Том 4

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D # 8 C# % % # "# % "#" 8 A& A C # #,$& # #8#, " % " ? #8 " *@ #""& * ? &*D " %8 > #8 &* > " /, # "#" 8 - & 8 [1]. % #"#8 "$" ? " , $# #""& ## ? &*D C - " % > # , $& 8 > #"& # % % #"# %8 #""& 8 / "#" 8> [2].

& 8 *D # %8 " # D 8 / % # $# #"$&*%- @ " % > 8 >, #"$&*% @=# 8$%# #@ # A # & #- # [3]. # & # # , $#& , $# # % # &* 8 % C ?& #@ " / 8 , $A 8 $#8 " $#8 = " > " [1]. < 8$%# # / $#8 " % & # "#- " 8> $ 8 ? # # " $"& @=#8 % &* >8 - % 8 > & > " / # " 8 = # 8 % &* & $& # ?- = C & " / "#" 8> D # , $% & " # * #" @ - " * 8 [2].

' & $& C " ! 8 % >/ 8 8$%# ## "#"- 8> & " " # D C " #8 $ ? # # . % & # >$& " " 8 # ? ?= > $8 $ ! # &*- >8 # " >8 # # 8:

–? &*D " " # #/ 8 %& 8# $"#" 8 # 8 & 8 &* >8# $"#" 8 8#;

–"#&* & # 8 #8 8# A& 8 , =# $ - "#" 8 # "& ? " A& 8 8# " " # $"#" 8;

–" # # " C#8# $"#" 8 8# $ 8# #8 &* >8 " # 8

"# &* ? & "# @= C %& .

< & C 8>/ 8 % & # "#" 8> " # 8 $#8 *" & % " # "#" 8>, $# D ## C# "- > % .

0 +

1.( . ., ! . . #8> A C "#" 8: > % #$& # . — .: C 8#% , 1990. — 440 ".

2.1 @. . ' "-" #" # " # 8 > " "#" 8 A&- " ? # . — .: C 8#% , 1985. 240 ".

3.€+ 0. ., .'. " # D# " #8> "& > A& #- " # " / # "#" 8: > " . — .: C# , 1979. 416 ".

241

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/ #% " > $?& 8 A "$& ## % D > #/, $ - @=# A& A C#@ %#8 8 C , ? % "& , & " C & &- ? % # . ? % # C & & $ # " #/ A&-$# (' ) 8 ?> * $# # / " * % > #/. < # A 8 "- " * $> ## C .

" / $# # / ? % # C & & "& ?& C$# > $C > "& # . &=# C & & % D > >" &* > < 8 " #C * 60—70 88, " = " & $ [1].

< " C ? #8 % % * 8 " ## %8- C C & & ? % # . " >8 #" # 8 8 & C# " / #- ! 8 ## & @ " > # 8 ""##.

&* >8# " / " & @ " "#" 8> C ? # # $ - = # C & &$" / ?" . E#C % > C & & (E ) 8 C $* # ! 8 #@ ? # "# " # " # C & & , 8$ -% , " " # # $& # , & " # % , 8 C ?> * #"$&*% > & & # $& # C & & . "- $&*% # % > #$ E % #"# $# / "#" 8> C #%- ## ? *?> " C & & 8. E 8 "#" 8 $ $# C & &- ? % # & " # # " /, 8 C /, "$& / "#" 8 / [1].

# #/ * "#" 8> — * #%8 #/. " " # #% #-8 # # C , " = " & @=# #%8 # 8$> @= / " >, C & & > C % $ # C % % =# > " .

E #/ * — * "? # ! 8 ## # # # # — &@ " ? && > "? > , # 8 8 & $# > #/ *.

' #/ * — * #"$" C $.

?& " * A!! # C $#8 # "#C % C & & C # . # C & & > C % 8 C# * &* " ? &*D# $ 8 "" & # C & & . ' 8 «$& " » $ = " C >%> " "*8 ? &*D#8# " #8# # 8 >8# & # 8#, # E A 8 "& A!! # >.

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1. L .'. # " # % # $ $#8 #@ "#C % C & & # $C %# #@ C & &$" / ?" #. ! : ' , 1999.

