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, $# ,

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% $ $ $ – $ $ "

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( . 2.2). (&, ,$ F +`G 140 . .). + , $ %

( . 2.2),	F $# " " ,
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1 E " " – G U $ $ $ $ F «Altair»,

$ Basic. - , 1975 $ !$ – «Microsoft».

32

F, B-J «G» 1982 $ (%..

" , J.G. F). (8- , 300 .

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			(.)), 24 , 2006 0.)
a	$3045		$1150
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&M	64 F		1024 J
%	U 160 F		HDD 160 J, FDD 1,44 J, DVD
			RW / CD RW
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			1280× 1024 .
E$			8 USB, DVI, TV-out
	. !, 2”		256 J , 6-
			$ , 1 U
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-: « » (Big-Tower 20× 48× 70 );

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(Midi-Tower 20× 45× 50 ), ! (Desktop 45× 45× 20 , Slimcase 35× 45× 7 ).

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+				Main Station
(				Intel 975X (QG82975X + NH82801GR (ICH7R) + 6702 PXH-V)
(				533, 800, 1066 JU
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Threading
				Pentium 4, Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition (Prescott, Smithfield,
				Presler).
F 2 PCI				2
F 2 PCI				2 16x, A 2 1 2 16"
Express				2 2 8"
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X/PCI-64
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34

	F IEEE-1394	Texas Instrument TSB43AB22A, 1 1
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		out, 1× S/PDIF-out, 4× USB 2.0, 2× RJ-45 LAN,
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1971 $ – Intel 4004,

#

A. 2.5 - . . Intel 8086, Intel 8088 ( 70-" ) I-J

A+ h01 " $ , .

1 eXTended version

35

- # IBM PC-" F

$ $ $ : Intel Celeron, Pentium, Core Duo AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) Sempron, Athlon1. O , Intel – 82,2 % 16,6 % $ AMD ( $ 2007 .).

, " ! ! , . .

$ $ : Socket 370 Pentium III Celeron, Socket 478 (PGA 478) Pentium 4 Celeron , Socket 775 (LGA 775)

Pentium 4 ; Socket A (S462) Athlon Sempron, Socket 754 Socket 939 Athlon 64)2, " $ .

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$ 18 , " ,

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	U $	F-
4004	1971	2 250
8008	1972	2 500
8080	1974	5 000
8086	1978	29 000
286	1982	120 000
386™	1985	275 000
486™ DX	1989	1 180 000
Pentium®	1993	3 100 000
Pentium II	1997	7 500 000
Pentium III	1999	24 000 000
Pentium 4	2000	42 000 000
Pentium 4	2001	60 000 000
Pentium 4	2002	90 000 000
Pentium 4	2003	120 000 000
Pentium 4 XE	2004	178 000 000
	2015	1 500 000 000

"$ $# ( .

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2Socket ( .) – , .

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$# . %, Athlon XP 1800+ , 1,8 Athlon, " 1, 53

UU, Athlon XP 2200+ - 1,80 UU . .

36

3)$ " " – ,

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0 2.5. + " " Intel

&	U	F	0	0	- $	-	G
CPU	$	,	,	,	,	,
		.		JU
8080	1974	4,5	3	2	8	8	26
8086/8088	1978/1979	29	3	4,77; 8	16	16/8	220
80286	1984	134	1,5	6...20	16	16	224
80386DX	1986	275	1,0	33	32	32	232
80386SX	1988	-»-	-»-	16...25	32	16	-»-
80486	1991	1200	0,8	33...50	32	32	-»-
80486SX			0,8	20...33	-»-	-»-	-»-
80486DX4	1994		0,8	E 100	-»-	-»-	-»-
Pentium	1994	3100	0,6; 0,35	133...200	-»-	-»-	-»-
Pentium Pro	1995	5500	0,35	166...200	-»-	-»-	-»-
Pentium II	1998	7500	0,35; 0,25	233...400	-»-	-»-	264
Pentium III	1999	28000	0,18	500...1000	-»-	-»-	-»-
Pentium 4	2000	42000	0,18	1000…2000	-»-	-»-	-»-
(
Willamette)
Pentium 4	2002	55000	0,13	2200…	-»-	-»-	-»-
(	( )
Northwood)

.

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37

1.- 486-" " $ ,- (8, 16 F). - Pentium$ , : , (8 F) , " (8 F). - Pentium Pro $"$ ,- (L1 L2).

2.J ! SX DX $ !

! " # .

3.- 2002 . Intel Pentium 4 0,13-

" " . 0 2,2 UU, ,- L2 512 F, 256 F Pentium 4. # 146 . . 40%

" ,- .

4.- 2003 Intel $ Pentium 4 " Hyper Threading, !

" " . M

" 25%.

5.- 2005 Intel $ $"2 Pentium D,

$ !, . + $

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«Core Duo» $ «Pentium».

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38

A. 2.7 - % " i975X

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	i815E	Apollo		i845PE	KT600		i915P
		KT133
	Intel	VIA		Intel	VIA		Intel
		Technologies			Technologies
A 2	Socket 370	Socket A		Socket 478	Socket A		Socket775
0	Pentium	Duron	/	Pentium 4	Duron	/	Intel	Pentium
	II/III,	Athlon			Athlon	/	4,
	Celeron,				Athlon XP		Intel Celeron
	VIA Cyrix
	III
(	66/100/133	66/100/133		400/533/800	400		800	/	533
& (J)							JU
0	SDRAM	SDRAM		DDR	DDR SDRAM		DDR, DDR 2
	PC100/133	PC100/133		SDRAM	PC3200;		PC3200;
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				PC2100;	PC1600		PC1600
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J							E	2	U
&	512 J	2 U		2 U	3 U		DDR2		600 /
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							DIMM

39

					4	x	184-pin
					DIMM
A AGP	4"	4x	4x	8x
A ATA	33/66/100	33/66	66/100	66/100/133,	1		x
				SATA	UltraDMA
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					ATA.
USB	4	4	2+4	2+4	4
PCI (max)	6	6	6	5	5
"
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40