);
–(Multilinear Isotropic Hardening);
–(Bilinear Kinematic Hardening);
–(Multilinear Kinematic Hardening)
–(Thermal Conductivity Isotropic);
–(Thermal Conductivity Orthotropic)
–(Isotropic Resistivity);
–(Orthotropic Resistivity)
, ( f(T)
),
. -
. -
, -
,
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-
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( – );
( – );
( – );
.
-
:
(Mooney-Rivlin);
(Neo-Hookean);
(Polynomial);
(Yeoh);
(Ogden).
, -
-
-
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CAD- -
.
.
(Material Properties) Properties Pane. , CAD-
, . -
CAD-
MatML 3.1, . -
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CAD- .
,
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(Material Properties) , CAD-
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156
4.4.
– -
. -
-
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( . 4.11). |
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(149) |
-
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1 , ln 1 , |
(150) |
.
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(
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– » ( . . 4.11). -
. -
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1 2 3 . ,
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( 1 2 3 ), .
158
( . 4.12) -
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-
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“ e -
. 4.12
ANSYS ,
:
.
( . 4.13);
.
( . 4.14).
. 4.13 |
. 4.14 |
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( . 4.17). |
. 4.15. |
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( . 4.16). |
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160 |
. 4.17
ANSYS « – -
»: ( . 4.18). -
, ,
. -
. -
.
.
. 4.18
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. -
, .
Toolbox Plasticity -
. , . 4.19 -
-. -
Include Property,
Bilinear Isotropic Hardening
Properties Pane.
. 4.19
-
(Yield Strength)
(Tangent Modulus) . 4.20). -
(Chart) -
( . 4.21).
. 4.20
162
. 4.21
, -
(Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) (Multilinear Kinematic Hardening) ( . 4.22).
. 4.22
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. 4.23
, -
, -
( . 4.24).
-
-
:
;
;
( );
;
164
. 4.24
-
. -
( , -
1 E ). -
, . -
, -
-
.
. 4.5
. -
, 0,5. , -
. -
( 0,5)
:
;
;
.
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« – »
. 4.25. ,
,
. ,
(Mullin). ( -) (
) -
.
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
-0,5 |
0 |
0,5 |
1 |
1,5 |
2 |
2,5 |
. 4.25
166
.
Toolbox Experimental Stress Strain Data, , -
.
, , Uniaxial Test Data – ,
Include Property,
( . 4.26). , -
.
. 4.26
:
,
Ctrl + C, ;
Table of Properties, Ctrl + V.
-
( A) ( B).
– »
( . 4.27).
-
Toolbox, -
( . 4.28).
167
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. 4.27
.
, -
( . 4.29).
. 4.28
168
. 4.29
Curve Fitting
Solve Curve Fit. -
,
. -
Chart Pane « – »
( . 4.30).
. 4.30
Error Norm for Fit ( . 4.31)
.
169
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(Normalized Error) ,
(Absolute Error)
. , -
. ,
,
.
. 4.31
1.ANSYS Workbench, -
Static Structural. .
:
Outline Filter Outline Pane?
?
Table Chart?
2.«NewMat1».
( ).
3.«NewMat1», -
. .
4.Aluminium Alloy General Materials .
.
5.Aluminium Alloy ,
.
6.?
7.-
?
8.ANSYS? -
?
9.Curve Fitting -
?
170
5.
-
.
Mechanical.
, -
.
5.1.
-
-. :
. -
( review) ,
;
.
.
:
1. ( , .),
. 5.1. -
, , -
FLUENT, CFX .
2. -
( , , .).
.
3. , ,
.
. -
.
171
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4.. -
.
2 3.
-
-
.
-
.
(Surface
. 5.1
bodies) -
. (Line bodies) (Beam).
-
.
DesignModeler -
– , -
(Multibody Part). -. , , -
. DesignModeler
,
. -
.
.
ANSYS Workbench
172
.
-
. -
-. , -
. -
.
. 5.2 .
(Mesh) -
.
Mesh , -
.
,
Mesh.
. 5.2
173
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-
Preview Surface Mesh
Mesh ( . 5.3). -
Mesh . 5.4).
-
. 5.4.
. 5.3 |
. 5.4 |
5.2.
Defaults (Details of Mesh)
( . 5.5):
, -
(Physics Preference);
(Relevance).
. , (Structural) –
, .
174
. 5.5
,
, .
-(Relevance),
100 +100 ( . 5.6).
, -
.
Preview Surface Mesh.
. 5.7.
. 5.6
Relevance -100 |
Relevance 0 |
Relevance 100 |
426 |
986 |
2766 |
212 |
492 |
1382 |
|
. 5.7 |
|
Statistics -
. . 5.6
.
175
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.
,
( , .) -
.
, .
.
.
(Relevance) -
(Relevance Center)
(Sizing).
. 5.8, . 5.9.
. 5.8
. 5.9
176
(Element Size) -
( . 5.10). -
, .
(Use Advanced Size Function):
,
(Relevance) (Initial Size Seed).
.
. 5.10
(Initial Size Seed) -
,
.
(Smoothing) -
(Use Advanced Size Function). -
.
. -
( . 5.11).
177
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(Transition)
( . 5.12). Transition -
(Use Advanced Size Function).
