- •Практикум
- •Введение
- •Желаем успехов в учебе!
- •Unit 1. Flu and common cold.
- •Flu vs. Common Cold
- •1. Complete the sentences.
- •2. The text contains information about the difference between flu and common cold. Fill in the table using the information from the text. If any information is not available from the text, put “—“.
- •3. Using the information you have collected in the table, compare flu and common cold. Use both… and, unlike, as…as, not so (as)… as.
- •5. Make your dialogues between
- •6. Give your advice to people on preventing flu. Use the information in the texts. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. The article describes the cases of 4 loud music fans. Decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •2. Extract information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •3. You are the patient. Think of 5-7 questions you might ask your doctor about the condition. Be especially interested in the risk factors, prognosis and possible complications.
- •4. Now you are the doctor. Read the passage and explain
- •6. Now read a passage about asthma relievers (препараты для облегчения симптомов). What is the difference between preventers and relievers?
- •1. Does the article say that…
- •2. Ask your questions.
- •3. Use the article to write about the bp gene research. Write about:
- •4. Read the passage and answer the questions: How is hypertension formally diagnosed in the uk? Why is “ambulatory” bp monitoring advised?
- •4. Explain to your patient the necessity of knowing their blood pressure. Tell them how high blood pressure can cause developing other diseases. Try to avoid a lot of specific medical terms.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •Heart attack test 'detects more'
- •1. Answer the questions about myocardial infarction.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •6. Read the passage and answer the questions: Is viral gastroenteritis a serious illness? Who is at risk? Why?
- •1. Decide if the statement are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
- •1. Choose the statements that are false. Correct them.
- •2. The text presents the symptoms of hepatitis c. Match the symptoms with their meanings.
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Read the passage about the causes of hepatitis c and fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box.
- •5. Use the text in Task 4 to ask questions your patient might ask about the causes of hepatitis c and ways of transmitting the virus.
- •6. Talk to your patient about ways of preventing hepatitis c and its complications. Try to avoid specific medical terms.
- •1. Extract the necessary information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available, put “—“.
- •2. Answer the questions about the research project described in the article.
- •3. Summarize the information about the new vaccine project and present it to the class.
- •4. One of the big problems in treating bacterial infections is drug resistance. Read the passage about this phenomenon and fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •5. Using the information in the passage, ask 5-7 questions that a patient might ask about tb treatment.
- •6. Make a dialogue between a doctor and a patient in which the doctor will answer the patient’s questions about the details of tb treatment.
- •1. The article describes an experiment in which a group of patients were offered a diet to return insulin production to normal. Does the article suggest that…
- •2. A) Summarize the information about the experiment in the table below.
- •3. What do different researchers think about the experiment? Fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
- •4. The article deals with Type 2 diabetes. Now read the passage about Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes and say 1) what the three types have in common, 2) what makes them different.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box. Then, answer the questions: What methods of giving insulin to patients are there? Which method is the least efficient? Which method doesn’t work?
- •5. Make up dialogues. You suspect diabetes in your patient. Before doing a blood test ask him/her questions to find out the symptoms and details of the lifestyle:
- •Глоссарий 1. Актуальные глаголы подъязыка медицины.
1. The article describes the cases of 4 loud music fans. Decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f). Correct the false ones.
The man had a car accident driving to work.
He was listening to very loud music.
Doctors advise not to listen to loud music.
Going to clubs can be dangerous.
Hospitals rarely admit patients with a pneumothorax. It is a very rare condition.
Men have cases of pneumothorax much more often than women.
2. Extract information from the article and fill in the table. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
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Pneumothorax | |
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Organs affected |
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Symptoms |
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Character of pain |
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Cause |
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Tests and exams |
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Risk factors |
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Treatment |
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Outlook (Prognosis) |
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Possible complications |
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Prevention |
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3. You are the patient. Think of 5-7 questions you might ask your doctor about the condition. Be especially interested in the risk factors, prognosis and possible complications.
4. Now you are the doctor. Read the passage and explain
a) to your patient with a small pneumothorax why he may go home after a few hours,
b) to your patient with a large pneumothorax why he should stay in hospital for a few days.