242

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' " = 8 " ? # $?# & / " A&- A C## ( ), $\ & @ " $%## "?> >8 # " >8 8$# 8,D ! 8 % " " # ? # 8 E 13109—97 [1]. E # " &* >8 $" # "#" 8> $& # .

' " %# " ? &*D#8 " 8 $# &* > & A& # " # " 110 ' # >D , " " " #%8 #/ $%- & / " A& A C## (E < ) $ A 8# " #8 " ? #- 8 " " # — # &* . & >? $#8 &* > 8 " " # E < , ? "$# @=# ?&@ 8 " * #8 " # , 8 C #"$&*% *" % > 8 # #.

' " # " 8 >? C > D #/ & ? "$# $"" $ & D #@ < A& # " # " 110 ' # >D $& C " #"$&*% * "#" 8 " # # "$"- & # (EE#E ). " >8# A$8# $" # "#" 8> " #

#"$" & # & @ " :

1.'>? "#" 8> # # .

2. E? > " " ## (8 # # C).

3.'>? A & . "$&*% # $> $D&> & , #"$&*% # 8 #/ 8# $ " #% ## (IEEE, IEC, ANSI, NEMA).

4."" $# # . F # $ & D #@ 8 C ?> * & ""#!# # > $ C # 8 $?# & / # C$$8 $?#- & /, 8 C > # * % 8 # $" "#" 8> " # # "$"- & # [2].

$& # &* (EE#E ) ""8 # @ " $">, " % > " " # 8 . $& # &* #"$&*% # EE#E $% & - & * > > ? A C A!! # " # A& # " / " #.

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1.= &! .. •A 8 # C. .: •& C "-', 2002.

2.Roger C. Dugan, Mark F. McGranaghan, Surya Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty. Electrical Power Systems Quality, E† : McGrave-Hill, 2004.

243

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'" = 8 " ? #8 # & " ! 8# #@ E ""## " # # / D # $?& 8> "# / ? > " A- C "#" 8 8# C# " . '" ? & % #8>8# " " D # $ $>D #@ A!! # " # ! # # # A C ?\ # # - #/ > #8 , % # @=# $"& % # %8 = #/ $# # % 8> # # #/ > &@ # A& # " / " # "#" 8>. #8 #% # D #/ & " $#8 # A& # " C 8- # "# > C A& " # [1, 2], $ >8 $ - #8 " &$& $&@ # 8 % > "$# & #/ ? #%8 # $8 " 8> "#" 8>, $#8 , "$# & #/ - > % >? > A& 8 " 8>, @=# #%8 # C %- # C .

'" %# " $& # 8 8 = > ?>" /" @=# > &@ & / "- # " %8 >8 $#8 # $" / " 8> &@ # 8 % > "$# & #/ $"& &* $* " C ? % #" > $8 # •E , 8 *D % > " /" # "&- # C A!! # " *. & # " 8 # C #-%> " $&* >8.

'/ ? ""8 # " A!! # " * $#8 # C #% # $&* C A& # " C 8 # . % ? " 8 &@ # 8 % > "$# & #/ " $8 =*@ ?>" /" @=# > &@ & /. " ## >? / A& # " / " 8> $#% % # 8# " / " / # " # # " & > & " ? % " # $#8 # $&* C A& # " C 8 # .

'>$& >8# " 8# $% , $# 8 8 &@- ## 8 % C "$# & # " $8 =*@ ?>" /" @=# > &@- & / # 8# " " / # " * "#" 8> " " $# #?- & $" > #/ > %8 = # .

'? $> #""& # $ >? &C # 8 $&- # A& # " #8 8 # 8, C $8 # #" # , & #8 # >? 8 # & & #%C & # " 8 C "$# & # .

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1. ! = .. < >D # # 8# " / " / # " # A C "#" 8> " $8 =*@ A& # " C 8 # C // & . 2004. |4. E. 11—14.

2. & .. $# $# #/ C $& # " >8 >- & 8 # / A C "#" 8> ""## // . 2004. | 8.

