- •Часть II
- •Пояснительная записка
- •Contents
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 1 Biology as the Science of Life
- •1.2 State the part of speech of the following words. Translate them.
- •1.3 Match the phrase from column a with its meaning from column b.
- •1.4 Read the text and make up its plan. Draw three schemes on the first paragraph of the text.
- •1.6 Read the text once more and match the following words from a to their meanings from b.
- •Find English equivalents to these sentences in text 1.4:
- •1.12 Retell text 1.4 according to your plan and add some more information from text 1.10.
- •1.13 Look at these words that appear in the text. Check the meaning and the pronunciation of any unknown words in the dictionary.
- •1.14 Match the phrases from column a with their meanings from column b.
- •1.15 Read and give the title to the text below, draw the schemes to the first paragraph of the text and make up the plan of its second paragraph.
- •1.16 Match the words from column a with its meaning from column b
- •1.17 Answer the following questions using the information from
- •1.18 Work in groups. Read the text and say what new information about plants and animals you have got from it:
- •1.19 Complete the gaps in the following text with the words from
- •1.20 Match Russian sentences from part a (1–12) with their English equivalents from part b (a–I).
- •Remember:
- •1.21 Form the plural of the following nouns:
- •The Passive Voice
- •1.22 Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the use of the Passive forms.
- •1.24 State the tense and voice of the verbs.
- •1.25 Open the brackets using the correct form of the verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •1.26 Complete the sentences with the correct form of one of the verbs given below, using the Passive Voice.
- •1.27 How can animals in danger be saved from extinction? This is what happened to the oryx. Complete the text by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the passive.
- •1.28 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form (Active or Passive Voice).
- •The Natural World. Plants and Animals
- •2.5 Using the text, give characteristics to all groups of vertebrates
- •2.6 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words given below:
- •The world around us
- •2.12 Read the text about mammals and answer the questions. Mammals
- •2.13 Answer the questions:
- •2.14 Translate the following words into Russian. Then complete the columns:
- •2.15 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
- •2.16 Match the verbs in a with their meanings in b, then use these verbs in the right form in the sentences below.
- •Неличные формы глагола
- •Формы инфинитива
- •2.18 Pay attention to the use of the Active Infinitive in the following sentences, state its function and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2.19 Pay attention to the use of the Passive Infinitive in the following sentences, state its function and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2.20 Open the brackets using the correct form of the Infinitive.
- •2.21 Underline the Complex Subject with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2.22 Underline the Complex Object with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •The Classifications of Living Things
- •3.1 You are going to read the text about the classification of plants and animals, check the meaning and pronunciation of the words in the dictionary if necessary:
- •3.2 State the part of speech of the following words. Translate them.
- •2.3 Match the phrase in column a with its meaning in column b.
- •3.3 Read the text and define its main idea: animals and plants
- •Animal kingdom
- •Plant kingdom
- •3.8 Look through the text and choose the most suitable heading from the list 1- 5 for each part a-d of the text. There is an extra heading that you do not need to use.
- •3.9 You are going to read the text. Check the meaning and pronounciation of the words in the dictionary.
- •3.10 Match the phrase in column a with its definition in column b.
- •3.11 Read the text and define its main idea: linnean system of classification
- •3.16 Speak on the topics:
- •3.17 Match the words in a with their meanings in b.
- •What is a mammal?
- •3.22 State whether ing-forms are gerunds, verbal nouns or participles.
- •3.23 Read the sentences, explain the use of the Gerund and translate them into Russian.
- •3.24 Use the Gerund of the verbs in brackets.
- •3.25 Complete the sentences using the Gerund.
- •The Cell
- •4.1 You are going to read the text, check the meaning and pronunciation of the words in the dictionary if necessary
- •4.2 State the part of speech of the following words. Translate them.
- •4.3 Entitle the text, make up its plan, using sentences from the paragraphs or putting questions to each paragraph.
- •4.9 Translate the following passages and entitle them:
- •4.10 Entitle the text and get ready to answer the questions.
- •4.11 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words given below:
- •4.12 Translate the text without a dictionary and guess the meaning of the underlined words: Cell components
- •4.14 Reproduce in your own words:
- •4.15 Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •4.16 State the functions of Participle I. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4.17 State the functions of Participle II. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4.19 Find the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions, analyze what their elements are expressed by and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4.20 Translate the text into Russian, paying attention to the Participles: Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems
- •4.21 Translate the following sentences into Russian and substitute the Absolute Participle Construction by clauses and vice versa.
- •4.22 Translate into Russian:
- •4.23 Note the use of verbals in translate them into Russian. Prehistoric plants
- •Read the text and answer the questions. Biology
- •How do living things differ?
