Glebovsky_Angl_yaz_ch2_09_1_1

3.What are the concrete slabs at each floor level supported by?

4.How thick is the insulation of the infill panels?

5.What kind of ceiling is used for the ground floor?

6.Where are the internal columns omitted?

7.Why does the spandrel of the H-frame have its top sloped back towards the building?

Грамматическое упражнение

Упражнение 1. Найдите в тексте существительные с суффиксом

–ion. Определите, от каких слов они образованы.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словаисловосочетания. ЕслиВынезнаетеслово, найдитееговсловаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

back (n., adj., adv.), pocket (n.), spandrel (n.), towards (prep.), upwards (adv.), wooden (adj.)

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

	A	B	A	B
	иметь наклон	aggregate	дождевая вода	omit
	за, позади	amount	полость	overlap
	соединять внахлёстку	as well as	внутри	plaster
	размещать	behind	составлять	position
	подвешивать	cavity	так же, как и	lead
	цокольный этаж	ground floor	заполнитель	set
	пропускать,	inside	направлять	slope
	не использовать
	устанавливать	rainwater	оштукатуривать	suspend

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

wood – wooden

inwards – outwards – towards – upwards

ПрочитайтетранскрипциювспискеA, соотнеситееёссоответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

			A
[	[	];	[	]; [	[	];
	[	[	]; [	]; [	]
			B
anchorage		symmetrical	rear	intercept	Tunis
mezzanine		terminal	incline v.	rare	interpret
giant		external	incline n.	terminate	joint

ТекстA

HOTEL DE LAC, TUNIS

The hotel with 416 rooms has ten upper storeys which cantilever progressively outwards like wings. The bedrooms are situated on the south longitudinal side, being reached by way of a corridor at the rear. The main stairs, lifts and services are in a concrete core projecting rearwards in the middle of the building. A low podium block contains the entrance hall and offices.

The overall dimensions of the hotel on plan are as follows: 44.4012.50 m on the first floor, increasing to 82.8012.50 m on the tenth floor.

The structural steel frame consists of pin-jointed members including main columns in the two longitudinal facades and one internal row of columns, interconnected by floor beams in the transverse direction. In the longitudinal direction there are continuous reinforced concrete ribbed floors which are

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prestressed between anchorages installed at the ends of the building. The forces from the cantilevered ends of each storey are transmitted through an inclined strut and the prestressed floors. Under symmetrical loading the horizontal forces balance each other in each floor. Horizontal forces due to symmetrical floor loading and to longitudinal wind are transmitted through diagonal bracings installed in the vertical plane between the internal columns at the centre of the building. This bracing system terminates in two V-shaped struts on the ground floor. Wind forces acting in the transverse direction are transmitted through the floor slabs to diagonal bracings located at four transverse axes and at the two ends of the building.

The columns in the longitudinal facades extend down to the foundations, whereas the internal columns and the inclined struts at the cantilever ends terminate in the mezzanine, in which storey-height plate girders and lattice girders span transversely between the external columns. These transverse girders are interconnected by a longitudinal plate girder located under the internal columns. This longitudinal girder is additionally supported on V-struts on each side of the entrance hall which absorb the horizontal thrust exerted by the two inclined struts. Over the entrance two external columns terminate on, and are structurally intercepted by, a plate girder.

Notes:

by way of посредством progressively adv. один над другим V-shaped adj. V-образный

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What is the characteristic feature of this hotel design?

2.How is vertical circulation within the building provided?

3.How do the overall dimensions of the hotel on plan change from the first to the tenth floor?

4.What does the structural steel frame consist of?

5.How are the forces from the cantilevered ends of each storey transmitted?

6.How are wind forces transmitted?

7.What is the longitudinal girder supported on?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:

anchorage (n.), intercept (v.), mezzanine (n.), plate girder, podium (n.), rear (n.), rearwards (adv.), ribbed floor, strut (n.), terminate (v.), incline (v.), outwards (adv.).