244

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&* >8# $?& 8 8# ! # # # E ""## & @ " :

-" $ $" "$" ? " * A& # " / " #;

-"& ? $& 8 " * A& # " # " /;

-$#8 &* "$& # $ 8 = " # / " #. D # A # % " % " $#8 # 8 / & C## — C#?-

# ($& 8> ) "#" 8 A&$# $8 C , "- =# " 8 > 8 C ! # &* > " /" , $% & @=# 8- "#8 &* #"$&*% # " = " @= / A& # " / " # % " - # $ $" / "$" ? " # # $& # 8 = " *@ [1].

< "#" 8 $# # 8 A& 8 A& # " / "#" 8> $# & #% #@ $" $#8 # " /" C - 8 / $&* / 8 " / 8$" ## ( < ) & & D # "& #/# 8# " /, # " # " / " / # " # A& A C # " / "#" 8> ( E) [2]. # " /" $% & @ &* $>D * $ - $" @ "$" ? " * ## A&$, # %> * " = " # "& # " # " / # # 8# " / " / # " # E, , , %8 &* $# A!! # 8 # # # 8 $&- ## A #8# " /" 8# " 8 C# C 8> A& 8 "#"- 8>, $#8 C & %? # C A& " ##.

' / ? $& % C # < # >? > %- # " > $8 . & $& # A # $8 # >- & # $" #8 C $ "& #@ " # " / " / # " # #$% # #%8 # $#8 D-%?# # # " > $8 . & D # % # " % $C 88-> #" &* >/ 8$& ".

'>? " > $8 C & < >$& "& #-! C8 " = " @= / A& A C # " / "#" 8>, # % &*- > #""& # &* /D 8 8 C ?> * #"$&*% > $# % ? #? & A!! # > &C # 8 $& # < . E $8 =*@ % ?- C $C 88-> #" &* C 8$& " 8 # * A!!- # " * # ## " > $8 "#" 8> 8 # " C C # < " 8 ' C .

0 +

1.' & . ., * . . $& # A C "#" 8 8# & ? "$ - # " / # " #. .: C# , 1978.

2.. . ""& # #" # $& 8 / $&* / 8- $" ## " /" & C # $ 8 = " # C#? # #/ A&-

$# $8 C // & # . 2003. | 6.

245

. . , ! .; .'. ? / , .; ! . . . 5 / , . . ., . ( % «# »)

#8 #% 8$# #/ $ $>D #@ # 8# " / " / # " # A& A C # " # "#" 8 ( E) & " $#8 # A& # " C 8 # C , 8 " = " & *" ? $&@- # 8 "$# &* > C % > 8 % > "$# & #/, ? # 8 C &@ # C % # [1].

#" $& # C % / E 8 ""8 # * "- " $# #/ C $& # # 8# " / " / # " *@ A- C !# # > A C "#" 8 # $#8 * C D* "# &* / " # C % #, & / $" #8> 8 > $> > A&$# ## [2].

" ? " *@ C 8$# # , &@ # C % #, & " %8 " * $# " / % ## "& # &* / A C "#"- 8>. < # C #% ## &* # C % /" # # &@ # C $# # " #8 * & " $>8# "$8# &@ # ,$& 8>8# 8 = " *@ C , 8 &* > $ - ?# #8 @ " = " 8 *D @ 8 = " *. /D# % ? # ?& " # & 8 # # # " %# @ %8 " * ? "$## #!!- # C $ 8 8 &@ #@ $?# & /. < A 8 " " &* >8# #""& # $ % ? &C # 8

# #""& #@ A!! # " # $#8 # A& # " C 8 # "# > C # 8 C &@ # C % #.

' / ? #""& # 8# " " / # " * A C !#- # / "#" 8>. ""8 # C % # C& > #" #- # 8 = " #. " # " # #""& #/ % ? &C- # 8 #" C $& # A& # " / C % / ! ## "- " # "# &* C # # "# > C .

'>$& >8# " 8# % A!! # " * $#8 # C # A& # " C 8 # , 8 &@ # " # C % # A C "#" 8>, & $>D # # 8# " / " / # " #.

