English для юристов. Гончар

Module 3 Unit 2

Text: Ukraine (part 2)

Vocabulary in use

Language focus:

The Passive Voice (continuous tenses)

Modal verbs (with Simple Infinitive)

Pre reading tasks

1.Discuss the following questions:

a.Who was the first President of Ukraine?

b.What kind of political system has Ukraine?

c.Is there a written constitution?

d.Who is the Prime Minister of Ukraine now?

e.When was the Constitution of Ukraine adopted?

2.Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1	with the consent of	a	вищий апеляційний суд
2	authority	b	за згодою
3	conference of judges	c	влада
4	courts of general jurisdiction	d	суди загальної юрисдикції
5	far5ranging autonomy	e	таємне голосування
6	the highest appeals court	f	з’їзд суддів
7	majority vote	g	більшість при голосуванні
8	secret ballot	h	широка автономія

Reading tasks

1.Read the text to understand what information is of primary im portance or new for you.

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Notes on the text:

The Verkhovna Rada (or The Supreme Council) — Верховна Рада

United Nations (UN) — Організація Об’єднаних Націй (ООН)

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) — Спів5 дружність незалежних держав (СНД)

Council of Europe — Рада Європи

Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) — Організація безпеки і співробітництва в Європі (ОБСЄ)

UKRAINE (part 2)

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 brought Ukraine inde5 pendence. Ukraine’s first direct presidential election was held in 1991. In June 1996 Ukraine adopted a new constitution. Under it, the President is the head of the state and acts in its name. The President is elected by direct, majority vote for a term of five years (by secret ballot) and may serve no more than two consecutive terms. The president is also the Commander5 in5Chief of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. The Prime Minister of Ukraine is appointed by the President of Ukraine with the consent of more than one5half of the constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Under the advice of the Prime Minister, the President appoints the Cabinet of Ministers (executive body). These appointments are subject to confirmation by the legislative body (the Supreme Council — the Verkhovna Rada). The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is responsible for carrying out its policies. The legislature (the Verkhovna Rada) consists of a single chamber of 450 deputies elected for four5year terms. The highest court is the Constitutional Court, which is charged with protecting and interpreting the constitution. The President, the legislature, and a conference of judges each appoint six of the court’s 18 members. The Supreme Court is the highest appeals court for nonconstitutional issues. The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction.

Although Ukraine is a unitary state, its constitution allows for a c5 onsiderable degree of decentralization. The country is divided into 24 regions (oblasts) and one autonomous republic, the Crimea. The cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol’ have special status; their governments, which operate independently of oblast authority, are responsible only to the central government in Kyiv. Local councils and executive bodies, elected every four years, are responsible for their jurisdiction’s taxes, budgets,

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schools, roads, utilities, and public health. The Crimean Autonomous Republic enjoys far5ranging autonomy within Ukraine, including its own constitution, legislature, and Cabinet of Ministers. The latter controls the Crimea’s government and economy, but is restricted from imp5 lementing policies that would contradict the constitution of Ukraine.

In 1945 Ukraine became a member of the United Nations (UN). In December 1991 it was a founding member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and in November 1995 it became a full member of the Council of Europe. It is also a member of the Organizat* ion on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)*.

!	UNDERSTANDING MAIN POINTS

2.Mark these statements T (true) or F (false) according to the text. Find the part of the text that gives the correct information.

1.The Cabinet of ministers is the law5making body.

2.Ukraine consists of 25 regions (‘oblasty»).

3.The President of Ukraine is the chief of its military forces.

4.Presidential elections in Ukraine are held every five years.

5.The highest body of the executive power is the Verkhovna Rada.

6.The Constitutional Court is the highest judicial body.

7.The President of Ukraine nominates nine justices of the Supreme Court.

8.The country has a democratic political power.

9.The executive power is headed by the President of the USA.

10.Ukraine has become a member of the UN since 1945.

BUILD UP YOUR VOCABULARY

3.Find in the text and decide from the context what the word could mean, then choose the appropriate definition.

1)body

a)the whole physical structure of a person or animal;

b)an organized group of people working as a unit;

c)a corpse;

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2)head

a)the upper part of the body, containing the brain, eyes, ears, nose and mouth;

b)a leader or chief;

c)intellect or mind;

3)policy

a)a guiding principle or course of action adopted toward objectives;

b)practical wisdom;

c)a document embodying a contract of insurance;

4)subject

a)any member of a State except the Supreme ruler;

b)a topic or arrangement which is talked, written or studied;

c)to be dependent upon influenced by something, to be under domination.

4.PREPOSITIONS. Choose the right preposition in brackets according to the contents of the sentences (by, under, into, of, from, to, for, with, after).

1.Administratively Ukraine is divided …. 24 regions.

2.The President is elected … five5year term.

3.All the laws in Ukraine are subject … the Constitution, the mainlaw of the country.

4.… the Traffic law it is illegal to drive under influence of alcohol.