Какиеизперечисленныхсловмогутбытьдругимичастямиречи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

Упражнение2. Переведитенаанглийскийязыкприведённыениже слова и словосочетания:

ось, поглощать, дополнительно, находиться, следующие, системасвязей, сплошной, ствол(высотногоздания), направление, другдруга, оказывать действие, устанавливать, балочная ферма, нагрузка, середина, общий, элемент с шарнирным соединением, стальная составная балка, ряд, коммуникации, лестница, заканчиваться, нажим, поперечный, выбирать, верхний, в то время как, ветровая нагрузка, крыло.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:

connections	ensuring	functions	overall	stabilised
door	forces	intervals	right	strip

Sixth Form College, Alton, Hampshire, England

(Продолжение. Начало в упражнении 4 урока 3.3, стр. 20)

The high walls, which form the hall space, are (1)… by the roof and the wall panels on either side. The floor slab is 125 mm thick concrete having (2)… footings where there are significant loads from the internal masonry walls.

Vertical movement joints are provided in the external walls at (3)… of about 9 m and positioned where weakening occurs because of (4)… openings. As a result the building (5)… like a series of individual units. The principal

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problems are in (6)… the stability of individual walls and the overall resistance of the building to horizontal (7)… . In this case the individual walls are stabilised by the other walls to which they are attached and by their (8)… to the ground floor slab and roof. The (9)… resistance of the building is assured by shear walls, which are in one of two directions at (10)… angles to each other.

(продолжение текста в упражнении 4 урока 3.9, стр. 65)

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение1. Переведитеприлагательныессуффиксом–al инаречия с суффиксом –ly. Определите, от каких слов они образованы. Образуйте от прилагательных наречия с помощью суффикса –ly.

actual	clearly	functional	monolithical
additional	closely	immediately	mostly
approximately	completely	independently	partial
basical	essential	industrial	partly
central	fully	mainly	rarely

Упражнение 2. Переведите сложноподчиненные предложения, определите тип придаточного предложения.

1.As window openings are necessary for the building, the perimeter structure is weaker.

2.There are continuous reinforced concrete ribbed floors which are prestressed between anchorages.

3.They know that structural design was made by G. Covre.

4.The purpose, if tube-type systems are used, is to increase the plan area of the tube as much as possible.

5.Where a high-rise concrete frame of cast-in-place construction is used, it is natural to connect the frame with shear walls so that they interact with each other.

6.Non-loadbearing walls should be so designed and attached to the loadbearing structure of the building that they are not subjected to additional loads which they are not designed to take.

7.Framed buildings frequently have walls which increase structural rigidity.

8.Timber beams which rest on concrete ground beams support the cabins.

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Упражнение 3. Работа в парах.

Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А. Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C. Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.

Текст B

JOLLY HOTEL, ROME

The structural design was made by G. Covre, M. Ferretti, Rome. The hotel has 170 bedrooms on seven upper floors. The building is divided into groups, each comprising from two to five bedrooms, arranged on both sides and at the ends of a central corridor.

The hotel has an irregular shape on plan with maximum overall dimensions 66.029.0 m. The height above ground level is 25.0 m.

The functional division of the building is clearly shown in its construction. In front of the glazed areas of the individual groups of rooms are columns, each consisting of two channel sections U 240, spaced at 10.35 and 6.90 m centres and interconnected by facade beams comprising two channels U 450. Along the corridors there are internal columns HE 300 B with 600 mm deep welded longitudinal plate girders. I 450 cross beams span between the longitudinal girders and fascia beams in the two outer walls and I 600 beams in the bedroom walls. Stubs of the cross beams, whose top flanges are flush with the top flanges of the fascia beams, are welded to the fascia beams to serve as brackets to support the sun-screens and flower-boxes.

The floors consist of 6.5 cm deep steel sheet troughing with concrete cover of 60 cm, supported by secondary beams IPE 160 spaced at 1.76 m centres and spanning between the cross beams. The imposed load is 250 kg/m2. Wind forces are transmitted through the floors to the reinforced concrete walls of the staircases and lift shafts.

Windows have wooden frames and plate glass with high degree of sound insulation. Spandrel panels, 80 cm deep, are faced with safety glass.

Notes:

flower-box цветочный ящик flush adj. заподлицо, вровень plate glass листовое стекло

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safety glass безосколочное стекло sun-screen противосолнечный козырёк

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.Who was the structural design of the hotel made by?

2.What are the maximum overall dimensions of the hotel?

3.What is the column spacing?

