40.Describe differences in working environments of a translator and interpreter?

Working environments of interpreters and translators vary. Interpreters work in a variety of settings, such as hospitals, courtrooms, and conference centers. They are required to travel to the site-whether it is in a neighboring town or on the other side of the world-where their services are needed. Interpreters who work over the telephone generally work on call, often in call centers in urban areas, and keep to a standard 5-day, 40-hour workweek. Interpreters for deaf students in schools usually work in a school setting for 9 months out of the year. Translators usually work alone, and they must frequently perform under pressure of deadlines and tight schedules. Many translators choose to work at home; however, technology allows translators to work from virtually anywhere. Because many interpreters and translators freelance, their schedules are often erratic, with extensive periods of no work interspersed with others requiring long, irregular hours. For those who freelance, a significant amount of time must be dedicated to looking for jobs. In addition, freelancers must manage their own finances, and payment for their services may not always be prompt. Freelancing, however, offers variety and flexibility, and allows many workers to choose which jobs to accept or decline.

The number of work-related accidents in these occupations is relatively low. The work can be stressful and exhausting, and translation can be lonesome or dull. However, interpreters and translators may use their irregular schedules to pursue other interests, such as traveling, dabbling in a hobby, or working a second job. Many interpreters and translators enjoy what they do and value the ability to control their schedules and workloads.

41. What are the peculiarities of the English language system which are to be taken into account Russian- English translation?

When translating into any language one is expected to treat with due regard the peculiarities of its grammatical and lexico-semantic systems. Of numerous peculiarities of the system of English the following three are, perhaps, the most important for translation into this language.

1. Definite (pre-determined) order of words in a sentence.

2. Predominantly verbal style of expression.

3. Analytical way of expressing semantic and syntactic relations between words (by positioning rather than by prepositions and case forms).

If one compares the above features of English with

• free word Order,

• predominantly nominative style of expression and

• expression of semantic and syntactic relations by prepositions

and/or case forms

typical for Ukrainian the principle objectives of Ukrainian-English translation may be phrased as follows.

•► When translating from Ukrainian into English the translator is:

♦ to change the word order in the source sentences in accord with the English syntax;

♦ to change the source text style into predominantly verbal and

♦ to express the syntactic and semantic relations between nouns by their proper positioning.

42. What are the most important changes of the source text in Russian- English translation?

The diversity of languages from different countries seems to be a formidable obstacle. Whenever people travel or transact business, most of them find it hard to communicate properly because they can’t express themselves fully and struggle with gestures just to interact. That is why it’s important to seek English Russian translations for a number of useful purposes. One of the world’s most spoken languages is Russian with an estimated 277 million native speakers. Moreover, the mother language from the Eastern Europe is one of the six main languages in the UN.