Fast.
. 5.11 |
. 5.12 |
Span Angle Center ( ) -
.
, -
. :
Coarse ( ) – 91 60 ;
Medium ) – 75 24 ;
Fine ( ) – 36 12 .
Span Angle Center . 5.13 5.14.
. 5.13
178
. 5.14
ANSYS Workbench -
:
1.(Use Advanced Size Function) .
:
2.1.(Element Size)
. -
( , ).
Element Size ( . 5.15).
2.2.(Proximity and Curvature) -
( . . 5.16).
100 +100. (Element Size)
(Default), Proximity and Curvature
, Relevance ( )
. (Proximity) -
.
2.3.(Shape Checking)
( . 5.17). -
(Standard Mechanical), -
-
(Aggressive Mechanical).
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. 5.15 |
. 5.16 |
2.4. (Initial Size Seed)
,
( . 5.18).
. 5.17 |
. 5.18 |
180
5.3.MESH CONTROL
Mesh Control
,
.
Method Mesh Control
( . 5.19, ) -
, Scope
) Geometry
Apply. -
-
( . 5.19, ):
Automatic ( ) – -
, ,
;
Tetrahedrons ) – -
;
Hex Dominant ) – ,
, , ,
;
Sweep ) – .
|
|
. 5.19
. 5.1.
181
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5.1
2 –
Method
1 – Method
Mesh Control
4 – Geometry
3 –
5 – |
6 – Method |
|
Tetrahedrons |
182
. 5.1
8 –
, Update,
Generate Mesh
7 –
Patch Conforming Method
9 – |
|
Mesh |
10 – |
|
|
Hex Dominant.
-
, .
.
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. , -
-
. ,
.
:
1..
2.Design Modeler
, .
.
-
.
, .
. 5.2.
|
|
5.2 |
|
|
|
1 – Method |
|
2 – |
|
Method |
|
Mesh Control |
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3 – |
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4 – Geometry |
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184 |
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. 5.2 |
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5 – |
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6 – Method |
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Hex Dominant |
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8 – |
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, Update, |
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Generate Mesh |
7 – Hex |
|
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Dominant Method |
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9 – |
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10 – |
Mesh |
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185 |
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, , -
. 5.20. ,
, , -
, ,
Tetrahedrons.
,
. 5.20
(Sweep Method) -
.
.
,
,
.
. -
( -
), .
-
. 5.3.
186
5.3
2 –
Method
1 – Method
Mesh Control
4 – Geometry
3 –
6 – Method
5 – Sweep
187
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. 5.3
8 –
, Update,
Generate Mesh
7 –
Sweep Method
9 –
Mesh
10 – -
188
Workbench .
Sizing ( ) Mesh Control , -
. Type :
Element Size ( )
;
Number of Divisions ( ) -
;
Sphere of Influence ( )
,
.
Sizing -
, -
, .
, . 5.4.
,
.
|
|
|
5.4 |
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(sphere of influence) |
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||
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Bodies |
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Faces |
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Edges |
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Vertices |
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|
. 5.5.
189
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5.5
2 – Sizing
1 – Sizing
3 –
4 – -
, -
5 –
6 –
Vertex Sizing
190
. 5.5
7 – Sphere Radius - |
|
, - |
8 – |
; |
|
Element Size |
, |
|
|
9 –
Generate Mesh -
Update
10 –
Mesh
10 – , ,
191
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. 5.6.
5.6
1 – Sizing - |
2 – Sizing |
|
|
Mesh Control |
|
3 –
4 –
,
5 –
6 –
Face Sizing
192
. 5.6
|
8 – Type - |
7 – |
Sphere of Influence, |
Sphere |
|
|
Center, Sphere Radius Element Size |
9 – |
10 – Sphere Radius |
|
- |
||
, |
||
(Global Coordinate System) |
||
Element Size |
||
|
||
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||
(Coordinate System) |
||
|
12 –
, Update,
Generate Mesh
11 – -
193
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. 5.6
13 – -
Vertex Sizing
Mesh , -
,
14 –
Mesh
15 – , ,
16 –
194
,
, , -
-
.
5.3.3.
Contact Sizing (
) Mesh Control ,
-
.
. Element Size
Relevance Type -
( . 5.21).
. 5.21
5.3.4. REFINEMENT
Refinement ( )
Mesh Control ,
, .
. -
,
195
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, -
. Refinement, 1,
. ,
, . , -
Refinement ,
. Refinement, -
.
Refinement -
. 5.7.
5.7
|
2 – |
|
1 – Refinement |
Refinement, , |
|
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||
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||
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||
|
3 – |
4 – |
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Refinement |
||
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196
. 5.7
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|
6 – |
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. |
5 – |
|
Refinement, 1, |
|
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|
, |
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8 – |
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Refinement |
|
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|
7 – |
|
Update |
|
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10 – |
9 – |
|
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Mesh |
|
Refinement =1. - |
|
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|
197 |
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Sizing Refinement
. 5.22) . -
Sizing
-, -
-
.
Refinement -
. -
, -
-
. Sizing Refinement
. 5.22
-
. Sizing
, Refinement
.
5.3.5.
(Mapped Face Meshing)
.
. -
(quadrilateral) (triangular) , -
, -
.