4.Why are stubs of the cross beams welded to the fascia beams?

5.What are the floors made of?

6.What are they supported by?

7.How are wind forces transmitted?

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Найдите втексте прилагательные с суффиксом –al

инаречия с суффиксом –ly. Определите, от каких словони образованы. Упражнение2. Найдитевтекстесложноподчинённоепредложение

иопределите его структуру.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словаисловосочетания. ЕслиВынезнаетеслово, найдитееговсловаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

cross beam, face (v.), stub (n.), troughing (n.)

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

	A	B	A	B
	стальная составная	along	общие размеры	fascia beam
	балка		прилагаемая
	делить	arrange		imposed load
			нагрузка
	подоконная панель	bracket	вспомогательная	irregular shape
			балка

	проект конструкции	channel	швеллерный	overall
		section	профиль	dimensions
	неправильная	comprise	защитный слой	plate girder
	форма
	вдоль	cover	включать (в себя)	secondary beam
	бортовая балка	cross	поперечная балка	spandrel panel
		beam
	кронштейн	divide	располагать	structural design

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

face n. – face v. rear n. – rearwards adv.

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ПрочитайтетранскрипциювспискеA, соотнеситееёссоответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

		A
[	]; [	[	]; [	[	]; [	]; [	];
	[	]; [		]
		B
rise	Paris	height		beyond		guide
hate	portal	displace		cube		storey
cub	girder	suspend		partial		raise

ТекстA

STUDENTS’ HALL OF RESIDENCE, PARIS

It is a residential accommodation for students comprising 96 rooms located on eight floors. Vertical circulation is provided by two lifts and a services shaft in the internal reinforced concrete core. The ten-storey high-rise building is rectangular on plan with overall dimensions of 40.6010.20 m, the height above ground level being 38.21 m.Alow-rise building, which comprises ground floor and basement and is shaped like two cubes displaced in relation to each other, is structurally separate from the main building.

Rigid frame system with suspended storeys is used in the construction. Three steel portal frames, spanning 12.90 m at 14.50 m centres, each with two transverse girders, are placed at the top and mid-height of the building respectively. At these two levels the portal frames are rigidly interconnected by longitudinal girders on the centre-lines of the portal columns and on the centre-line of the building. The longitudinal girders cantilever 5.80 m beyond

the end columns of the portal frames, and the ends of these cantilevers are joined together by edge girders. Cross-beams arranged at 2.90 m centres span between the horizontal members. A block comprising four storeys is suspended from the transverse and longitudinal girders both at the top and mid-height of the building. The floors of these storeys function as rigid horizontal decks, being braced by lattice girders arranged around the perimeter. The second and seventh floors of the building are connected by horizontal abutments to the portal frame columns.

Wind forces in both directions are distributed uniformly by the floors to the rigid hangers and are transmitted through the floor abutments and upper hanger connections to the main structural system of the building. The portal columns are fixed at the base, thus reducing deformation. Portal columns, cross girders, longitudinal girders and edge girders are of box section. Structural connections are welded. Each column was erected in six units. Each crossbeam consists of two rolled steel sections with 150 mm space between them for the bolted attachment of the hangers.

Floors are made up of steel decking on floor beams, with 9 cm in-situ concrete topping provided with reinforcement in upper surface.

Notes:

cube n. куб

floor abutment опора перекрытия

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.How many buildings does this development consist of?

2.How is vertical circulation within the building provided?

3.What system is used in the construction?

4.How are cross-beams arranged?

5.How are wind forces transmitted?

6.What was used for the structural connection of the elements?

7.What are floors made up of?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:

cross girder, displace (v.), low-rise (adj.), mid-height (n.), portal (n.), rolled steel.

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Упражнение2. Переведитенаанглийскийязыкприведённыениже слова и словосочетания:

фиксировать, подвеска, высотное здание, по отношению друг к другу, располагать, малоэтажное здание, общие размеры, концевая опора, оба, ствол здания с инженерными сетями, иметь форму, с пролётом … м, настил, поверхность, подвесной этаж, коробчатое сечение, скреплять, консольно выступать на … м, распределять, каждый, прямоугольный, болтовоесоединение, сокращать, стволизжелезобетона, помещениедля проживания, соответственно, отделённый, равномерно, перемещение в вертикальной плоскости.