5.The constitutional composition of the Verkhona Rada consists … 450 National Deputies of Ukraine.

6.The President appoints … office and dismiss from it, … the consent of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

7.What is the Cabinet of Ministers responsible … ?

8.The President of Ukraine may be removed … the office by the Verkhovna Rada … the procedure of impeachment, if he commits treason or other crime.

5.A. Read and translate Article 20 of the Constitution of Ukraine that provides the brief information about national symbols of Ukraine and find English words and expressions for the following Ukrainian equivalents:

державні символи: Герб, тризубець, гімн, прапор

Article 20

•The state symbols of Ukraine are the State Flag of Ukraine, the State Coat of Arms of Ukraine and the State Anthem of Ukraine.

•The State Flag of Ukraine is a banner of two equally5sized horizontal bands of blue and yellow.

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•The Great State Coat of Arms («Trident») of Ukraine shall be established with the consideration of the Small State Coat of Arms of Ukraine and the Coat of Arms of the Zaporozhian Host, by the law adopted by no less than two5thirds of the constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

•The main element of the Great State Coat of Arms of Ukraine is the Emblem of the Royal State of Volodymyr the Great (the Small State Coat of Arms of Ukraine).

•The State Anthem of Ukraine is the national anthem set to the music of M. Verbytskyi, with words that are confirmed by the law adopted by no less than two5thirds of the constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

•The description of the state symbols of Ukraine and the procedure for their use shall be established by the law adopted by no less than two5 thirds of the constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

•The capital of Ukraine is the City of Kyiv.

B. Try to present some information about national symbols of Ukraine in your own words.

6.Write down the following abbreviations in full words:

CIS, UN, OSCE, the USSR.

Post reading tasks

1.Translate into English the following extracts from the Constitution of Ukraine.

Стаття 1

Україна є суверенна і незалежна, демократична, соціальна, правова держава.

Стаття 6

Державна влада в Україні здійснюється на засадах її поділу на законодавчу, виконавчу та судову.

Стаття 8

В Україні визнається і діє принцип верховенства права.

Стаття 13

Земля, її надра, атмосферне повітря, водні та інші природні ресурси, які знаходяться в межах території України, є об’єктами права власності Українського народу.

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Стаття 19

Правовий порядок на Україні ґрунтується на засадах, від5 повідно до яких ніхто не може бути примушений робити те, що не передбачено законодавством.

Стаття 24

Громадяни мають рівні конституційні права і свободи та є рівними перед законом.

Стаття 55

Права і свободи людини захищаються судом.

Стаття 75

Єдиним органом законодавчої влади в Україні є парламент — Верховна Рада України.

Стаття 76

Конституційній склад Верховної Ради України — чотириста п’ятдесят народних депутатів України, які обираються на основі загального, рівного і прямого виборчого права шляхом таємного голосування строком на чотири роки.

Стаття 85

До повноважень Верховної Ради України належить: прийняття законів; затвердження бюджету України;

надання згоди на призначення Президентом України Прем’єр5 міністра України;

призначення третини складу Конституційного суду України.

Стаття 102

Президент України є главою держави і виступає від її імені.

Стаття 103

Президент України обирається громадянами України на основі загального, рівного і прямого виборчого права шляхом таємного голосування строком на п’ять років.

Одна й та сама особа не може бути Президентом України більше ніж два строки підряд.

Стаття 106

Президент України:

забезпечує державну незалежність та національну безпеку України;

є Верховним Головнокомандувачем Збройних Сил України, призначає на посади та звільняє з посад вище командування Збройних Сил.

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LANGUAGE FOCUS

The Passive Voice (continuous tenses)

1.Make the following sentences interrogative and negative: Example: The new Prime Minister will be appointed tomorrow. The candidate is being discussed now. — Is the candidate being discussed now? No, the candidate is not being discussed now.

1.The judge of the Supreme Court is being appointed at the moment. 2. The matter of the Crimea’s budget is being considered by the members of the government. 3. The suspect was being observed for a minute, then he disappeared. 4. Somebody is walking behind us. I think we are being followed! 5. The victim is being examined now. 6. An agreement is being worked out. 7. A new building of the Parliament is being built.

2.Write passive sentences:

Example: The police are making inquires now. — Inquires are being made by the police now.

1.The Committee was examining the results of the meeting of the heads of the CIS all yesterday afternoon. 2. The investigator was examining clothes when the expert arrived. 3. The Verkhovna Rada is passing the law. 4. The committee is discussing the date of the pre5 sidential election. 5. I was writing a law report all day yesterday. 6. They are spending a lot of money on weapons nowadays. 7. They are checking all information about the new article of the Constitution.

3.Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the verb (Present or Past Continuous):

Example: He (to be questioned) at the moment I came in. — He was being questioned at the moment I came in.