, , -
.
(Mapped Face Meshing)
. 5.8.
198
5.8
|
2 – |
|
Mapped Face Meshing, - |
1 – Mapped Face Meshing |
, - |
|
3 –
Mapped Face Meshing 4 –
,
5 –
6 –
199
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. 5.8
7 – -
Refinement
Update
8 –
Mapped Face Meshing
, ,
9 –
(Mapped Face Meshing)
,
200
5.3.6.
Match Control -
. 5.23)
-
-
-
( . 5.24). -
-
.
- |
. 5.23 |
|
- |
||
|
||
: |
|
Match Control -
Mesh;
-
;
. Z -
.
. 5.24
201
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5.4.
,
.
New Section Plane ( ),
. (Section Plane)
.
. :
;
;
.
. 5.9.
5.9
1 – New Section Plane
2 –
202
. 5.9
3 – |
4 – , |
|
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
5 –
6 –
7 – |
8 – - |
|
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||
|
||
« » |
||
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||
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|
203 |
|
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5.5.
,
.
, -
Problematic Geometry ( ), -
.
:
-, -
;
-
CAD, -
;
( Aggressive).
:
-
( Sizing);
,
;
CAD-
,
;
,
.
5.6.
(Virtual Topology) -
.
, -
Model. ,
204
, -
, (Model)
. 5.25). (Virtual Cell)
-
.
.
,
. -
. -
. -
, , -
( ).
.
. 5.25
Virtual Cell
), -
. -
, -
. -
-
. , -
, -
. Model ,
, .
-
Virtual Topology, -
( . 5.25). -
( . 5.26, )
205
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( . 5.26, ).
,
-
( . 5.27, ). Virtual Face ( -
) ( . 5.27, ), Geometry
) . ,
. -
. -
.
|
|
. 5.26
|
|
. 5.27
. 5.28, -
. -
– .
.
-
206
. -
-
( . 5.28, ).
|
|
. 5.28
, -
, -
-
( .).
, -
. -
-
.
.
. -
:
:
;
;
;
,
.
207
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5.7.
MECHANICAL ANSYS
-
ANSYS.
Part Relevance
SMRTSIZE .
Sizing (Element Size – Number of Element Divisions – ) LESIZE ASIZE. -
Sphere of Influence ANSYS .
Contact Sizing ANSYS,
AESIZE , .
Refinement KREFINE, LREFINE,
AREFINE.
Element Size ESIZE.
Proximity and Curvature SMRTSIZE.
.
.
Shape Checking ( ) -
SHPP, LSTET,ON. -
(SHPP, LSTET,ON)
(Standard), . -
(SHPP, LSTET,OFF)
(Aggressive), . -
, -
. ANSYS
(SHPP, OFF), ANSYS
.
Mapped Face Meshing ( ) -
MSHKEY,1 -
MSHAPE.
208
Element Shape ( )
VMESH ( ) VSWEEP.
Part Proximity ( )
SMRTSIZE.
(Hex-dominant) -
ANSYS. , , SOLID45, .
ANSYS
(hex-to-tet) , -
,
,
. ANSYS -
Workbench.
1.-
?
2..
3..
4.,
, ?
5.Ansys Workbench
?
6.-
. -
:
, , , -
, , ?
?
?
Defaults ?
?
Statistics -
?
209
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7..
. -
Relevance Relevance Center. -
,
.
8.-
Sizing ?
9.. -
.
10.?
11.-
Extrude. -
(Sweep Method).
12.. -
. -
.
13.-
Extrude.
. -
Refinement Refinement, 2.
.
?
?
15.Match Control -
?
16.New Section Plane -
?
17., -
. . -
, -
.
18.-
.
19.Virtual Topology ?
20.(Virtual Cell)?
210
6. .
-
-
( , .) .
. « » « »
,
, . « -
» Workbench : , -
,
; »
(
) ( ) .
Workbench , . 6.1.
:
.
-
.
;
(Outline). -
;
(Details of “…”). -
.
( ,
Mesh Details of “Mesh”);
(Geometry). -
, ;
(Graph).
-
;
211
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(Tabular Data). -
,
.
. 6.1
-
, ,
, -
, , -
.
. -
,
. , -
.
. 6.2.
212
. 6.2
.
-
.
Definition Suppressed -
( Yes).
6.1.
Environment . 6.3), . -
Static Structural . Environment -
, :
Inertial – , -
;
Loads – – , -
;
213
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Supports – , ,
;
. 6.3
Environment -
Static Structural.
-
-
. -
(Global Coordinate System)
-
. -
-
Coordinate Systems.
-
,
. 6.4 ( . 6.4).
-
,
Coordinate Systems -
( . 6.5). -
-
. 6.5
– -
Coordinate Systems,
Insert Coordinate System.
214
, -
Coordinate Systems , Rename
.
-
( . 6.6), -
.
Define By):
Geometry Selection -
, Geometry;
Global Coordinates -
;
(Origin) .
-
-
-
, -
, , -
, , -
Geometry,
, Apply.
-
Principal Axis Orientation About Principal Axis -
.
Axis, Define By -
. 6.6
,
.
215
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-
. 6.7). -
.
, -
( . 6.8).
. 6.7
.