- •What is biology divided into?
- •Findings of what sciences do biologists make use of?
- •How has biological research affected people's lives?
- •Study the information and tell about the branches of biology which are closer to your interests.
- •3. Read the text and answer the question:
- •What is Biology
- •4. Read the text and tell about the differences in sensitivity of plants and animals. Sensitivity
- •5. Read the text and find equivalents to the Russian words:
- •Reproduction
- •6. Read the text and say what are herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Nutrition
- •7. Read the text and say if the statements are true or false; correct false sentences. Food and Digestion
- •8. Read the text and find English equivalents to the Russian sentences:
- •Respiration
- •9. Read the text and find English equivalents to the Russian words:
- •Excretion
- •10. Read the text and answer the questions. Growth
- •11. Read the text and tell about homeostasis. Maintaining life
- •Read and translate the text, say what is biome. Where Organisms Live?
- •Read the text, classify the animals (reptiles, birds, etc.) and speak about the peculiarities of Britain's fauna. Animal inhabitants of the british isles
- •3. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •Selling ivory
- •In the text above find the underlined words, which are close in meaning to those below:
- •5. Study the meanings of these four related verbs.
- •In some cases more than one answer is possible.
- •6. Translate the following texts, using your dictionary. Fill in the gaps with the words given below:
- •6. Read the text, classify the animals (reptiles, birds, etc.) and speak on the peculiarities of Britain's fauna. Animal inhabitants of the british isles
- •7. Read the text and pick out words that can be used in description of a bird (e. G. Feathers, to fly, etc.). Then give a short summary of the text. The long history of birds
- •8. Read the text and speak on the evolution of the birds in Australia. Australia's birds
- •9. Read the text and match the two words in bold with their definitions given below.
- •The eggs — a living masterpiece
- •11. In the texts below, fill in the blanks with "male(s)" or "female(s)". The singing humpback whale
- •12. The paragraphs below are mixed up. Join the paragraphs so as to get a whole text. Begin with paragraph 2.
- •13. Read the text and match the titles with the paragraphs:
- •14. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading from the list a-c for each part 1 – 3 of the text.
- •15. Read the text and do the assignments that follow it.
- •Read the text and say if the sentences are true or false. Carolus Linnaeus
- •Simple Organisms
- •3. Read the text and say if the sentences are true or false; correct false sentences.
- •Invertebrates
- •4. Read the text make up its plan and answer the questions.
- •What types of bacteria do you know?
- •What kind of cell walls do they have?
- •What are flagellae?
- •What structures are distributed about the bacterial cytoplasm?
- •How do bacteria reproduce?
- •What are heterotrophs and autotrophs?
- •What types of bacteria do you know?
- •What is virulence?
- •Are all bacteria harmful?
- •How are bacteria used?
- •What is the scientific classification of bacteria?
- •Read the text and find English equivalents to the Russian sentences given below. Fish
- •6. Read the text, tell about characteristic features of amphibians and the differences between frogs and toads; find English equivalents to the Russian expressions:
- •Amphibians
- •Arthropods
- •Read the text and answer the questions: Reptiles
- •Read the text and give 7 characteristics of birds that differ them from other animals; prove that birds are adapted to their habitats and life-styles. Birds
- •Read the text and find English equivalents to the Russian expressions:
- •Mammals
- •Read the text and get ready to ask 5 questions on it. Nonflowering Plants
- •Read the text find English equivalents to the Russian words and expressions:
- •Flowering Plants
- •Read the text and match the sentences in a with the Russian equivalents in b Fungi
- •Read the text and answer the questions:
- •Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •3. Read the text, make up its plan and match English words in a with their English equivalents in b The Cell
- •Read the text make up its plan and do the assignment after it. The stuff of life
- •Vocabulary
- •Bibliography
- •Английский язык
- •Часть II
- •Подписано в печать Тираж зкз.
- •625003, Тюмень, Семакова, 10.
The Natural World. Plants and Animals
Reading and Speaking
2.1 You are going to read the text, check the meaning and pronunciation of the words in the dictionary if necessary
Invertebrate, vertebrate, internal, backbone, shell, external, include, cold-blooded, warm-blooded.
2.2 Match the phrase in column A with its meaning in column B
A B
To lay eggs кормить молоком
To grow babies растить детенышей
To feed on milk откладывать яйца
2.3 Find English equivalents to the Russian words in the text given below
Беспозвоночные, позвоночные рыбы, амфибии, рептилии, птицы, млекопитающие. |
2.4 Read the text, entitle it and complete the chart below.
There are many different kinds of animals in the world. About 95% of them are invertebrates, that is to say they do not have internal skeletons with backbones. Many invertebrates have shells, others have external skeletons. So these invertebrates are soft inside and hard outside. Invertebrates include insects, which make 80 per cent of all the animals in the world.
