- •Unit I
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Passive structures and their message
- •Ambiguous Ved forms
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Study and research
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate Text 1 about scientific research in Supplementary reading. Pick up words and expressions which can be of use for you.
- •II. Рассмотрим перевод некоторых грамматических конструкций, содержащих ing-формы.
- •Pure and applied science
- •Automation in the research process
- •Ambiguous combinations of Ving and n
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Experimental work
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2 Translate into English.
- •V3. Read and translate Text 2 about empirical research in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •The infinitive
- •Инфинитивные обороты
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Showing and proving
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate the words in brackets. Then translate the sentences into Russian:
- •V3. Translate into English:
- •V4. Read and translate Text 3 about evaluation of research results in Supplementary reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V5 Write a piece of 5-7 sentences to characterize the process of evaluating the data that you have obtained in the course of your research. Use grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 4
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Summary chart of modals and similar expressions
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Obtaining and analysing results
- •V1. Translate into English:
- •V2. Read and translate text 4 about analysis of research results in Supplementary Reading. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •Conditionals without if
- •Sentences with as if, as though
- •Object clauses with subjunctive
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Describing trends and tendencies
- •V1. There are a lot of verbs and nouns describing changes in size, number, price, value etc. Find the verbs that indicate an upward, downward or horizontal movement:
- •V2. Describe the rate and size of change observed:
- •V3. Complete the sentences with the prepositions: of, per, at, by, from…to.
- •V4. Translate into Russian:
- •V5. Read the example of a scatter graph description. Pick up words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V6. Write 5-7 sentences describing some trends in the field of your research. Unit 6
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Suffixes of the noun
- •The noun
- •2. Множественное число некоторых заимствованных из других языков существительных образуется по правилам этих языков:
- •3.Существительное в роли определителя: правило ряда
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •Comparing and contrasting
- •V1. Translate into Russian:
- •V2. Translate into English:
- •V3. Read and translate text 5 where fundamental science and experimental science are compared. Pick up the words and expressions which might be of use for you.
- •V4. Write an essay of 5-7 sentences comparing :
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Grammar слова-заместители
- •3) This, these:
- •Vocabulary
- •Emphasizing
- •Concluding
- •V1. Translate into Russian.
- •V2. Write an essay about your research work using all grammar structures and vocabulary studied. Unit 8
- •Improve your pronunciation:
- •Prepositions and conjunctions
- •Наиболее употребительные составные предлоги:
- •Наиболее употребительные составные союзы
- •Cлова, на которые следует обратить особое внимание
- •Vocabulary
- •Learn to use proper words
- •V1. Translate the sentences
- •V2. Make up a story about a scientist using idioms and expressions with the word “time”. You might start as follows:
- •To make and to do
- •V3. Complete the sentences with to make or to do in the proper form. Then translate them into Russian.
- •V4. Translate the sentences
- •V5. Continue the story about the scientist but this time try to use the verbs “to make” and “to do”. Unit 9 word building
- •Complex sentence
- •Vocabulary learn to deduce the meaning of english words:
- •Supplementary reading
- •Research
- •Empirical research
- •Evaluation and improvement
- •Aspects of validation
- •Analysis of research results
- •The process of data analysis
- •1. Data cleaning
- •2. Initial data analysis
- •3. Main data analysis
- •Fundamental science and applied science compared
- •Supplementary information most widespread abbreviations
- •Linking words and phrases
- •Table of mathematical symbols
- •Main sources of information
Vocabulary
Learn to use proper words
Topic:
Study and research
TO STUDY: to examine the subject carefully in order to find out more about it and to discover new facts: Scientists are studying what causes the desease. Pavlov studied how dogs could be trained to associate certain sounds with food.
A STUDY [C]: The study showed that 25 percent of adults do not eat breakfast. There have been many studies on this subject.
TO RESEARCH: to study a particular subject, especially a particular detailed part of a subject: He has been researching the material for his thesis. Ten years ago I began researching into the role of women in trade unions.
RESEARCH [U]: Billions of dollars have been spent on research into the causes and treatment of cancer. The University has been the leading center for research in this field for a long time.
TO DO/CARRY OUT/CONDUCT RESEARCH: to study smth, especially as a part of a scientific or academic project: Universities are finding it difficult to get the funding they need to do basic research. The research was carried out by a team of scientists at Newcastle University. The department is conducting research into how to make diesel engines burn fuel more efficiently. Since 1992, the team has been carrying out research into the effects of human activity on wildlife.
TO INVESTIGATE: to find out all the facts about smth in order to find the truth about it. It is used about accidents and crimes, also about scientific studies into a specialized subject: Greenpeace has been investigating the environmental impact of dumping nuclear waste in the ocean. The police are investigating the incident.
TO EXAMINE: to consider or look at smth carefully in order to find out more about it: The professor and his team have been examining different methods of predicting earthquakes.
EXAMINATION: These proposals will need a detailed examination before a decision can be reached. Some new projects are under examination at the moment.
TO EVALUATE: to examine smth in order to decide how good, useful, important etc it is: The Commission will evaluate the relative costs and benefits of the three possible airport sites.
EVALUATION: The evaluation of the data should be carried out very carefully.
TO ANALYZE: to study smth in detail, especially figures and results from research: Scientists have been analyzing the latest data about global warming.
ANALYSIS (pl. analyses): The study included an analysis of the accidental statistics. In the final analysis it is up to the students to decide which major to choose.
V1. Translate into Russian:
A, B
1. The samples of leaves taken from the area were analyzed by the team of scientists. 2. The study will evaluate the long-term effects of exposure to radiation. 3. I think you should be examined by a doctor. 4. The ability to analyze and evaluate information is extremely important for an investigator. 5. Four key proposals will be examined by the commission. 6. The research aims to investigate why schools are not doing better. 7. She was thoroughly investigated by FBI before being offered the job. 8. The researcher took each item and thoroughly examined it. 9. All complaints from our customers are investigated quickly and efficiently. 10. The effect of this new technology on the workers will be studied carefully.