Geometry, -
: , -
. 6.7 . 6.8 , , ,
. -
) ) ,
,
Apply. : -
Geometry, – -
Apply.
-
:
(Constant);
(Tabular);
(Function).
. -
-
( . 6.9). ,
Import… Export…, -
-
.
216
. 6.9
-
Magnitude Tabular Data.
. Number of Steps
Analysis Settings,
. 6.10 6.11).
Tabular Data, -
( . . 6.12).
. 6.10 |
. 6.11 |
:
;
;
;
.
217
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Graph -
. 6.13).
. 6.12
-
.
. 6.13
6.1.1.
, -
Workbench, :
Acceleration – ;
Standard Earth Gravity – ;
Rotational Velocity – .
. 6.14
Inertial,
.
-
. -
. 6.14 , -
.
218
(Acceleration)
( Define By):
(Vector).
Magnitude) ( Direction). -
( . . 6.7);
(Components) x, y z.
-
.
mks – 2.
(Global Coordinate System)
Coordinate System).
(
) ( . 6.15).
. 6.15
(Standard Earth Gravity) Workbench -
, .
9,80665 2.
-
. -
, Direction -
219
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. . 6.16, 6.16, -
z -
My Coordinate System.
|
|
. 6.16
Rotational Velocity -
.
, -
.
, -
.
(Define By Vector), ( Axis).
:
, -
;
,
.
Magnitude ( ).
-
(Define By Components)
.
220
Rotational Velocity
-
, -
( . 6.17).
. 6.17
. 6.18 -
x, y z -
.
. 6.18
6.1.2.
Workbench
Loads Environment ( . 6.19). -
:
Pressure – ;
Hydrostatic Pressure – ;
221
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Force – ;
Remote Force – ;
Bearing Load – ;
Bolt Pretension – ;
Moment – ;
Generalized Plane Strain – ;
Line Pressure – ;
Thermal Condition – ;
Joint Load – ;
Fluid Solid Interface – ( )
.
|
Pressure |
. |
|
- |
|
( . 6.20). - |
|
- |
|
( . 6.21). |
|
, |
|
Geometry), |
|
( Magnitude) |
|
|
|
Define By). |
|
. 6.19 |
(Define By Vector), - |
|
(Define By Components) -
(Define By Normal To).
. 6.20 |
. 6.21 |
222
Magnitude
, – . -
mks – .
-
, -
.
( . 6.22).
. 6.22
– Constant, – Tabular,
– Function.
Magnitude
) .
Hydrostatic Pressure -
. -
( . 6.23).
(
Fluid Density).
–
(Vector) (Components) ( . 6.23).
(Magnitude) (Direction)
Hydrostatic Acceleration. ,
223
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9,8 2,
.
( Coordinate System) ( ).
-
. 6.24,
.
. 6.25 . -
, -
,
.
. 6.23 |
. 6.24 |
Force .
.
, .
Geometry. (Define By Vector) -
(Define By Components).
224
. 6.25
( Magnitude).
, ( . . 6.1).
.
, -
. -
,
.
. -
.
mks – .
. 6.26-6.28 -, .
225
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. 6.26
. 6.27
. 6.28
226
,
, -
,
Remote Force ( . 6.30).
, -
. -
( X Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordi-
nate) - |
. 6.29 |
. |
|
(Define By Vector)
(Define By Components).
,
( . . 6.1).
mks – .
. 6.30 -
. -
.
, 
– .
. 6.30
227
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|
- |
Bolt Pretension |
||
|
|
( ) - |
||
|
Bearing Load. |
. - |
||
|
|
. |
||
|
|
|
|
. |
|
( . 6.31). |
z, - |
||
|
- |
. |
||
. 6.31 |
. |
|
|
. Bolt Pretension |
|
- |
. |
||
. |
Workbench - |
|||
, . |
: ( ) |
|||
|
- |
) . - |
||
|
|
( Define By): |
||
|
|
Load – |
||
|
. - |
Preload) ( . 6.34); |
||
|
- |
Adjustment – |
||
|
|
|
|
Preadjustment) . 6.35). |
|
. 6.32. - |
|
||
. 6.32 |
|
, |
||
|
mks – . |
|
|
, . - |
|
. 6.36. |
|||
. 6.33. |
|
|
|
|
. 6.34 |
. 6.35 |
Bolt Pretension -
,
. 6.33 2 . -
,
228 |
229 |
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. -
– – -
. -
(Lock).
. 6.36
Moment ,
, . -
Details of “Moment”.
Geometry .
(Define By Vector)
(Define By Components).
-
.
(Magnitude) -
, . -
mks – .
,
.
,
. -
. 6.37.
230
-
,
-
.
. 6.38), ( . 6.39) . 6.37
( . 6.40).
. 6.38
. 6.39
231
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. 6.40
Line Pressure -
. Geometry ,
. -
( Define By): (Components), -
(Vector) (Tangential).
. -
Line Pressure . 6.41.
-
-
.
mks – .
-
, -
. 6.41
,
. 6.42. , , ,
,
. -
.
232
. 6.42
Thermal Condition
. , -
Geometry ,
.
. Magnitude 22 . ,
, . 6.43.
. 6.43
233
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6.2.
( ) –
.
-
.
