Практичні заняття

3 Курс

Змістовий Модуль 9: Компанія. Інформація про галузевий підрозділ

Практичне заняття №1

Тема заняття: Типи компаній

Хід заняття

Company Types in Ukraine

Ltd.

The most popular business legal form in Ukraine is Ltd. This type of companies is registered on a standard chart and in the earliest possible dates. The founders of Ltd. can be naturales persons or/and legal persons (residents or/and non-residents). Thus founders do not carry responsibility for a company and actions of its public servants, and their possible losses are limited to the size of part in share capital. Limited companies can conduct practically any types of activity, including licensed. An alike types of companies in Europe is GMBH (in Germany, Switzerland, Austria) and Ltd. (in England).Company with foreign investments and Foreign company. From recent time, the Ukrainian legislation does not select CFI (no less than 10 % foreign capital) and FC, as a separate legal form of business. Investor with any percent of foreign capital in share capital of Ltd., JSC or another kind of business, can count on defence of the capital, government assistance and unimpeded conclusion. In addition, foreign investors have other advantages during realization of export-import operations and organization of business in Ukraine. However, companies with foreign capital can not practicale in some types of activity, the list of which is officially ratified of government.

Joint-stock company

Joint-stock companies in Ukraine can be public (PJSC) and private (PrJSC) types. This type of companies has a great number of analogues in the whole world. Mainly, JSC are created for a bank, insurance and other financial types of activity, and also for organization of activity of large production capacities and enterprises with the closed loop of production.

The Ukrainian legislation selects also some other legal forms of business: NP SB (a natural person is a subject of business); PE (private enterprise, company with the simplified system of registration, legal relationships of founders practically are not well-regulated); complete society, society with additional responsibility.

Representative office

It is separately possible to select such form of business in Ukraine, as a representative office of foreign company.  Status of representative offices allows to get the row of additional tax and custom deductions, and also to use other advantages for work in Ukraine.

Граматичний матеріал: Повторення граматичного матеріалу.

Ex.1. Read the following word combinations. Mind your pronunciation.

Pepper pot, to buy a big bottle of beer, first floor, closed door, a black coffee cup, going to England again, at the same time, tomorrow morning, an apartment in the centre of London, sleeping and dreaming, in the front of the photograph, a lovely view, biscuits and ice-cream, to be chosen for the prize, a path through the thick woods, this thing is theirs, sheets and shirts, Helen’s husband, to read a rhyme, would you like?, a librarian in a public library, away from Washington, few years, chicken chops, a manager at the agency, three teas, English weather, let them, a sad man with a camera, a car-park, a doctor in the hospital, stop talking, naughty audience, a full pool, love it very much, to learn Turkish, another parasol, make a mistake, an awful joke, snow in October, quiet as mice, a town on the mountain, her boyfriend Roy, nearly in tears, upstairs and downstairs, for sure, curious tourists.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using given words. Follow the sentence structure.

Наприклад: goes / to school / every morning / Andy.

Andy goes to school every morning.

1. take / photos / they / every Monday.

2. goes / every day / she / to school.

3. football / Eric / after school / plays.

4. is making / he / at the moment / breakfast.

5. to the club / the girls / go / on Saturdays.

Ex. 3. Lots of sentences are wrong. Correct them.

1.    Three years are a long time to be without a job.	Three years is a long time.
2.    The government wants to increase taxes.	OK (wants is also correct)
3.    Susan was wearing a black jeans.
4.    Brazil are playing Italy in a football match next week.
5.    I like Martin and Jane. They're very nice persons.
6.    I need more than ten pounds. Ten pounds aren't enough.
7.    I'm going to buy a new pyjama.
8.    The committee haven't made a decision yet.
9.    There was a police directing traffic in the street.
10.  What is the police going to do?

Ex. 4. What is another way of saying these things? Use -'s.

1    a hat for a woman      2    a name for a boy        3    clothes for children        6    a school for girls        5    a nest for a bird

a woman's hat       __________________ __________________ __________________ _________________

Read each sentence and write a new sentence beginning with the underlined words. 1.    The meeting tomorrow has been cancelled.       Tommorrow's meeting has been cancelled.   2.    The storm last week caused a lot of damage.       Last _____last weeks_______________________________ 3.    The only cinema in the town has closed down.       The ______the town”s ______________________________ 4.    The weather in Britain is very changeable.       ________British________________________________ 5.    Tourism is the main industry in the region.       ________________________________________

Домашнє завдання:

1. Опрацювати програмний матеріал. 2. Виконати граматичні завдання. 3. Робота з фаховим текстом.

Практичне заняття №2

Тема заняття: Партнерство. Співробітництво.

Partnership

A partnership is an arrangement where entities and/or individuals agree to cooperate to advance their interests. In the most frequent instance, a partnership is formed between one or more businesses in which partners (owners) co-labor to achieve and share profits or losses.

Partnerships are also frequent regardless of and among sectors. Non-profit organizations, for example, may partner together to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission. Governments may partner with other governments to achieve their mutual goals, as may religious and political organizations. In education, accrediting agencies increasingly evaluate schools by the level and quality of their partnerships with other schools and across sectors. Partnerships also occur at personal levels, such as when two or more individuals agree to domicile together. Partnerships between governments, interest-based organizations, schools, businesses, and individuals, or some combination thereof, have always been and remain commonplace.