0 +

1. ! = . ., ( #+ U. ., ( . ., # / . . E ?#% # #8 A C "#" 8> " $8 =*@ $& 8 C A& # " C 8 # // % " #•. C # . 1996. | 6.

2. + A.A. < >D # # 8# " / " / # " # A& A C # " / "#" 8> ( #" ) " $8 =*@ 88 # > % /" #/: !. #"… . . . ., 1997.

246

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' % D > ## A&$# (' ) & @ " #8 #% " > A& 8 A& # " # "#" 8, $A 8 # #@ " # D# " #8> "& & * " ? #8 # .

'" = 8 $> # A "$& # > " "- # D# " #8 D# $#8 " / $" & # ! % > ' , . . $& C " , " ! %> ## ?& @ # / A& # " / 8 " *@ # # # " *@. ' /" # &* " # A # $ - 8 > % @ " , # #8 8 " $! % A& 8 C # "#8- 8 # #/ [1].

$# # ? #8 " # #"$&*% # 8 & /, # > @=# % # A& 8 C # > $8 ! %. ' " %# " 8 % # $ - ?& 8 # &* > $8 #/ ( 8 " # # # # " # ! %>) $ C 8 # " #8 $8 8 $.

'#8 @= /" " = > " $">, " % > " $ - & # 8 &* > $8 ' ! % > # : " " $& >/, 8 # " # ? " >/ &C # 8 # # . - " " @ "$> " " , $% & @=# "" # > * % # A # $8 & ## $ C #$.

'? 8 # " # ? " # $#" &C # 8 " &* > A& 8 C # > $8 ! % ' $ C 8 # " #8 $8 8

$. E % $C 88 & ' , % @= >/ &C # 8 # 8- @= ## ! % > # # A # & > 8 C$ - &@" # . < C 88 ? " $>8# # $>8# # 8#, " ? >8# C % % =# >8# " 8# # ? % # , $% & # > * "$%# #@ #/.

#% % &* ? > % &@ " 8, " % # " 8 , @=#/ %8 " * "" # > * % # &* > A& 8 C # > $8 ' $ C #$ # $& * 8 &* ! % > # .

>/ &C # 8 # $C 88 8 C ?> * #"$&*% > - #""& &*" # ? , " % > " $& # 8 $#8 &* C D C

# " 8> "$%# ##, $# "#88 ## # $ - #/, ? 8 $"" " 8 # " C 8 # & $ " 8, #% @=#8 ' , # C C& / #&&@" ##.

0 +

1. ( %! & .U. E$# &* > " > A&$ " >" C$# . .: C 8#% , 1985.

247

8. . $! + , ! .; ! . . . , . . ., . (%" 0%, *. % )

<& " $, %? 8 8#, #8 ? &*D @ 8$ , " #C @= @ 12—14 8 " ? &*D / / & >. # " # >- 8# $8# = " C ?&@ " $& " " / & /, . . " 8 $& & 8# $& , # " "=$& >8# $8# — " - / $& & / $& . $" " * $& " # % &@ " 8, &- ? # $ &* > ! %, $ # " $#" - "# ; " ?&@ @ " "& #, C $ $8 = @ " $#$& > $& # # "? @ " # " & " > @ " . < # A 8 $#" A& # " # % >, >%> @=# $& & # &* > $& , # C # ? > > $. $#& , $& " $ ?&@ " $# C & & . & & & C " $ $ - #8 = " " $/ " >, "& " # C $ $&$#&* @ ! 8 . < # % /" ## $ " " #8 C & & 8 " " * % D C $ / " # # " , & # 8 *D " . ' % &* % # $\ 8 "#& , >%> @- = $& " $.

$& " % # #%-% C & & > ? % #/ $

<, " #8 ? *" . ' " = 8 & ? *?> " C & &- 8 #"$&*% @ : "#" 8> 8 # # C 8 & C# " # % /" #/

<; $ $& C & & $" >8 # $8 >8 8; $ -% ? # " C / # # ; 8 #%#- > "#" 8> ?&@ # % C & & 8.

'" = 8 #8 " # " > "$" ? $ ? *? " $& " / $.