Упражнение 3. Переведите данные существительные и образуйте сихпомощьюгруппысуществительных, характерныедлястроительной терминологии. Переведите их на русский язык.

beam	floor	panel	steel
core	grid	precast	truss
concrete	ground	shear	wall

Упражнение 4. Выберите толкование, которое соответствует строительному термину в левой колонке.

A.BRACING

B.CANTILEVER

C.CHORD

D.SPANDREL

E.STRUT

F.TRUSS

1.One of the outer members in a truss.

2.An assembly of ties and struts forming a framework of linear elements that achieves stability through triangular (треугольный) formations of the elements and acts as a beam.

3.A structural element designed to resist compressive forces and usually forming part of a framed structure.

4.A beam spanning between columns on the exterior of a building.

5.In structural design usually means the resistance to movements caused by lateral forces.

6.A beam or framework projecting outwards from a support.

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения и определите функцию причастияI иII, обратитевниманиенанезависимыйпричастныйоборот.

1.The facades are made of continuous steel mullions of weathering steel, spaced at 1.20 m centres.

2.Vertical steel bracing is the less expensive solution, especially when arranged in large bays or panels.

3.The blended cements consist of mixtures of Portland cement and graded admixtures.

4.Shrinkage when restrained leads to cracking.

5.The structural design of the house made by A. Urech is simple.

6.The residential building has a cantilevered balcony at one end.

7.The elevated structure is supported by four external columns fixed in foundation pockets.

8.The floor panels have different spans, the different slab strengths, thus required, being provided by post-tensioning.

9.When in the required position, the gap between the floor and wall panels is filled with mortar.

10.Pin-jointed to the columns there are secondary beams.

Упражнение 2. Образуйте существительные от следующих глаголов, используя суффикс –ment и переведите их:

adjust, arrange, attach, base, develop, equip, measure, move, place, reinforce, require, settle.

Упражнение 3. Работа в парах.

Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А. Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C. Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.

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Текст B

PHYSICAL EDUCATION COLLEGE, MAGGLINGEN,

SWITZERLAND

The structural design of the physical education college was made by Steelwork contractors. The classrooms, lecture rooms, administrative offices and technical services are accommodated in a four-storey podium block partly recessed into the sloping ground. It is surmounted by a set-back three-storey superstructure containing the main assembly hall and library. The entrance to both buildings is at terrace level. The podium block has overall dimensions of 73.3643.88 m and its height is 13.20 m. The superstructure has overall dimensions of 30.1622.96 m, the height above terrace being 10.85 m. Storey height is 3.45 m, while ceiling height is 2.45 m.

The framework comprises rolled steel columns and 760 mm deep lattice girders in both directions. The 11 cm thick in-situ concrete slab is in composite construction with the girders, the shear connectors being welded studs. Main girders of the structure are in longitudinal direction of the building, spanning 7.20 m. Secondary girders are in transverse direction, spanning 14.40 m. Top chord comprises channel section, while bottom chord and diagonal members each consist of two angle sections. Imposed loads on floor are 300 and 400 kg/m2. Wind forces are transmitted through floor slabs to the concrete core and to concrete retaining walls set in the hillside.

The facades are made of continuous steel mullions of weathering steel, spaced at 1.20 m centres. Between them there are storey-height window units with heat-resistant laminated glass. Spandrel panels are also of weathering steel. The foundation is of limestone at 4 m below ground level. Its bearing pressure is 7.5 kg/cm2. At the back of the podium, the walls are anchored into the rock.

Notes:

administrative office административное помещение laminated glass многослойное стекло

physical education физическое воспитание

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.Who was the structural design of the college made by?

2.What are the two main blocks the building consists of?

3.What does the framework comprise?

4.What are the imposed loads on floor?

5.What are the facades made of?

6.How is the building fixed to the ground?

