Техника перевода

Полезно соблюдать определенный алгоритм действий:

1. Прежде чем начать перевод, внимательно прочитайте весь текст, поймите его содержание.

2. Прочитайте текст вторично, разбив его на небольшие части.

3. Перевод предложений начинайте со сказуемого и подлежащего:

Глагол-сказуемое обычно стоит на втором месте. Запомните способы нахождения сказуемого:

а) по личным местоимениям;

б) по неправильным глаголам;

в) по вспомогательным и модальным глаголам в личной форме;

г) по суффиксу - (е) s

д) по суффиксу – (e) d

Подлежащее находится слева от сказуемого. Помните, что существительные могут быть подлежащим только без предлога перед ним.

4. Найдите значения новых слов в словаре.

5. Внимательно присмотритесь к словам, имеющим знакомые вам английские, латинские или интернациональные корни, суффиксы и префиксы. Попытайтесь установить значения этих слов, обращая внимание на то, какой частью речи являются такие слова, а затем подбирайте соответствующее русское слово.

6. Помните, что в научном тексте часть слов может быть опущена без ущерба содержания.

7. Отличайте определение от определяемого слова (группа с существительным в конце)

8. Слова, оставшиеся непонятными, ищите в словаре, соотнося их значение с контекстом.

I. Прочтите и переведите текст устно.

Angina Pectoris Angina pectoris ("angina") is recurring pain or discomfort in the chest that happens when some part of the heart does not receive enough blood. Angina feels like a pressing or squeezing pain, usually in the chest under the breast bone, but sometimes in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaws, or back. Angina is usually precipitated by exertion. It is usually relieved within a few minutes by resting or by taking prescribed angina medicine. An episode of angina is not a heart attack. Angina pain means that some of the heart muscle in not getting enough blood temporarily-for example, during exercise, when the heart has to work harder. The pain does NOT mean that the heart muscle is suffering irreversible, permanent damage. Episodes of angina seldom cause permanent damage to heart muscle. I n contrast, a heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is suddenly and permanently cut off. This causes permanent damage to the heart muscle. Typically, the chest pain is more severe, lasts longer, and does not go away with rest or with medicine that was previously effective. It may be accompanied by indigestion, nausea, weakness, and sweating. However, the symptoms of a heart attack are varied and may be considerably milder. When someone has a repeating but stable pattern of angina, an episode of angina does not mean that a heart attack is about to happen. Angina means that there is underlying coronary heart disease

II. Выберите из текста предложения, в которых используются модальные глаголы и причастия, выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.

III. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. сердечная мышца

2. значительно мягче

3. постоянный вред

4. сопровождаться потением

5. коронарное заболевание сердца

IV. Выберите утверждения, которые соответствуют данному тексту:

1. Angina is usually precipitated by exertion.

2. Episodes of angina seldom cause permanent damage to heart muscle.

3. Angina feels like a pressing or squeezing pain

V. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам:

1. Occur

2. Permanent

3. Damage

VI. Гуманитарный аспект

Прочитайте текст и передайте его содержание на русском языке:

_{HENRY FORD}

Who is the man in the picture?

What is he doing?

Do you own a car?

Henry Ford was born in 1863 in the state of Michigan. He grew up on a farm but he did not want to become a farmer. He left school when he was sixteen. He wanted to make cars so he went to work as a mechanic.

In 1896 Ford built his first car. This car was very different from the cars of today. For example, its wheels were bicycle wheels.

In 1902 Ford built a car that won an important race. This car was the fastest car that had ever been built. It went seventy miles per hour. By then Ford had enough money to start the Ford Motor Company.

At this time cars cost a lot of money. Only very rich people bought cars. Ford had a dream. He wanted to build a car that many people could afford. Ford was sure that, if people could afford cars, they would buy them. He said, "everybody wants to be somewhere he isn't."

Ford's plan was to make all his cars the same. Cars that are all the same take less time and less money to make. Then Ford could '"charge less money for these cars. In 1908 Ford produced his famous Model T Ford. The Model T sold for $850. This was much cheaper than other cars but still more than most people could pay. One day Ford visited a meat-packing factory. There he saw beef carcasses being moved from one worker to another. Each worker had a particular job to do when the beef carcasses reached him. Ford realized that he could use this assembly line method to build cars.

It took less than two hours to build a car on the assembly line. Before, it took fourteen hours. Ford was able to drop the price of the Model T to $265.

Ford's dream had come true. The Model T was now a car that many people could afford. By 1927, when Ford stopped making the Model T, over 15 million of these cars had been sold.

*IX. Соедините понятие с его определением:

1. diagnosis

2. examination

3. ophthalmologist

4. conjunctiva

5. nystagmus

a) careful study of the patient body to determine the presence or absence of disease or abnormality

b) the mucous membrane lining the inner surfaces of the eyelids and anterior part of the sclera

c) a specialist who provides comprehensive eye and vision care, both medical and surgical

d) rapidly jerking movement of the eye from side to side

e) the use of scientific methods to determine the cause and nature of a patient’s illness