Workbench -
Supports -
Environment ( . 6.44)
:
Fixed Support – ;
Displacement – ;
Remote Displacement –
;
Velocity – ;
Impedance Boundary – -
;
Frictionless Support –
. 6.44 ;
Compression Only Support – ;
Cylindrical Support – ;
Simply Supported – ;
Fixed Rotation – ;
Elastic Support – ;
Coupling – ;
Constraint Equation – , .
(Fixed Support) -
, , .
,
Fixed Support ,
Details of “Fixed Support”
Apply Geometry.
234
, ( . 6.45).
. 6.45
, , -
Displacement.
Geometry.
( Define By):
x, y, z
(Components);
(Normal To).
|
« » |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
. |
|
||
«0» |
|
|
|
- |
|
||
. |
- |
|
|
- |
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
. 6.46 |
|
Free ). |
|||
, , -
, -
, -
235
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, . -
mks – .
-
. . 6.47
. . 6.48 -
.
. 6.47
. 6.48
-
Remote Displacement. Details of “Remote Displacement” . 6.49) ,
. -
( X Coordinate, Y Coordinate, Z Coordinate).
mks – , -
– .
236
. 6.50
, -
.
,
– . -
-
, -
. . 6.49
. 6.50
Frictionless Support
.
.
« » ( -
).
Geometry Apply.
237
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-
. 6.51. -
.
. 6.51
Compression Only Support -
.
Geometry. -
. -
, ,
. -
.
-
,
. , , -
.
Compression Only Support -
. -
, , ,
.
-
. 6.52.
.
238
. 6.52
Cylindrical Constraint -
. |
|
|
|
|
|
(Axial), (Radial) - |
|
(Tangential) |
|
. 6.53). |
|
|
|
: Free – - |
|
Fixed |
. 6.53 |
- |
|
( ).
, -
(Radial, Axial Tangential) . -
Cylindrical Constraint . 6.54.
. 6.54
239
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Simply Supported
.
-, . -
-
, Apply Geometry.
-
. -
Simply Supported . 6.55.
Rotation X, Rotation Y, Rotation Z: Fixed – , Free –
. -
Fixed. -
, –
(Global Coordinate System) .
-
.
. 6.57.
. 6.55
Fixed Rotation
,
. Fixed Rotation
, .
-
, Apply
Geometry.
( . 6.56).
240
. 6.56 |
. 6.57 |
6.3.
. ,
.
(Static Structural) -
:
1. Step Controls ( ):
Number Of Steps – ;
Current Step Number – ;
Step End Time – ;
Auto Time Stepping – .
241
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2.Solver Controls ( ):
Solver Type – ;
Weak Springs – ;
Large Deflection – ;
Inertia Relief – .
3.Nonlinear Controls ( ):
Force Convergence – ;
Moment Convergence – ;
Displacement Convergence – -
;
Rotation Convergence – -
( );
Line Search –
.
4.Output Controls ( ):
Calculate Stress – ;
Calculate Strain – ;
Calculate Contact – ;
Calculate Results At – .
5.Analysis Data Management ( ):
Solver Files Directory – ;
Future Analysis – ;
Scratch Solver Files Directory – ;
Save ANSYS db – -
ANSYS;
Delete Unneeded Files – ;
Nonlinear Solution – ;
Solver Units – ;
Solver Unit System – , -
.
6.Visibility ( ).
242
6.3.1.
Step Controls ( . 6.58)
: -
.
-
,
. . 6.58
,
, -
, .
,
. -
.
.
, , -
,
.
Number Of Steps.
Tabular Data ( . . 6.11) -
.
Current Step Number
. Step End Time
.
.
.
Auto Time Stepping
.
243
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-
.
(Program Controlled), (On)
(Off) .
“On”
Define By): (Substeps)
(Time).
, -
(Initial Substeps), (Minimum Substeps) (Maximum Substeps) -
( . 6.59). -
(Initial Time Step), -
(Minimum Time Step) (Maximum Time Step) ( . 6.60).
. 6.59 |
. 6.60 |
“Off”
( Define By): -
(Number of Substeps)
(Time Step).
244
|
6.3.2. |
|
Solver |
|
|
Controls - |
|
|
( . 6.61). |
|
|
Solver Type |
|
|
. Workbench |
|
|
: |
|
|
(Direct Solver) - |
|
|
(Iterative |
Solver). - |
. 6.61 |
- |
|
|
(Program Controlled). |
|
|
-
, . -
.
Weak Springs -
.
,
.
.
COMBIN14.
(Program Controlled). -
. -
-
Messages.
(“On”) (“Off”) -
. “On”,
Solver Controls – Springs Stiffness,
245
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-
:
Program Controlled – -
;
Factor – , -
( -
Stiffness Factor) ( . 6.62);
Manual – -
( Springs Stiffness Value) ( . 6.63).
. 6.62 |
. 6.63 |
Large Deflection -
, -
. -
. , “On”.
Large Deflection ,
,
.
Inertia Relief
. (“Off”).
(“On”) , -
.
. , -
.
246
|
6.3.3. |
||
Nonlinear |
|
||
Controls - |
|
||
|
|
|
|
, , - |
|
||
( . 6.64). |
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
- |
. 6.64 |
||
- |
|||
|
|
|
|
. ,
, . ,
, :
Force Convergence – ;
Moment Convergence – ;
Displacement Convergence – ;
Rotation Convergence – .
