- •Stylistics and its Subdivisions
- •Process of reading is decoding
- •Expressive Means (em) and Stylistic Devices (sd)
- •The philological circle (the circle of understanding) – l Spitzer
- •Synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea;
- •Seminar 1 General problems of stylistics Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •1.1. Dictionary definitions of style
- •1.2. Style in literary criticism and reviews of books
- •1.3. Raymond Queneau's Exercises in Style
- •Recommended literature:
- •2.1. The phonetic level of stylistic analysis
- •Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Questions and tasks
- •Sound instrumentation
- •Alliteration Assonance Onomatopoeia
- •2.2. Graphic Expressive Means An Outline
- •2.3. Morphological Level of Stylistic Analysis An Outline
- •Seminar 2 Phonographic and morphemic expressive means Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Logical 2. Nominal 3. Emotive meanings.
- •Classification of the semantic structure according to Leningrad school of stylistics: Semantic structure of a word (Prof. I.V.Arnold) consists of denotative and connotative meanings.
- •Semantic structure of words (Prof. Arnold)
- •Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
- •Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •E.G. I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my feelings; it is repugnant to my feelings. (d) “My children, my defrauded, swindled infants!” cried Mr. Renvings. (d)
- •Seminar 3 Stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary Questions and tasks
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •The lexical thesaurus of the poetic text
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •Unit 4 Stylistic Phraseology An Outline
- •Seminar 4 Stylistic Phraseology Questions and tasks
- •Red herring
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •Units 5-7 Stylistic semasiology An Outline
- •Expressing the emotive and evaluative attitude of the writer towards the object described: ”The Peacelike Mongoose” (j.Thurber)
- •Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Classification of Lexical Stylistic Devices (I.R.Galperin)
- •I. The Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meaning
- •1. Interaction of Dictionary and Contextual Logical Meaning
- •2. Interaction of Primary and Derivative Logical Meanings
- •3. Interaction of Logical and Emotive Meaning
- •Classification of Epithets
- •4. Interaction of Logical and Nominal Meaning
- •II. Intensification of a Feature (Lexico-Syntactical sd in V.A. Kukharenko’s classification)
- •Classification of Lexical Stylistic Devices (lsd)
- •Syntactical sd (ssd) – I.R.Galperin
- •The Types of Repetition on the Syntactical Level
- •Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices (lssd) (V.A.Kucharenko)
- •1) Analogy::recurrence (Simile, Climax, Periphrasis)
- •2) Contrast::recurrence (Anticlimax, Antithesis, Litotes)
- •1) Evokes fresh images;
- •2) Reveals the author’s attitude, when it is original (fresh).
- •Antithesis,
- •Anticlimax
- •Litotes
- •Seminar 5 Lexical Level of Stylistic Analysis Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •Recommended literature:
- •Seminar 6 syntactical level of stylistic analysis Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •Supplement
- •V. A raison de coeur
- •Recommended literature:
- •Unit 8 Stylistic grammar An Outline
- •Stylistic functions of articles
- •Stylistic transposition of pronouns
- •Adjectives, stylistic function of degrees of comparison
- •Stylistic functions of verbal categories
- •Seminar 8 Stylistic grammar Questions and tasks
- •Units 9-10 Functional stylistics An Outline
- •Functional styles, general characteristics, different classifications of functional styles.
- •Functional Styles of the English Language
- •F unctional Styles (y.M.Screbnev)
- •Literary colloquial
- •Familiar colloquial
- •I.V. Arnold
- •Functional Styles (I.R.G.)
- •Classification of Functional Styles of the English Language (I.R.Galperin)
- •The Problem of Colloquial Style
- •The Publicist Style, its Substyles, and their Peculiarities
- •The Newspaper fs, its Substyles and their Peculiarities
- •Formulative
- •1) Rigour and precision:
- •2) Impersonality: Passive Voice constructions
- •3) Logical sequence of utterances is achieved through:
- •The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language
- •It is characterized by special business terminology:
- •Informal functional styles:
- •Seminars 9-10 functional styles Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Supplement
- •Recommended literature:
- •Unit 11 types of narration and compositional terms An outline
- •Stylistic functions of the author’s narrative:
- •Seminar 11 types of narration Questions and tasks
- •Seminar 12 stylistics of the text Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Suggested schemes for stylistic analyses
- •The general scheme of linguo-stylistic analysis
- •Examination Questions and Problems
- •Assignments for stylistic analysis
- •Bibliography
Syntactical sd (ssd) – I.R.Galperin
Economy of Lg elements |
Redundancy of Lg elements |
Distribution of Lg elements |
Ellipsis Aposiopesis Asyndeton Apokoinu Construction
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2. Rhetorical question 3. Detachment 4. Attachment 5. Suspense
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Repetition:
Ordinary:
Anaphora: a…; a…; a…;
Epiphora: …a; …a; …a;
Anadiplosis: a…b; b…c;
Chain repetition: a…b; b…c; c…d …
Successive repetition: a…b, b, b …
Framing.
The Types of Repetition on the Syntactical Level
repetition of an abstract syntactical position (this is observed in any sentence comprising two or more homogeneous parts, which relate syntactically but not semantically)
synonymic repetition (repetition of an abstract syntactical position involving the usage of synonyms, i.e. the homogeneous parts relate syntactically and semantically)
repetition of the same element (word or phrase) within the sentence (is typical for colloquial speech and concerns mostly qualifying adverbs and adjectives, such as for ever and ever; very, very, very good, etc.)
parallelism (involves a repetition of identical syntactical constructions and contributes to rhythmic and melodic unification of adjacent sentences; it serves either to emphasise the repeated element, or to create a contrast, or underlines the semantic connection between sentences).
Parallel constructions are based on the repetition of the whole syntactical structure of several successive sentences.
He had been called.
He had been touched.
He had been summoned. (R.W.)
The Types of Repetition on the Lexico-Syntactical Level
anaphora a…, a…, a…
(Implies identity of initial parts of two or more autonomous syntactical segments (verse lines, stanzas, paragraphs, etc.), adjacent or at a distance in the text, yet obviously connected semantically),e.g.:
I love your hills,
I love your walls,
I love your flocks and bleating. (Keats)
epiphora …a, …a, …a.
(As opposed to anaphora implies recurrence of one or several elements concluding two or more syntactical units), e.g.:
I wake up and I am alone
and I walk round Warley and I am alone;
and I talk to people and I am alone
and I look at his face when I’m home and it’s dead. (J.Br.)
framing abca.
(The term is used to denote the recurrence of the initial segment at the very end of a syntactic unit, by which a kind of frame is formed with the help of recurring words)
anadiplosis (catch repetition) …a, a…
(Greek “doubling”; the final element of a syntactical unit recurs at the very beginning of the succeeding unit, the concluding part of the preceding unit serves the starting point of the next)
chain repetition …a, a…b, b…c, c…
(Presents several successive anadiploses, the effect is that of the smoothly developing reasoning, e.g.:
Living is the art of loving.
Loving is the art of caring.
Caring is the art of sharing.
Sharing is the art of living. (W.H.D.)
ordinary repetition …a, …a…, a…(has no definite place in the sentence and the repeated unit occurs in various positions; ordinary repetition emphasizes both the logical and the emotional meanings of the reiterated unit).
successive repetition … a, a, a … is a string of closely following each other reiterated units; this is the most emphatic type of repetition, it signifies the peak of the speaker’s / writer’s emotions.