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- •Қожа Ахмет Ясауи атындағы Халықаралық қазақ-түрік университеті
- •2015-2016 Оқу жылы «Шетел филологиясы» мамандығы бойынша магистратураға түсу үшін бағдар сұрақтар тізімі: Theoretical grammar пәні бойынша
- •3. Noun. The category of gender
- •4. Verb. Notional parts of speech
- •Verb as a Part of Speech
- •5. Functional parts of speech
- •6. Simple sentence
- •7. Complex sentence
- •8. Compound sentence
- •9. Sentence. General
- •Complication Contamination
- •Replacement – the use of the words that have a generalized meaning: one, do, etc, I’d like to take this one.
- •Ajoinment - the use of specifying words, most often particles: He did it – Only he did it.
- •10. Noun. General
- •11. Verb. General
- •12. Parts of the sentence
- •13. Communicative types of the sentence
- •14. Compound sentence.
- •15. The category of Mood
- •16. Ways of clause connection
- •17. The category of voice
- •18. The category of tense
- •Present Past
- •Future I Future II
- •19. The categories of person and number
- •20. The aspective categories of the verb
- •21. Adjective
- •22. Adverb
- •23. Pronoun
- •24. Prepositions
- •25. Conjunctions
- •26. Numerals
- •27. Articles the use of articles in english
- •3. The introductory function
- •28. Conditionals
- •29. Reported speech
- •30. Passive voice Use of Passive
- •Form of Passive
- •Examples of Passive
- •Examples of Passive
- •Passive Sentences with Two Objects
- •Personal and Impersonal Passive
- •Methods of teaching foreign languages пәні бойынша сұрақтар:
- •2. The etymology of English words
- •3. Words of native origin
- •5. Semasiology
- •6. What is meaning?
- •7. Grammatical meaning.
- •8. Lexical meaning.
- •9. Denotational meaning.
- •10. Connotational meaning.
- •11. Classification of word
- •12. Hyponymic structures
- •13. Semantic equivalence and synonymy
- •14. Word-groups
- •15. Meaning of word-groups
- •§ 4. Lexical Meaning
- •16. Meaning and polysemy
- •18. Word-Formation
- •19. Affixation
- •20. Prefixation
- •21. Classification of prefixes.
- •22. Suffixation.
- •23. Classification of suffixes.
- •24. Phraseological units
- •25. Free wordgroups
- •26. Sources of homonyms.
- •27. Various types and ways of forming words.
- •28. Idioms
- •29. Lexicography
- •30. Local dialects
28. Conditionals
Conditional sentences have two clauses: a condition (if...) and a result. The verb tenses used in each clause depends on whether the speaker thinks the result is probable (real) or only exists in the imagination (unreal).
Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second language.
Watch out:
Which type of conditional sentences is it?
Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?
There are three types of conditional sentences.
type |
Condition |
I |
condition possible to fulfill |
II |
condition in theory possible to fulfill |
III |
condition not possible to fulfill (too late) |
1. Form
type |
if-clause |
main clause |
I |
Simple Present |
will-future or (Modal + infinitive) |
II |
Simple Past |
would + infinitive * |
III |
Past Perfect |
would + have + past participle * |
2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)
type |
if clause |
main clause |
I |
If I study, |
I will pass the exam. |
II |
If I studied, |
I would pass the exam. |
III |
If I had studied, |
I would have passed the exam. |
3. Examples (if-clause at the end)
type |
main clause |
if-clause |
I |
I will pass the exam |
if I study. |
II |
I would pass the exam |
if I studied. |
III |
I would have passed the exam |
if I had studied. |
4. Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)
type |
|
Examples | |
|
|
long forms |
short/contracted forms |
I |
+ |
If I study, I will pass the exam. |
If I study, I'll pass the exam. |
- |
If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam. |
If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam. | |
II |
+ |
If I studied, I would pass the exam. |
If I studied, I'd pass the exam. |
- |
If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam. |
If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam. | |
III |
+ |
If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. |
If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam. |
- |
If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam. |
If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam. |
* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too).
I would pass the exam.
I could pass the exam.
I might pass the exam.
I may pass the exam.
I should pass the exam.
I must pass the exam.