We know of about one million different kinds of insects, and scientists think there may be the same number still waiting to be discovered.
About 5 per cent of the world’s animals are vertebrates. Vertebrates are soft outside and hard inside. They have internal skeletons with backbones. The main groups of vertebrates are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Fish, which live in water, are the largest group. Examples of two kinds of fish are trout and sharks. But not all vertebrates that live in the water are fish. Whales, for instance, are mammals, although they look like fish.
Amphibians live between land and water. A frog is a typical amphibian.
Reptiles, for example snakes, are cold-blooded animals, which live on land. For a hundred and sixty million years large reptiles, dinosaurs, were the most animals on the earth.
Birds are like reptiles in many ways but they are warm-blooded. They are the only vertebrates, which can fly, except for bats. Although they look rather like birds, bats are actually mammals. There are big differences between various kinds of birds. Compare an eagle with a duck, for example.
Mammals are warm-blooded like birds, but unlike birds, mammals do not lay eggs; they grow their babies inside them, and when the babies are born, their mothers feed them on milk.
2.5 Using the text, give characteristics to all groups of vertebrates
2.6 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words given below:
1) Salt, 2) deserts, 3) expand, 4) leaves, 5) overheating, 6) feathers, 7) birds, 8) night, 9) sun, 10) ears, 11) humps, 12) muscles.
The world around us
a)… cover about one seventh of the earth's land area. Though it's extremely hot and dry there, deserts are home to a rich variety of plants and animals that have their own strategies for coping with the harsh conditions.
The desert holly, for example, draws up b)… from the ground and releases it onto its leaves. The white salt covers the c)… entirely and helps to reflect some of the daytime heat, in much the same way that white clothes do for humans.
The huge saguaro cactus can live for more than 200 years. This is partly due to its ability to d)… and store water. A giant of the cactus world, the saguaro is a slow grower but it can reach heights of up to 50 feet and weigh as much as 8 tons.
Like plants, deserts e)… are also well equipped to deal with the conditions. The road runner has a long tail, which helps to keep the bird from f)…. It uses the tail very much like a parasol, erecting it over its head to create shade, thus enabling it to keep cool. Birds, of course, also have their g)… to help them. In other, cooler parts of the world, feathers serve to keep body heat in. In the desert, though, their main function is to keep external heat out, and as a result many birds can spend long periods unharmed in the hot desert h)… Mammals tend to avoid the sun, usually coming out only after i)… has fallen. The jack rabbit in America and the fennec fox in the Sahara, however, do go out during the daytime. Their protection against the heat is a pair of extremely large j)…. As well as enabling them to hear better, the ears contain blood vessels which are so close to the surface of the skin that any air, blowing across them, cools the blood that runs through them.
The most archetypal of desert animals, the camel, has a number of useful techniques and devices. Their nose is equipped with k)…, which enable them to close one or both of their nostrils and keep the sand out during sandstorms. Their feet have only two toes which are connected by skin. This spreads out as they walk on soft sand and deeps them from sinking into it. They can also retain vast quantities of water in their stomachs – not their l)… as many people think. As a result they can go without drinking anything for four times longer than a donkey and ten times as long as a man.
2.7 Read and correct the sentences:
1. Deserts are home to plants only.
2. The huge saguaro cactus draws up salt from the ground and releases it onto its leaves.
3. The road runner has long ears, which help to keep the animal from overheating.
4. Mammals tend to lie in the sun all day long.
5. Only the humps and nostrils help the camel not to sink into the sand.
2.8 Speak on a) the variety and plant and animal life in deserts; and b) how some desert plants and animals manage to survive in the harsh conditions of the desert.
2.9 Before reading the text given below check the meaning and the pronunciation of the words in the dictionary.
Endothermic, heat, tissue, skin, rangy, resting, goosebumps.
2.10 Match the words in A with their meanings in B:
A B
Monotremes сумчатые
Marsupials зимняя спячка
Hirbernation яйцекладущие
2.11 Match the words and phrases in A with their meanings in B.
A B
To heat To make or become hot or warm
To cool To give out sweat
To break down (food) To make or become cool
To supply (energy) To live or exist longer
To insulate To reduce to constituent parts
To sleek To cover or protect (a thing) with a
substance that prevents something of the loss of heat
To sweat To make sleek by smoothing
To pant To give or provide with something
To pull erect To breathe with short quick breaths
To shiver To stand on end, upright, vertical
To survive To tremble slightly especially with cold
or fear
To torpor To be in a sluggish and inactive condition