- •1. Analog computers are the most modern ones nowadays.
- •2 Digital computers are the most modern ones nowadays.
- •3. The evolution of digital computing is often divided into generations.
- •4 The evolution of digital computing is not divided into generations.
- •5. Calculators are useless devices.
- •6. Charles Babbage was truly a man ahead of his time.
- •7. A computer is any device that can perform calculations.
- •8. Chips are the heart of today’s computers.
- •10. Most personal computers can’t perform any operations.
- •1. The first generation electronic computers were quite successful.
- •2. Three machines have promoted the development of the first electronic computers.
- •3. Eniac and edvac are the same machine.
- •4.Software technology during the period of the first generation computers was very primitive.
- •4. There were no important innovations in computer architecture of the second generation.
- •5. The third generation brought huge gains in computational power.
- •6. The third generation didn’t bring huge gains in computational power.
- •7. New high level programming languages were created for the second and the third generation.
- •8. New high level programming languages were not created for the second and the third generation.
- •9. Automation can be described as a “revolutionary” development.
- •1. The fourth generation computers used very large scale integration in the construction of computing elements.
- •3. The fifth generation computers are characterized by acceptance of parallel processing.
- •5. Programming languages for the fourth generation computers tend to use a declarative programming style.
- •6. Programming languages for the fourth generation computers do not tend to use a declarative programming style.
- •7. The widespread use of computer networks and the increasing use of single-user workstations characterize 5th generation.
- •8. The same.
- •9. The computer industry is one of the most important branches.
- •10. The computer industry is not one of the most important branches.
4. There were no important innovations in computer architecture of the second generation.
Sorry, I can’t agree with this statement. Далее 3.
5. The third generation brought huge gains in computational power.
Yes, you’re right. Innovations in this period include semiconductor technologies applied for building integrated circuits and semiconductor memories (used instead of magnetic cores in the second generation). Microprogramming was applied for complex processors design. Pipelining and other forms of parallel processing were widely used in this generation. Such innovations as operating systems and timesharing were introduced into practice in this period.
6. The third generation didn’t bring huge gains in computational power.
Sorry, I can’t agree with this statement. Далее 5.
7. New high level programming languages were created for the second and the third generation.
You’re absolutely right. The second generation was worked with the development of such high level programming languages as Fortran, Algol and Cobol, which were successfully used for scientific calculators. The third generation is characterized with several attempts to simplify a complicated and sophisticated Algol. To fulfill this task several simplified versions were developed including CPL, BCPL and B. The latter was created in connection with the early implementation of the UNIX operating system.
8. New high level programming languages were not created for the second and the third generation.
Sorry, I can’t agree with this statement. Далее 7.
9. Automation can be described as a “revolutionary” development.
I can’t fully agree with this statement. On the one hand automation is often referred to as a revolutionary development. On the other hand it is the final result of a durable process of mechanization that began in the period of industrial revolution. I’d like to add that the term automation itself implies a complete replacement of human workers by robots and automatic systems. In this sense automation hasn’t been reached yet. Therefore we live in the age of developed mechanization.
10. Automation can’t be described as a “revolutionary” development.
Смотри 9.
UNIT 4
1. The fourth generation computers used very large scale integration in the construction of computing elements.
The fourth generation computers saw the use of large scale integration 1000 devices pre chip and very large scale integration 100000 devices pre chip. At this scale entire processors will fit onto a single chip, and for simple systems the entire computer (processors, main memory, and I/O controllers) can fit on one chip.
2. The fourth generation computers didn’t use very large scale integration in the construction of computing elements.
Смотри 1.
3. The fifth generation computers are characterized by acceptance of parallel processing.
The statement is absolutely correct. The development of the fifth generation is mainly characterized mainly by the acceptance of parallel processing. Until this time parallel processing was limited to pipelining and vector processing. During the fifth generation hundreds of processors could work on different pats of a single problem. This process was facilitated by the development of semiconductor technologies. By the end of the XX-th century semiconductor chips contained up to a million components. The semiconductor memory became a standard.
4. The fifth generation computers are not characterized by acceptance of parallel processing.
Смотри 3.