Partnerships have widely varying results and can present partners with special challenges. Levels of give-and-take, areas of responsibility, lines of authority, and overarching goals of the partnership must all be negotiated. While partnerships stand to amplify mutual interests and success, some are considered ethically problematic, or at least debatable. When a politician, for example, partners with a corporation to advance the corporation's interest in exchange for some benefit, a conflict of interest may make the partnership problematic from the standpoint of the public good. Developed countries often strongly regulate certain partnerships via anti-trust laws, so as to to inhibit monopolistic practices and foster free market competition.

Among developed countries, business partnerships are often favored over corporations in taxation policy, since dividend taxes only occur on profits before they are distributed to the partners. However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a partnership may be exposed to greater personal liability than they would as shareholders of a corporation.

Cooperation

Cooperation, co-operation or coöperation is the process of working or acting together, which can be accomplished by both intentional and non-intentional agents. In its simplest form it involves things working in harmony, side by side, while in its more complicated forms, it can involve something as complex as the inner workings of a human being or even the social patterns of a nation. It is the alternative to working separately in competition. Cooperation can also be accomplished by computers, which can handle shared resources simultaneously, while sharing processor timeю

Cooperative systems

Cooperation, more formally speak is how the components of a system work together to achieve the global properties. In other words, individual components that appear to be “selfish” and independent work together to create a highly complex, greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts system. Examples can be found all around us. The components in a cell work together to keep it living. Cells work together and communicate to produce multicultural organisms. Organisms form food chains and ecosystems. People form families, gangs, cities and nations. Neurons create thought and consciousness. Atoms cooperate in a simple way, by combining to make up molecules. Understanding the mechanisms that create cooperating agents in a system is one of the most important and least well understood phenomena in nature, though there has not been a lack of effort. Individual action on behalf of a larger system may be coerced (forced), voluntary (freely chosen), or even unintentional, and consequently individuals and groups might act in concert even though they have almost nothing in common as regards interests or goals. Examples of that can be found in market trade, military wars, families, workplaces, schools and prisons, and more generally any institution or organization of which individuals are part (out of own choice, by law, or forced).

Граматичний матеріал: Повторення граматичного матеріалу.

Ex. 1. Fill in the missing articles (a, the, -), where it is necessary. Make it the next way: 1. a, 2. the, 3. -, 4. the і т.д.

(1)___little girl was sitting on (2) ___front porch when (3) ___stranger came up to the gate. He tried to open it but (4) ___gate wouldn’t open. “Is your mother at home, little one?” asked (5) ___stranger. “Yes, sir, she’s always at home,” said (6) ___child. (7)___stranger jumped over (8) ___gate and rang (9) ___ doorbell. There was no answer. He rang it several times more, and waited. (10)___ door remained closed. Somewhat angry, he turned to (11) ___ child and said: “Didn’t you say your mother was at home?” “Yes, and I’m sure she is,” replied (12) ___girl. “Then why doesn’t she answer my ring, I wonder!?” “I think she will, sir, when you reach our house,” replied (13) ___girl. We live (14) ___four doors down (15)___street”.

Ex. 2. Choose the right answer. 1. Two people were      seriously    injured in the accident.  (serious / seriously) 2. The driver of the car had      serious    injuries.  (serious / seriously) 3. I think you behaved very ____________. (selfish / selfishly) 4. Rose is ____________ upset about losing her job.  (terrible / terribly) 5. There was a ____________ change in the weather.  (sudden / suddenly) 6. Everybody at the party was ____________ dressed.  (colourful / colourfully) 7. Linda likes wearing ____________ clothes.  (colourful / colourfully) 8. Liz fell and hurt herself quite ____________.  (bad / badly) 9. Joe says he didn't do well at school because he was ____________ taught.  (bad / badly) 10. Don't go up that ladder. It doesn't look ____________.  (safe / safely)

Ex. 3. Complete the given sentences using the proper comparison form (older/more important etc.).

1. It's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere _quieter?_

2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ---.

3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be ---.

4. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be ---.

5. The weather is too cold in this country. I'd like to live somewhere ---.

6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I'd like to do something ---.

7. 1 was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be ---.

8. Your work isn't very good. I'm sure you can do ---.

9. Don't worry. The situation isn't so bad. It could be ---.

10. 1 was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to take ---.

Ex. 4. Insert the numeral (quantitative or ordinal).

1. There are ________ months in a year.

2. January is ________ month of the year.

3. May is ________ month of the year.

4. There are ________ months in winter.

5. December is ________ month of the year and ________ month of winter.

6. There are ________ days in a week: ________ one is Monday, ________ one is Tuesday, ________one is Wednesday, ________ one is Thursday, ________ one is Friday, ________ one is Saturday and ________ one is Sunday.

7. Sunday is ________ day of the week in England and ________ one in Russia.

8. Monday is ________ day in Russia and ________ in Great Britain.

9. There are ________ hours in a day, ________ minutes in an hour and ________ seconds in a minute. 10.September, April, June and November have ________ days. All the rest have ________ except February.

Домашнє завдання:

1. Опрацювати програмний матеріал. 2. Виконати граматичні завдання. 3. Робота з фаховим текстом.