:
Program Controlled – -
;
On – ;
Remove – -
.
“On” :
Value – , -
. (ANSYS Calculated)
, .
-
;
247
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Toleran e – ,
, -
. ;
Minimum Reference – .
,
.
Value Minimum Reference .
, -
, . 6.65.
. 6.65
Line Search
-
. :
(
);
;
.
248
6.3.4.
Output Controls -
( . 6.66):
|
Calculate Stress; |
|
|
Calculate Strain; |
|
|
Calculate Contact; |
|
|
Calculate Results At. |
. 6.66 |
|
|
|
|
: |
|
(Stress), (Strain), (Contact). (Calculate Results At)
, -
:
All Time Points – ;
Last Time Point – ;
Equally Spaced Time Point – -
.
(Number Of Time Points). , -
ANSYS -
, ,
1000.
6.3.5.
Analysis Data Management
( . 6.67).
, ,
Solver Files Directory.
.
249
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Future Analysis -
,
-
( -
) .
: None
Prestressed analysis.
Scratch Solver Files Directory, -
, -
. 6.67 , -
. , -
.
Save ANSYS db
ANSYS. ,
Mechanical APDL (ANSYS
).
Delete Unneeded Files -
Workbench .
“Yes”, .
.
, .,
. -
,
Nonlinear Solution. ,
,
.
Solver Units -
: Active System
–Manual – .
( )
250
, Unit . -
( . 6.68). (Solver Unit System)
. Manual -
Solver Unit System
. Workbench
. 6.1.
. 6.68
|
|
6.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Metric (m, kg, N, s, V, A) |
mks |
|
|
|
2 |
Metric (cm, g, dyne, s, V, A) |
cgs |
|
|
|
3 |
Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) |
nmm |
|
|
|
4 |
Metric (mm, t, N, s, mV, mA) |
nmm |
|
|
|
5 |
Metric (mm, dat, N, s, mV, mA) |
nmm |
|
|
|
6 |
Metric ( m, kg, N, s, V, mA) |
mks |
|
|
|
7 |
U.S. Customary (ft, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A) |
Bft |
|
|
|
8 |
U.S. Customary (in, lbm, lbf, ºF, s, V, A) |
Bin |
|
|
|
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6.3.6.
Visibility -
. -
( . 6.69).
-
( . 6.70).
. 6.69 -
Display Omit.
. 6.70
. . :
Graph Tabular Data?
Graph
Tabular Data?
Environment?
Details of"../?
, -
Workbench.
, Loads -
Environment.
Supports -
Environment?
2., -
. .
252
Number of Steps Analysis Settings. -
Tabular Data?
4.(Acceleration).
:
, -
?
?
?
(Components)
?
5.(Standard Earth Gravity). (
) .
6.Rotational Velocity. ?
7.. 10
.
8.Magnitude?
9..
?
10., .
:
?
-
?
, ?
11.Remote Force. -, 4 , .
12., ,
Moment.
13.Fixed Support .
14.Displacement
-5 X. :
?
«0» ?
«Free» ?
253
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15.Frictionless Support,
. :
?
?
?
16.,
(Compression Only Support). :
?
Compression Only Support?
17.. -
(Cylindrical Constraint) , -
. :
«Free» «Fixed»?
?
18.( ) .
Simply Supported .
:
?
?
19.X (Fixed Rotation). :
?
-
?
?
20.Analysis Settings .
:
-
(Step Controls)?
{Solver Controls)?
-
( Nonlinear Controls)?
-
(Analysis Data Management)?
21.?
22.Weak Springs?
23.Delete Unneeded Files?
254
ANSYS Workbench .