A small pneumothorax may go away on its own. You may only need oxygen and rest. The doctor may use a needle to pull the extra air out from around the lung so it can expand more fully. You may be allowed to go home if you live near the hospital. If you have a large pneumothorax, a chest tube will be placed between the ribs into the space around the lungs to help drain the air and allow the lung to re-expand. The chest tube can be left in place for several days. You may need to stay in the hospital. However, you may be able to go home if a small chest tube is used. Some patients with a collapsed lung need extra oxygen.
5. In addition to the symptoms described in the article, a larger pneumothorax will cause more severe symptoms, including chest tightness, easy fatigue, rapid heart rate, bluish colour of the skin. Can you explain why?
UNIT 3. ASTHMA.
Read the article and do the tasks below.
While reading, find the words and expressions that mean the following:
1) исследование (2 слова); 2) ожирение / тучный, страдающий ожирением; 3) вызывать, инициировать, запускать (напр., механизм); 4) пыльца; 5) узкий; 6) воспаленный; 7) распухать; 8) раздраженный; 9) человек с нормальным весом; 10) иметь избыточный вес; 11) вызывать состояние; 12) контролировать (заболевание); 13) улучшать; 14) повышенный риск.
Overweight 'higher asthma risk'
US researchers reviewed 7 studies involving over 330,000 adult and child patients. They said obesity was well-known as a risk factor for diabetes and heart disease, and that asthma could now be added to that list. UK experts agreed there was a link, but said the reasons were still unclear.
Asthma affects the small tubes - airways - that carry air in and out of the lungs. When something triggers asthma (it may be pollen or a pet, for example), the muscle around the walls of the airways tightens so that the airway becomes narrower. The lining of the airways becomes inflamed and starts to swell, and mucus, or phlegm, can be produced. These reactions cause the airways to become narrower and irritated, which leads to the symptoms of asthma - such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and a tight feeling in the chest.
The analysis showed that for every normal weight person with asthma, there were 1.5 people with asthma who were overweight or obese. The risk of having asthma for those who were obese was twice higher. Researchers could not understand what caused the increased risk of asthma.
Obesity causes problems in lung function, such as a reduction in lung volume and an increase in the amount of oxygen used during breathing, but it is not enough to induce the condition. And the researchers said the symptoms associated with this, such as breathlessness, could have been wrongly interpreted as asthma.
A spokeswoman for Asthma UK said: "There is long-standing evidence that obesity and asthma are linked. This new research attempts to clarify this relationship, however the exact reasons remain unclear. Other studies have shown that losing weight and getting fitter can help in both managing asthma and improving lung function, which supports our advice to people with asthma that a healthy, balanced diet and regular exercise can help them feel more in control of their condition."
The article mentions some organs which can be affected by asthma and their characteristics. Complete the statements explaining what these organs do and what these characteristics mean.
Airways are …………
The lining of the airways …………
Lungs …………
Lung volume …………
Answer the questions about asthma and its symptoms.
What symptoms of asthma does the article mention?
Only adults can suffer from asthma, can’t they?
What are the asthma triggers? Could you add more triggers to those mentioned in the article?
Can you explain what happens during an asthma attack?
The article describes a study that shows the link between asthma and obesity. Fill in the table with the details of the study. If any information is not available from the article, put “—“.
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Asthma and Obesity | |
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Background of the study |
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Aim of the study |
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Material |
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Methods |
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Results |
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Conclusions |
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Using the information in Task 3, make your summary of the study described in the article.
Situation: the patient has asthma attacks very seldom, but the doctor insists (настаивает) on his taking asthma preventers regularly.
Ask 5-7 questions the patient might ask about the necessity of taking preventers regularly.
Answer the patient’s questions using the information in the passage about preventers below.
Preventers are designed to quell (подавлять) swelling and inflammation in the airways and reduce mucus. This also reduces the sensitivity of the airways and so minimises potential damage. The protective effect is built up gradually over a period of about 2 weeks. Your medication must be taken daily to maintain protection, even if you are not experiencing symptoms. Most preventers are based on corticosteroids. Most common types of preventers are inhaled steroids. Occasionally, if your asthma is acute and severe, you may be given a short course of steroids taken as tablets, or even an injection. The main side effects are hoarseness (осиплость) and an increased risk of mouth and throat infections caused by thrush (молочница) that lives normally on the body's mucous membranes.