2 Часть

Water that reaches a city should be clean and pure. Water that leaves a city is often dangerously contaminated. The provi­sion of adequate supplies can be difficult; the disposal of wastes is sometimes more difficult. These are generalizations which need qualification. In much of the heavily populated part of the world today the water that reaches a city is often contaminated and the water leaving it is even more contaminated. The more technolo­gically advanced cities have installed elaborate water-purifying plants for removing the various pollutants from water and for rendering it reasonably safe for human consumption. In less advanced areas the people take their chances and pay the costs in health. However, few people, except those living high on the watersheds, or in unpopulated areas, have the privilege of drinking "new" water, fresh from the air or from the ground and uncommented by previous use. For most city dwellers the water used has been used before - it has gone through somebody’s kidneys or somebody’s industries before reaching the urban water supply.

Переведите следующие словосочетания из второй части текста на русский язык

clean and pure, the heavily populated part of the world, more technolo­gically advanced cities, water-purifying plants

7. Напишите краткое содержание текста (в 7-10 предложениях)

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 2

Вариант 5

1. Заполни пропуски, вставив правильную форму глагола в скобках в Past Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They ... us at the station (meet).

2. She ... me a very interesting piece of news (tell).

3. ... you ... to the Institute yesterday (go)?

4. I ... you last week. Were you ill? (not see)

5. We ... a lot of money on compact disks (spend).

2. Ответьте на вопросы, используя Past Simple Tense. Подчеркните глагол в Past SimpleTense.

Образец

Were you busy yesterday? Who didn’t attend the lecture yesterday?

Yes, I was. Mike and Helen didn’t. They were ill.

1. Did you go to the country last summer?

2. In what subjects did you take exams before you entered the Institute?

3. When did you become a student?

4. When did you see the dean of your department last?

5. When were you born?

6. Where were you born?

7. How many books did you read last year?

8. Who was the first to come to the Institute yesterday

3. Переведите глаголы на английский язык письменно

cделаю, напишем, уедем, прочитаешь, приготовите (обед), возьму, купите, вымою, прекратишь (остановишься), послушаем, увидит, ответят.

4. Заполни пропуски, вставив правильную форму глагола в скобках в Future Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The play ... in 10 minutes (begin).

2. He ... a second year student next year (become).

3. I ... you tomorrow when we attend the lecture (see).

4. Our company ... the old equipment next autumn (replace).

5. My colleagues ... me on my birthday tomorrow (congratulate).

6. .... you ... me? I want to go on an excursion (join).

7. My aunt... me a call in the morning (not give).

5. Ответьте на вопросы, используя Present Continuous Tense. Подчеркните глагол в Present Continuous Tense.

Образец

Where are you going to? Who is Mike looking at?

I’m going to the Institute. He is looking at Nina.

1. Where are you staying?

2. What is your fellow-student doing on Tuesday afternoon?

3. Who is having lectures, seminars and classes between 12.35 and 5.20 p.m. next week?

4. When are the students planning to go back home?

5. What rule is everybody learning?

6. Прочтите текст. Переведите письменно 4 абзац текста на русский язык.

Man’s use of environment

Man is an animal, and is part of the so-called "web of life’. There is, however, an important difference between man and all other organisms. To an unprecedented degree, man has been able to manipulate other species and the environment itself. In the process his numbers and needs have increased dramatically, and are still increasing. Yet the capacity of the environment to supply these needs is limited, and man’s exploitation of the environment tends to reduce that capacity clearly, this constitutes a co­llision course, vividly reflected in the axiom that, man’s future existence on earth is mot threatened by any species other than, himself.

The thesis I wish to expound is that failure to observe some ecological frond rules has put man into this position. Ecology is the study of organisms in relation to there environment; it deals with the environmental requirements of single species and with whole populations or communities, with the way in which organisms influence, and are influenced by, their environment; and with the way in which organisms interact with one another. If man is to persist on this planet indefinitely, I believe "he must adopt, a new ethic, based on ecological premises to guide his future activity.

I would like to consider first aspects of the evo­lution of the global environment itself, and of the way in which organisms live together, finally looking at the effect of man’s past activities, and pointers to the future.

A primary feature of life on earth is that organisms do not exist in isolation; instead the entire biosphere, is composed of a range of ecosystems each of which contains a number of spe­cies and a number of microenvironments. A forest, or a lake, pro­vides examples of typical ecosystems, but the scale can vary widely; the entire biosphere constitutes the earth’s ecosystem. A primary feature of an ecosystem is that it tends toward self-regulation. Solar energy is absorbed by the green plants of an ecosystem, to provide, through photosynthesis, the basic energy input, which is gradually consumed by metabolism through the food chain and dissipated as heat. Thus there is a flow of energy through an ecosystem starting from solar energy, passing through successive forms of chemical energy - at each stage, some ener­gy being lost as heat - until it is all dissipated.