A |
|
Acceleration – |
|
Active assembly – |
|
Active system – |
|
Add – |
; |
Add frozen – |
|
Add material – |
|
Adjustment – |
|
Advanced – |
, |
Alignment – |
|
All time points – |
|
Always – |
|
Analysis data management – |
|
Analysis settings – |
|
Angle – |
|
Animate – |
; |
Apply – |
|
Arbitrary – |
, |
Arc – |
|
Auto constraints – |
|
Auto time stepping – |
|
Axial – |
|
Axis – |
, |
Axis of rotation – |
|
B |
|
Base object – |
|
Bearing load – |
|
|
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Behavior – |
|
Constraint equation – |
, |
Bend – |
, |
Constraints – |
|
Body centroids – |
|
|
|
Body operation – |
|
Construction point – |
|
Bolt pretension – |
|
Construction point at inter- |
|
Boolean – |
|
section – |
|
Both asymmetric – |
|
Contact region – |
( ) |
Both symmetric – |
|
Contact sizing – |
- |
Boundary – |
|
|
|
Box – |
|
Coordinate systems – |
|
|
|
Copies – |
|
C |
|
Copy – |
|
Calculate contact – |
|
Corner – |
|
Calculate results at – |
|
Coupling – |
|
Calculate strain – |
|
Create – |
|
Calculate stress – |
|
Cross section – |
|
Cancel – |
; |
Current step number – |
|
Chamfer – |
|
Cursors – |
|
Children – |
|
Curve – |
|
Circle – |
|
Cut – |
; |
Circular – |
|
Cut material – |
|
Clear selection – |
|
Cycles – |
|
Coarse – |
|
Cyclic – |
|
Coincident – |
|
Cylinder – |
|
Collapse features – |
|
Cylindrical support – |
|
Components – |
|
|
|
Compression only support – |
|
D |
|
Concentric – |
|
Defaults – |
|
Concept – |
, |
Define by – |
( ) … |
Cone – |
|
Defined – |
|
Constant – |
|
Definition – |
, |
Constrain – |
|
Deformable – |
|
|
256 |
|
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Delete – |
|
Ellipse – |
|
Delete unneeded files – |
|
Environment – |
|
Depth – |
|
Equal distance – |
|
Details – |
, |
Equal length – |
|
Details of “…” – |
|
Equal radius – |
|
Diameter – |
|
Equally spaced time point – |
|
Dimensions – |
|
Evenly spaced – |
|
|
|
Expand – |
, |
Direct solver – |
|
Export – |
|
Direction – |
|
Extend – |
|
Direction – |
|
Extend type – |
|
Direction vector – |
|
Extrude – |
|
Displacement – |
|
|
|
Displacement convergence – |
|
F |
|
Display names – |
|
Face delete – |
|
|
|
Factor – |
, |
Display values – |
|
Fast – |
|
|
|
Fill – |
|
Distance – |
, |
Fillet – |
|
Divisions – |
|
Fine – |
|
Drag – |
|
Fixed – |
, , - |
Draw – |
|
|
, |
Dropped – |
|
Fixed rotation – |
|
Duplicate – |
|
Fixed support – |
|
|
|
Fluid density – |
|
E |
|
Fluid solid interface – |
( ) |
Edge delete – |
|
|
|
Edit – |
|
Force – |
|
Elastic support – |
|
Force convergence – |
|
Element midside nodes – |
|
Free – |
|
Element size – |
|
Freeze – |
, |
Elements – |
|
Frictionless support – |
|
|
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|
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Full assembly – |
|
Inertial – |
|
|
Full circle – |
|
Initial size seed – |
|
|
Function – |
|
Initial substeps – |
|
|
Future analysis – |
|
Initial time step – |
|
|
|
|
Integrated – |
|
|
G |
|
Intersect – |
|
|
General – |
|
Inward thickness – |
, |
|
Generalized plane strain – |
|
|
|
|
Generate mesh – |
( ) - |
Iterative solver – |
|
|
|
|
J |
|
|
Geometry – |
, |
|
||
Joint load – |
|
|||
Geometry selection – |
|
|||
|
|
|||
Global coordinate system – |
|
K |
|
|
Graph – |
, |
|
||
Kept – |
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|
||
Graphics annotation – |
|
L |
|
|
Grid – |
|
|
||
Large deflection – |
|
|||
|
|
|||
H |
|
Last time point – |
|
|
|
Length – |
|
||
Healing – |
» |
|||
Length/distance – |
, |
|||
Hide sketch – |
|
|||
Line – |
|
|||
High – |
|
|||
Line body – |
|
|||
Horizontal – |
|
|||
Line by 2 tangents – |
, |
|||
Hydrostatic pressure – |
|
|||
Line from points – |
|
|||
|
|
|||
I |
|
Line pressure – |
|
|
|
Line search – |
- |
||
Ignore axis – |
|
|||
|
|
|||
Impedance boundary – |
|
|
||
Loads – |
– |
|||
Import – |
, |
|||
|
, |
|||
Imprint faces – |
, |
|
||
Look at – |
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Loose – |
|
||
Inertia relief – |
|
|||
Low – |
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
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M |
|
N |
|
Magnitude – |
|
Named selection – |
|
Major grid spacing – |
|
New section plane – |
|
Manual – |
; |
No selection – |
|
Mapped face meshing – |
|
Nodes – |
|
|
|
Nonlinear controls – |
|
Master geometry – |
|
Nonlinear solution – |
|
Match control – |
- |
Normal to – |
… |
|
|
Number of steps – |
|
Maximum substeps – |
|
Number of time points – |
|
Maximum time step – |
|
|
|
Medium – |
|
O |
|
Mesh – |
|
Off – |
|
Mesh control – |
|
Offset – |
|
Message – |
|
On – |
|
Method – |
, |
Operation – |
|
Midpoint – |
|
Orientation about principal |
|
Mid-surface – |
