Вариант 3 Выполните следующие задания к тексту.

Задание 1. Просмотрите отрывок из текста THE TELEGRAPH, Communicating at a distance...

Shilling's work was continued in Russia by B. Yakobi, who made several improvements in the electromagnetic telegraph. In 1841 he connected the Winter Palace with the General Staff by telegraph, and two years later linked St. Petersburg with Tsarskoye Selo. This 25 kilometre-line was the longest in the world at that time. It was Yakobi too who invented the telegraph sending key, adopted by the American Samuel Morse. Morse, however, invented the telegraph code of dots and dashes, which is used all over the world to this day.

The Morse Code, as you see, is based on combinations of dots and dashes, just as Shilling's code was based on combinations of white and black.

Samuel Morse first tried his apparatus on a 60-kilometre-line between Washington and Baltimore. The United States Congress had given him 30 thousand dollars for the work, but not without a long debate. For a long time the Congressmen had been unable to grasp the meaning of the words "telegraph", "magnetism", and the like. The Washington — Baltimore line was a big success, and by 1851, seven years later, there were 50 telegraph companies in the United States.

In Russia the first long-distance telegraph line was built between St. Petersburg and Warsaw in 1854. It replaced the optical telegraph line that existed between those two cities.

The first transatlantic telegraph cable from Europe to America was laid in 1858 after several highly dramatic but unsuccessful attempts. In the first attempt, for example, the cable broke when the ship laying it, the Niagara, was 600 kilometres away from the coast of Ireland. Since there were no means of recovering the end of the cable, the project had to be dropped. In another attempt the cable-laying ship, the Agamemnon, almost sank in a storm. Afterwards it encountered a whale which almost broke the cable. Much of the credit for the ultimate success of the undertaking is due to the great British scientist Professor William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin. He also invented the mirror galvanometer, the very sensitive instrument used at first to receive signals transmitted over very long cables.

A fleet of special ships has to be maintained to repair underwater cables when they break. The cables can be damaged by corrosion, earthquakes, ships' anchors, worms, and fish. For example, on November 18, 1929, a big underwater earthquake in the North Atlantic damaged most of the cables between Europe and America. An unusual thing happened to an underwater cable in April 1932. When a repair ship lifted the damaged cable to the surface from a depth of 1,000 metres, it found that it had lifted a whale with the cable. Few zoologists had believed before that, that whales descended to such depths in search of food. Probably the whale had mistaken the cable for the tentacles of a giant octopus.

.Задание 2. Выпишите из текста незнакомые слова, укажите их словарную форму, транскрипцию, словарный и контекстуальный переводы.

(Например, were transmitted – to transmit – передавать, пересылать – пересылались)

Задание 3. Выпишите три слова, которые можно считать терминами.

Задание 4. Выпишите два слова греческого происхождения и два слова латинского происхождения, переведите их. Уточните правильность выбора по словарю иностранных слов на русском языке.

Задание 5. Выпишите и проанализируйте все сказуемые главного (и придаточного) предложения в первом и втором абзацах текста по схеме (наклонение, время, вид, залог) с переводом на русский язык.

(Например, had been said – изъявительное наклонение, прошедшее время, совершенный вид, страдательный залог)

Задание 6. Выпишите пять местоимений из текста с переводом. Укажите, как называются эти местоимения. (Например, this - этот /указательное/ )

Задание 7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на существительные в роли определения. Washington - Baltimor line, mirror galvanometer.

Задание 8. Напишите прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степенях

good, unsuccessful, long.

Задание 9. Перепишите текст и переведите его на русский язык. Отредактируйте перевод в соответствии с принятыми нормами русского языка.

Задание 10. Составьте предложение из следующих слов и словосочетаний.

from Europe to America, the first, in 1858, was laid, transatlantic cable.

Переведите это предложение на русский язык.

Задание 11. Переведите предложение на английский язык письменно.

Азбука Морзе была основана на сочетании точек и тире. Эта система используется во всем мире до сегодняшнего дня.

Задание 12. Переведите на английский язык, используя текст.

Как видно, не без длительного обсуждения, понять смысл не было возможности, в поисках пищи.

Задание 13. Ответьте на вопросы письменно на английском языке.

What is Morse Code?

What happened in 1858?

What were Lord Kelvin's discoveries?

Задание 14. Напишите, о чем говорится в тексте на русском языке в одном предложении.

В данном тексте автор…