Контрольная работа №4

(выполняется в 4-ом семестре)

Варианты 1, 2, 3

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 4, необходимо изучить следующие разделы курса английского языка, используя рекомендуемые пособия и справочные материалы.

1. Сокращения, принятые в научно-популярной литературе.

2. Инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты. Опознавание и особенности перевода.

3. Инверсия в утвердительном предложении.

4. Передача отрицания в английском предложении.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №4

Вариант 1 Выполните следующие задания к тексту.

Задание 1. Просмотрите отрывок из текста Necessity is the mother of invention

One day in October 1831 a nine-year-old boy in a mountain village in eastern France witnessed a terrible scene. A mad wolf with poisonous foam dripping from its fangs had dashed through the streets of the village and bitten eight people. Their screams were still ringing in his ears, when, several weeks later, all eight victims of the mad wolf died in great pain.

"Why do people die when a mad wolf bites them?" Louis asked his father. But his father was a simple man and could offer but one explanation: "Perhaps a devil gets into the wolf." Actually, even the best doctors and scientists in those days could have told the boy little more. In 1831 nothing was known about the causes of hydrophobia (бешенство), or of very many other terrible diseases for that matter.

Soon afterwards his father sent young Louis Pasteur to school in Paris. There he became interested in chemistry and it was mainly thanks to the lectures of the great French chemist Jean Dumas.

Pasteur was 26 when he made his first great discovery in chemistry. He had been studying tartaric acid (винная кислота) and found that the optical activity of its modifications was directly related to the asymmetric structure of its crystals. This discovery that molecules can be "right-handed" or "left-handed" was of great importance to stereochemistry. Pasteur was now made professor in Lille, in the heart of France's vineyards. So it happened that he became interested in the problems of the wine industry, a very important industry in France where wine and beer often went sour as it aged. Millions of francs were lost as a result. The wine and beer producers turned to for help to the famous young chemist now living in their midst.

Pasteur studied the good wine under the microscope and then compared it with the soured wine. Both contained yeast cells, but the shape of the cells was different. There was clearly a special kind of yeast that soured wine. He decided to kill the yeast causing souring by heating it. The wine-makers were horrified at the thought of heating wine. But Pasteur soon convinced them he was right. He heated some samples, left others unheated and told the wine makers to wait a few months. When the samples that had been heated were opened they were all in excellent condition. As for the unheated ones, many of them turned out to be sour. Since then gentle heating to kill undesirable microscopic organisms has been called "pasteurization".

Pasteur next proved that all fermentation is the work of bacteria. In 1865 Pasteur went to southern France to study a silkworm disease that was threatening the country's entire silkworm industry. For six years he struggled with the diseases of the silkworms, and eventually he succeeded in identifying the microbes responsible for the diseases and defeating them. His microscope had saved yet another industry!

Pasteur's last achievement was to track down the microbe responsible for hydrophobia. He managed this but his work was now done. His last triumph was too much for him. He died in 1895.

By the time of his death, the microbe theory of disease had been established. What is more, Pasteur had provided medicine with a method of fighting disease and preventing it. In the course of his experiments he had produced weakened strains of pathogenic microbes and had proved that these weakened microscopic organisms could make us immune to that disease. This discovery has enabled microbiology to protect us from very many deadly diseases against which there used to be no defence.

Задание 2. Расшифруйте сокращения, используя приложение к англо­-русскому словарю.

hr, a.m., B. C., Govt, N.Y.

Задание 3. Переведите предложения, содержащие отрицание на русский язык

We failed to read English books.

We used no English texts.

Such a situation is not impossible.

Задание 4. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите предложение, содержащее инверсию.

It was he who made experiment yesterday.

Important for this method is temperature.

It was not until 1870 that he published his work.

Задание 5. Составьте предложение, используя инфинитив. Переведите его на русский язык.

to go, he, to southern France, was known, to study the disease.

Задание 6. Перестройте предложение, используя конструкцию «именительный падеж с инфинитивом». Используйте в качестве сказуемого глаголы to say или to think. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

The discovery was of great importance to chemistry.

Задание 7. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя инфинитивные обороты.

Я хочу, чтобы ты прочитал эту книгу.

Для меня чтение книги не сложно.

Он, как говорят, будет великим ученым.

Задание 8. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Задание 9. 0заглавьте текст на английском языке, используя имя ученого, о котором идет речь.

Задание 10. Составьте два вопроса по содержанию текста на английском языке. Переведите вопросы на русский язык.

Задание 11. Напишите краткое изложение текста на английском языке (6-8 предложений).

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4