Грамматическое упражнение

НайдитевтекстепричастияII. Определитеихфункциюипереведите на русский язык.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведитенарусскийязыкприведённыенижеслова исловосочетания. ЕслиВынезнаетеслово, найдитееговсловаре. Выпишитеизсловарятозначениеслова, вкоторомоноиспользовано втексте.

composite construction, library (n.), retaining wall, shear connector, surmount (v.), technical services

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

A

актовый зал

атмосферостойкая

сталь

известняк

заглублять иметь уклон отодвигать назад наземная часть здания

закреплять

	B	A	B
	anchor	уголковый	limestone
		профиль
	angle section	прилагаемая	mullion
		нагрузка
	assembly hall	склон холма	recess
	contractor	средник	rolled steel
	heat-resistant	теплостойкий	set-back
	hillside	стальной прокат	slope
	imposed load	подрядчик	superstructure
	in-situ	монолитный	weathering
			steel

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

rigid – rigidly high – height

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ПрочитайтетранскрипциювспискеA, соотнеситееёссоответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

			A
	[	]; [	[	]; [
[	]; [	]; [	]; [	[	]
			B
Chicago	slander		overall adj.	printable	collapse
accusatory	principle		overall n.	accuracy	valuable
incorporate	incorporated		prevent	substantial	slender

ТекстA

THE HAREWOOD HOTEL, MARYIEBONE, LONDON, ENGLAND

This hotel is an example of the use of loadbearing masonry.

A thick reinforced concrete raft foundation is used to distribute the column loads from the cast-in-place concrete framework that goes up to the first accommodation floor, 16 ft (4.88 m) above street level. The beams in the floor at this level support loadbearing brick cross walls, generally at 10 ft 3 in (3.13 m) centres; these walls form the divisions for the bedrooms on the six floors above.

The concrete frame takes all vertical and horizontal loads including moderate wind forces. At the accommodation levels the brick cross walls transmit vertical loads and wind forces in their own plane. Because the walls are placed in two quite different directions, here they are at right angles, any

possible lateral movements are resisted. Rotational movements are resisted too. Wind forces in buildings less than about ten storeys high are small and the necessary overall lateral resistance is easily provided. However the stability of the individual wall elements needs checking; this is almost completely dependent on the slenderness ratio, the effective height to the effective width of the wall. It is this, the sound insulation, accuracy of construction and workmanship that determine the thickness of the wall rather than the compressive strength of the masonry. The building incorporates slender reinforced concrete columns at some corners within the thickness of the brick walls to limit the area of damage and prevent progressive collapse should a substantial part of a loadbearing wall be damaged. For this purpose, return and intersecting walls can be valuable.

Construction of a loadbearing masonry building such as this requires the careful co-ordination of those who lay the bricks for the walls and those who pour the concrete for the floor slabs. A principle is that only the minimum number of walls be constructed that are necessary to support the floor, these are the loadbearing walls, the other walls, the non-loadbearing ones, then become part of the finishing work. This building took a total period of 20 months to complete.

Notes:

accuracy n. точность

collapse n. потеря устойчивости co-ordination n. координация rotational adj. вращательный

slenderness ratio коэффициент гибкости substantial adj. значительный

valuable adj. зд. полезный

workmanship n. качество (выполнения работ)

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What kind of foundation is used?

2.What is it used for?

3.Which part of the structure is made of masonry?

4.How are lateral and rotational movements resisted?

5.What determines the thickness of the wall?

6.Why does the building incorporate reinforced concrete columns at some corners?

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7.Why should only the minimum number of walls that are necessary to support the floor be constructed?

8.How long was the total period of construction?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания:

accuracy (n.), effective height, collapse (n.), return wall, rather than.

Какие из перечисленных слов могут быть другими частями речи? Какими именно? Как они в этом случае переводятся на русский язык?

Упражнение2. Переведитенаанглийскийязыкприведённыениже слова и словосочетания:

жилой этаж, под прямым углом, тщательный, поперечная стена, зависеть от, определять, разделение, перегородка, приведённая ширина, отделочные работы, включать всебя, пересекающиесястены, сопротивление боковым нагрузкам, класть кирпичи, умеренный, смещение, нуждатьсявпроверке, только, плоскость, заливатьбетон, цель, вполне, сплошнойфундамент, сопротивляться, существенный, толщина, ограничивать, поддерживать.

Упражнение 3. Дайте антонимы следующих слов:

complete v.	north
conventional	omit
far adj.	pad foundation
forward	slight
identical	the former

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение1. Переведитепредложениясусилительнойконструкцией.