< >/ — # $& " # 8 * A& # " C % , $8 # /, # 8$> 8 & 8 $# * ?& # . & C ?> #8 * " >/ - * 8$>, ? " # 8 = " # $#, >%>-? &*D# $# & A C "#" 8>.

' / — # * %$" $" # " ## # # #%8 # * !#C #@ ## $ — # * #% & # >/ $8 " &*@ " # $" > "? #/ $. C , D# $#8 " , > 8 $& # $& " # $ >/ 8 8 " = " .

#/ — ? # * 8 # " # " /" (C "# ) % D > ##, # % /" @=# $""> C & & ? % # # $& " # $.

248

=. . # , .; ! . 2. . $! , . . ., . ( "0%, *. )

< # «# && &* >/ C » $#& "* , $ - % 8 $C 88 # $$ % @ "#" 8 , ?& @= @ 8 " /" # "$" ? @ D #@ $& C % . & D # "& > % %8 " / C C "- , ? "& ?\ # # " &* # C "#" 8 . ' %- 8 " * 8 / ? >, $" % #8 /" # 8 C- 8# "#" 8>, $&& &* D # % # " &* #8# C 8#, " 8 &* # "$" ? " * ? #@ > #""& # / "! =# 8 " .

< "& #/ $> % ? # # 8 &* # C > "#" 8 -% ? > 8$# $% & $& # &* > % &* >, "- " # %8 " * ? &*D C #"& C # # @=# , # $#- =# C C ! , # #"& ? ? > $ - #/ # " = # 8 #, ? #8 C & $# # D # , # > #& > $?& 8>, ? @=# $" " C D # $ - 8 $& # &* > "& #/.

"$&*% # 8 &* # C > "#" 8 "! A C # # — A - >/ A$ $# % # # A& A C # " / "#" 8>, $ - & # " D " # & C## «Smart Grid», $% %- # &* $>"# * A C A!! # " * " 8 / "#" 8>, C#? " * # ?>" /" # .

' " = 8 E 8 " 8 C " " 8 # " 8 #- "# ? % # ! 8 #- # " / "#" 8> E « "- < C "» " % ? C & " 8 " C D # %- C A& # " # % & $& # #8 8# ? > A& # " # 8$& " # "#" 8 A& " ? # , & " &* >8 A$8 " % ## 8 &* # C / "#" 8> A C # .

249

. . + , . . ' B , +; ! . . . 0! 1, . . ., . ( % «# »)

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' 8 & $% & / " A& A C## (< ), $ - C # / A& A C # " / "#" 8 ""## A& # " # " 10 — 750 ', > & > D # 8 # > ? #/ $ - A!!# # #" # "# " # &* " # ! 8> # / $# (KU)

# A!!# # 8 n-/ C 8 # " / " " & @= / $# (KU(n)). < 8#8 #" @= / C % # # "! 8 C ? # ,

# > KU # KU(n) D #% [1], >" &* > %- D > ## (' ) A&$# 8 C >%> * D # D # $ A #8 < $# # "# / # $ [2, 3].

' 500 ' # ' 750 ' ?>& $ >/ A "$#8 , & >/ # C % $ #/ KU # KU(n). E 8 $&@ # " " #%8 # (E ) < ' $ - " & #". 1.

. 1. =$ !F* ' ? 0 ! % ! G +- !" & G

% &* > #%8 #/ $% , KU D# $" #/, - >8 $&@ > #""& > ' , " #C 1,63 % $# 8 &* - $" #8 8 2 %, KU(3) " #C 0,97 % $# 8 &* $" #8 80,75 %.

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1./ . ., #+ X " X). ' # #" # 8 C # # # "! 8 "$ C # 8> #8 >"D# C 8 # . // ' " # , .: % &*" #/ 8 , 2007. | 1.

2.0 . . $8 C . — .: C# , 1969. — 272 ".: #&.

3.$ - .@., &* @. ., . ., = & . . $ >" &* > #/ A&$# #" # * / C 8 #- # A& # " # " // & # " # " ##, .: C 8#% , 1989. | 12.

250