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establishment	[Is'txblISmqnt]	заклад
to undergo testing	[Andq'gqu]	проходити тестування
midwife	['mIdwaIf]	акушерка
duty	['dju:tI]	обов’язок
Obstetrics	[Ob'stFtrIks]	акушерство
senior	['sInIq]	старший
to last	[lQ:st]	тривати
subintership	[sAb'Intq:nSIp]	субординатура

If you wish to become a physician, a dentist, a pharmacist you must enter one of the medical universities. There are more than 15 higher medical establishments in Ukraine. There are also medical schools which train nurses, doctor’s assistants, midwives and laboratory assistants.

To enter a medical university the applicants *undergo testing in Biology and Chemistry or Physics. If they achieve good results they are admitted. The term of training lasts for 5 or 6 years. The academic year has two terms. At the end of each term the medical students take their credit tests and examinations.

During the first two years they are given general, preclinical training. They study the following subjects: Morphology, Physiology, Pathology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Physics, Chemistry and General Biology, Anatomy, Histology, Latin one of the foreign languages and other subjects. During the senior years the students are taught such clinical subjects as Therapy, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology and others.

The senior students *gain practical skills working at different medical institutions. At the end of the 3^rd course they perform the duties of the nurses. After the 4^th year the students work as doctor’s assistants at the medical, surgical and obstetrical wards. After the 5^th year they take a practical course in an outpatient clinic.

During the 6^th year the students have the subinternship when they must *become proficient in one of the three main clinical subjects – Internal Diseases, Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynecology. Then after completing the course they *get their work appointments. But the graduates are not immediately given their diplomas. They must serve as interns for an extra year at large hospitals. Only then they get their doctor’s diplomas and the right to independent work. The best graduates *are engaged in research. They defend their dissertation after *attending the post-graduate courses and obtain degrees of candidates of sciences.

Their salaries and their *service record begin from the time of their appointment.

Notes:

* to undergo testing – проходити тестування

* to gain skills [geIn] - набувати навички

* to perform the duty - виконувати обов’язок

* to become proficient [prq'fISqnt] – спеціалізуватися

* work appointment – призначення на роботу, направлення на роботу

* to be engaged [In'geIGd] залучати до

* to attend post-graduate course [q'tFnd pOst grxdjuIt 'kO:s] – відвідувати аспірантуру (вчитися на курсах підвищення кваліфікації)

* service record ['rFko:d] – стаж роботи

Questions about the text:

1. Where can we receive the medical education?

2. How long does the course of study last?

3. What subjects are studied in preclinical training?

4. What do the senior medical students study?

5. How do the senior students gain practical skills ?

6. What do they do during their internship?

7. What perspective do the best graduates have?

Summary

In Ukraine medical education is received at medical schools, medical institutes and universities. Medical schools train nurses, doctor’s assistants, midwives and laboratory assistants. At universities the course of studies lasts for 5 or 6 years. During first two years the students study general subjects: Biology, Physics, Chemistry and General Biology, Anatomy, Histology, Latin and others. During senior years they study clinical subjects: Therapy, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology and others. Besides the students have practical training at hospitals and policlinics. After the course of studies medical students pass final exams. Then they work as interns for 1 or 2 years. Only then they get their doctor’s diplomas.

HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN