The United Kingdom: Geography and History

Great Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west.

The United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands.  Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.

The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London.

Thames river flows through southern England. It is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom. It flows through central London and several other towns and cities, including Oxford, Reading, Henley-on-Thames, Windsor, Kingston upon Thames andRichmond.

lochs is the Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for a lake or a sea inlet. This name for a body of water is Goidelic in origin and is applied to most lakes in Scotland and to many sea inlets in the west and north of Scotland. Perhaps the most famous Scottish loch is Loch Ness.

Stonehenge  is a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire. One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of a circular setting of largestanding stones set within earthworks. Archaeologists believe the iconic stone monument was constructed anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC.

The site and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.Stonehenge is owned by the Crown and managed by English Heritage, while the surrounding land is owned by the National Trust.

Romans The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by anautocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean. Because of the Empire's vast extent and long endurance, the institutions and culture of Rome had a profound and lasting influence on the development of language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law and etc.

Hadrian’s Wall was a defensive fortification in Roman Britain. It was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain. The wall was the most heavily fortified border in the Empire. In addition to its role as a military fortification, it is thought that many of the gates through the wall would have served as customs posts to allow trade and levy taxation.

It was made a unesco World Heritage Site in 1987. It is described as "the most important monument built by the Romans in Britain".

Anglo-Saxons The term  is used by some historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Britain beginning in the early 5th century and the period from their creation of the English nation to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon era denotes the period of English history between about 550 and 1066. The term is also used for the language, now known as Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons.

Old English or Anglo-Saxon^[1] is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in parts of what are now England and southern and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century