1.It is in 1824 that Portland cement appeared.

2.It is cast-in-place reinforced concrete that can be applied to non-standard areas and shapes.

3.It was the wall thickness that established a minimum width for the footing.

4.It is in mild climates that footings are often placed a very short distance below the ground surface.

5.It is high grade steel which is necessary for heavily stressed foundations.

6.It is porous concrete that is the most effective in sound absorption.

7.It is good resistance to most corrosive agents that makes glass so attractive for builders.

Упражнение 2. Переведите прилагательные с суффиксами –ive и –able. Определите, от каких словони образованы.

adaptable	comparable	effective	reflective
additive	competitive	movable	reliable
allowable	compressive	protective	successive
alternative	desirable	reasonable	suitable

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на условные придаточные предложения. Определите тип предложений.

1.If it is decided to use a square footing, it needs to be larger.

2.If built of hollow masonry units they should have the voids filled with concrete.

3.If this distance is great, because of the need to reach adequate soil for bearing, the walls may be quite high.

4.If the basement floor is a significant distance below grade, major soil pressure will be exerted horizontally against the outside of the wall.

5.If the walls and columns were monolithically constructed, some load sharing could not be avoided.

6.For the column, if it were freestanding and not in the line of the wall, the required square footing would be 6 ft2 thick.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию герундия.

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1.The elements are joined to one another by bolting these girders together.

2.Wind-bracing is achieved by vertical lattice systems in the party walls between the flats.

3.The most effective way of resisting horizontal loads, for any given plan area, is to use a cantilever with a solid section.

4.A further increase in stiffness can be provided in steel buildings by using a shear truss.

5.This is best achieved by applying gravity loads down the center of walls.

6.These walls receive a certain amount of vertical load, if only for counterbalancing the tensile forces that would otherwise be caused by bending moments.

7.The different slab strengths thus required is provided by post-tensioning.

Упражнение 5. Работа в парах.

Студент C: Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А. Студент D: Ответьте на вопросы к тексту студента C. Студенты C и D: Поменяйтесь ролями.

Текст B

ALPHA HOTEL, AMSTERDAM

This hotel with 603 bedrooms has a low-rise podium surmounted by two staggered slab blocks connected to an 18-storey central core. Vertical circulation comprises four passenger lifts, two goods lifts and a main staircase in the core, together with two emergency staircases, one at the end of each block.

The slab blocks comprise transverse frames, spaced at 4.0 m intervals, each consisting of two columns interconnected by beams, braced by diagonal members in each storey. Precast prestressed concrete slabs span longitudinally between the beams. As the columns, beams and diagonal bracing are installed in the walls separating the rooms, the construction depth of the floors is merely the thickness of the prestressed concrete slabs. Transverse wind forces are transmitted through the rigid frames; longitudinal wind forces are transmitted by the floor slabs to the reinforced concrete core. The columns are spaced at 10.60 m centres in the transverse direction of the building. Joints in columns are welded, with intermediate steel plates. All other structural connections are bolted.

The 13 cm thick prestressed concrete slabs, 4.01.50 m, are connected to the beams in the transverse frames by welding to the bars left projecting from the concrete. Joints are filled with in-situ concrete with no floor screed.

The transverse frames for the 16-storey slab block were assembled flat on the ground and then successively raised to the vertical position. Floor slabs, spandrel panels and windows were erected in sequence. In this way the structure of one 4 m long section of building was completed every seven days.

Notes:

construction depth строительная высота goods lift грузовой лифт

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.How large is the hotel?

2.How is vertical circulation within the building provided?

3.Why is the construction depth of the floors merely the thickness of the prestressed concrete slabs?

4.What is the column spacing in the transverse direction?

5.What are the dimensions of the prestressed concrete slabs?

6.How were transverse frames assembled?

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

A	B	A	B
только	as	соединять	joint
стык	assemble	собирать	leave
последовательно	connect	так как	merely
сварка	emergency	оставлять	screed
	staircase
каждые семь дней	every seven	монолитная	separate
	days	цементная стяжка
промежуточный	flat	устанавливать	welding
разделять	install	плоско	successively
возвышаться над	intermediate	пожарная лестница	surmount

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