- |
axis – |
|
|
|
Origin – |
|
Minimum edge length – |
|
Output controls – |
|
Minimum reference – |
|
Outward thickness – |
, |
Minimum substeps – |
|
|
|
Minimum time step – |
|
Oval – |
|
Minor-steps per major – |
|
|
|
Mirror – |
|
P |
|
Model – |
|
Parallel – |
|
Modeling – |
|
Parallelepiped – |
|
Modify – |
|
Parents – |
( ) |
Moment – |
|
Part – |
, |
Moment convergence – |
|
Paste – |
|
Move – |
, |
Paste handle – |
|
|
|
Path – |
|
|
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|
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Pattern – |
|
Redo – |
|
Perpendicular – |
|
Reference only – |
|
Please define – |
, |
Refinement – |
, |
Point – |
|
Refresh – |
, |
Polygon – |
|
Relevance – |
, |
Polyline – |
|
Remote displacement – |
|
Preadjustment – |
|
Remote force – |
|
Preload – |
|
Remove – |
, |
Preserve – |
|
Rename – |
|
Pressure – |
|
Replicate – |
|
Preview – |
|
Report – |
, |
Preview surface mesh – |
|
Reset – |
, |
|
|
Reversed – |
|
Primitives – |
, |
Revolve – |
|
Principal axis – |
|
Rigid – |
, |
Print preview – |
|
Rotate – |
|
Prism – |
|
Rotation – |
|
Profile – |
|
Rotation convergence – |
|
Program controlled – |
|
|
( ) |
Project – |
|
Rotational velocity – |
|
Pyramid – |
|
Ruler – |
|
Q |
|
S |
|
Quadrilaterals – |
, |
Save ANSYS db – |
|
|
|
|
ANSYS |
R |
|
Scale – |
, |
Radial – |
|
Scaling factor – |
|
Radius – |
|
Scope – |
( ) |
Ratio – |
, |
Scoping method – |
, |
Rectangle – |
|
|
|
Rectangle by 3 points – |
|
Scratch solver files directory |
|
Rectangular – |
|
– |
|
|
264 |
|
265 |
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Section – |
|
|
|
Select multiple – |
|
Solver units – |
|
Select new symmetry axis – |
|
|
|
Selection – |
|
Span – |
, |
Semi-automatic – |
|
Sphere – |
|
Setting – |
, |
Spline – |
, |
Sew – |
, |
Spline edit sphere – |
|
Shape – |
|
Split – |
|
Shape checking – |
|
Split at select – |
, |
Show dependencies – |
( ) |
|
|
|
|
Split edge into n equal seg- |
n |
Simplify – |
|
ments – |
|
Simply supported – |
|
Split edges – |
|
Sizing – |
|
Split edges at all points – |
|
Sketch instance – |
|
|
|
Sketching toolboxes – |
|
Split edges at point – |
, - |
Skin/loft – |
|
|
|
Slave geometry – |
|
Springs stiffness – |
|
Slice – |
|
Springs stiffness factor – |
|
Slice by faces – |
|
Standard earth gravity – |
|
Slice by plane – |
|
Static structural – |
|
Slice by surface – |
|
Statistics – |
|
Slice off edges |
|
Step control – |
|
Slow – |
|
Step end time – |
|
Smoothing – |
, |
Substeps – |
|
Snaps per minor – |
|
Subtract – |
|
Solid – |
, |
Supports – |
, |
Solids – |
|
|
|
Solver controls – |
|
Suppressed – |
, |
Solver files directory – |
|
Surface body – |
, |
Solver type – |
|
Sweep – |
|
Solver unit system – |
, - |
Symmetry – |
|
|
266 |
|
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T |
|
Use global setting – |
( ) - |
Tabular – |
|
|
|
Tabular data – |
|
User define – |
|
Tangent – |
|
|
|
Tangent line – |
, |
V |
|
Tangential – |
|
Value – |
|
Thermal condition – |
|
Vector – |
|
Thickness – |
|
Velocity – |
|
Through all – |
|
Vertical – |
, |
Time – |
|
|
Y) |
Time step – |
|
View advanced options – |
|
Timestamp – |
|
Visibility – |
|
Tolerance – |
|
|
|
Torus – |
|
W |
|
Transformation – |
|
Weak springs – |
|
Transition – |
, |
Wizard – |
|
Translate – |
|
|
|
Tree outline – |
|
|
|
Triad – |
|
A, mA – |
, |
Triangles – |
|
kg, g, t, dat – |
, , , |
Trim – |
|
m, cm, mm, m – |
, , , |
Trim 1st – |
|
N, dyne, N – |
, , |
Trim both – |
|
s – |
|
Trim none – |
|
V, mV – |
, |
Type – |
|
|
|
U |
|
|
|
Undo – |
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unite – |
|
|
|
Update – |
|
|
|
Use advanced size function |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
|
268 |
|
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1.., . -
/ . . – .: , 1982. – 448 .
2.. : . – .:
. ., 2005. – 840 .
3.. . / . . – .: , 1984. – 428 .
4.. : . – .
« ». – .: , 1970. – 6. – . 90-103.
5.. / . . – .: , 1975. – 541 .
6., . / . . –
.: , 1981. – 304 .
7.., ., .
: .
. . . – .: . ., 1985. – 392 .
8.. /
. . – .: , 1976. – 464 .
9.. / . . – .:
, 1979. – 392 .
10.., . / . . – .:
, 1977. – 349 .
11.Clough R.W. The finite element method in plane stress analysis. J. Struct. Div., ASCE, Proc. 2nd A.S.C.E. Conf. on Electronic Computation, Sept. 1960, p. 345-378.
12.Courant R. Variational Method for the Solution of Problems of Equilibrium and Vibration. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 49, 1943, p. 1-43.
13.ANSYS Help.
270
,
, ,
ANSYS Workbench
I
.
.
.
24.09.10
60 84 1/16. .
. . . 15,75. .- . . 15,72.
50 . . 137/10
» 443100, . , . , 244.
443100, . , . , 244. 8
271
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