1.The new Tax bill (to be discussed) all day yesterday. 2. I didn’t notice anything, but when I got a cassette I realized everything. Our conversation (to be recorded). 3. The decision of the Constitutional Court (to be discussed) and we heard loud voices. 4. She didn’t realize anything, she (to be robbed) for 30 seconds! 5. Don’t come in! The

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identi5kit of the maniac5murderer (to be made). 6. The plan of future changes in the system of courts (to be discussed) in the afternoon.

4.Translate the following sentences into English:

1.Вашу інформацію щодо винності депутата зараз переві5 ряють. 2. Підозрюваного зараз допитують. 3. Будинок учора обшукували цілий день, але нічого не знайшли. 4. Зараз про5 водиться засідання Верховної Ради. 5. Справу зараз слухають у суді. 6. Зараз розробляють порядок денний засідання Кабінету Міністрів. 7. Зараз беруть інтерв’ю у Прем’єр5міністра України.

8.Чому їх арештовують? Вони невинні.

Modals (with Simple Infinitive)

Can and equivalent (to be able to)

1.Make up sentences with can, can’t, could and it’s equivalent to be able to using the following words and word combinations: Example: to read — Can your brother write? My brother can’t write, he is only five. My brother could read when he was four. He will be able to write soon.

To write, to teach law, to explain the system of courts, to question the witness, speak to the chief investigator, to examine the evidence, to describe the political system of Ukraine.

2. Write what these people can do:

a judge, a prosecutor, a lawyer, a lawmaker, an investigator, a criminologist, an expert, a criminal psychologist.

3.Translate the following sentences into English using can:

1.Я не вмію розмовляти англійською мовою. 2. Ти можеш перекласти доповідь Президента? 3. Вона не може пояснити, чому вони подали апеляцію до Верховного Суду. 4. Де тут можна знайти поліцейський відділок? 5. Ти зможеш перекласти текст правил голосування на президентських виборах? 6. Завтра я буду вільний і зможу тобі допомогти знайти інформацію про виконавчий орган влади Канади. 7. Хто може бути відповідальним за здоров’я суспільства?

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May and equivalent (to be allowed to)

1.Make up sentences with may using the following words and word combinations:

Example: to touch the gun — May I touch the gun? It may shoot.

To come into the courtroom, to read the report of the decision of the Constitutional Court, to take part in lawmaking, to speak to the Prime Minister, to watch the questioning of the accused, to use one’s evidence, to speak to the prisoner, to overhear the discussion of the Verkhovna Rada.

2.You friend is in hospital, he has a broken leg. The doctor is telling him what he may and what he may not do. Write 10 sentences.

3.Translate the following sentences into English using may:

1.Можна війти? 2. Слідчий говорить, що я вже вільний. 3. Будь обережний: ти можеш впасти! 4. Незабаром можуть від5 бутися зміни в законодавстві. 6. Депутат може забути про свою обіцянку. 7. Я думаю, мені не дозволять бути присутнім на засіданні Верховного суду. 8. Коли мені дозволять подивитись рішення про зміни у складі Верховної Ради?

Must and have to

1.Make up sentences with must, to have to using the following words and word combinations:

Example: to analyze the mistakes not to make them in future — We must analyze the mistakes not to make them in future! Did they have to analyze the mistakes not to make them in future? We won’t have to analyze the mistakes, it will be useless.

To perform urgent actions, to examine all details thoroughly, to be responsible for carrying out new policy, to appoint court’s members, to follow the Prime Minister’s advice, to control the problem of public health.

2.Write about your duties. Write 5 sentences what you must do and 5 sentences what you mustn’t do.

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3.What are some of the things you have to do and some of the things you don’t have to do? Write 10 sentences.

4.Translate the following sentences into English using must or to have to:

1.Ви повинні наполегливо вчитися, щоб стати спеціалістом у галузі права. 2. Я повинен був чекати на неї у прокуратурі. 3. Чекайте, я повинен порахувати всі голоси «за». 4. Вони повинні проаналізувати всі засоби застосування нового закону. 5. Місцеві органи влади Криму повинні обиратися кожні чотири роки. 6. Вищий суд повинен розгладати всі апеляції.

5.Fill in the gaps with can, may, must or to have to:

1.… you speak Spanish? — No, I … 3. At what time … you come to the Academy? 4. … I come in, sir? 5. You … not smoke here. 6. … take your lawbook? — I am afraid not. I need it. 7. I … to help my friends with this report in Criminal Investigation, so I cannot go with you. 8. A formal law…prohibit what is morally unacceptable.

6.Translate the following sentences into English:

1.Можна мені взяти участь у розслідуванні? 2. Вас можуть попросити відкрити багаж. 3. Ви повинні були ретельно про5 аналізувати всі обставини справи! 4. Я не міг бути присутнім на засіданні Верховної Ради вчора. 5. Суддя Вищого суду говорить, що питання щодо кримінальної відповідальності депутата може бути вирішено завтра. 6. Прем’єр5міністр може бути обраний тільки зі згоди більшості, ніж половини конституційного складу Верховної Ради. 7. Місцевий уряд повинен бути відповідальним за податки, бюджет, дороги та охорону здоров’я.

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