5. Translate sentences into English using words and word combinations from the Vocabulary Notes.

1). Автоматизація широко використовується на заводах по складанню кузовів автомобілів. 2). Обробка важких деталей може виконуватись роботами. 3). Спрощення конструкції призвело до зниження вартості продукції. 4). Комп’ютери можна використовувати щоб контролювати роботу станків. 5). Гнучка автоматизація дозволяє перепрограмовувати обладнання. 6). Прилади із зворотнім живленням використовуються у багатьох видах виробничих процесів.

6. Make up sentences from the following words and word-groups:

Model: steps, manufacturing, development, several, had, in, automated, its. - Automated manufacturing had several steps in its development.

1) in, step, mechanization, necessary, the, was, automation, of, first, the, development. 2). have, the, manufacturing, of, facilitated, computers, in, feedback, greatly, processes, use. 3). the, gives, direct, computer, to, instructions, automatically, the, that, machine, a, machining, part, centre, the. 4). automation, many, of, industries, their, use, some, technology, part, in, operation. 5). are, some, to, service, automate, difficult, industries. 6). own, concept, each, has, of, its, automation, industry. 7). application, manufacturing, most, for, area, is, automation, of, the, important, one, technology.

Grammar in Use Noun

1. Make the following nouns plural.

A person, a machine, an operation, an example, the plant, the product, a system, the equipment, the work, a robot, a workpiece, the industry, a method, the manufacture, a century, an engine, a thermostat, a tool, a microprocessor, the technology, a mouse, a device.

2. Transform the following sentences into plural.

1) This operation is controlled automatically. 2) The most familiar example of a highly automated system is an assembly plant. 3) An automated control system is used to perform this operation much faster and better than could be done by a man. 4) This specialized machine was motorized and it had better production efficiency. 5) The automobile industry for the first time used an integrated system of production. 6) The feedback principle is used in the automatic-control mechanism when a machine has ability to correct itself. 7) A computer in a flexible manufacturing system can be used to monitor and control the operation of the whole factory.

Additional Text (for individual work)

Read and translate the text.

At an Automatic Plant

The future plant may well be situated tight in the centre of the residential district. The walls will be of metal and glass; there will be no smoke, soot or dust.

In a huge, light and busy plant machines produce a slight humming. No workers moving about among machines, only in a small control room two men are on duty. But in the main the factory runs itself.

The factory is fashioning machine tools from raw steel ingots. Huge rollers set to exact thickness flatten the ingots into sheets. Three-dimensional sensing devices "read" patterns for parts, then transducers convert this information into electrical energy. Amplifiers build up that energy so that it can ran machines to shape, drill, and fasten together the parts.

Thousands of different individual machining operations are all done mechanically, and supervised by machines. While amplifiers can sense and correct tiny changes in speed or voltage which could cause errors, photo tubes can convert light into signals which count, sort, check, detect and judge quality. All operations man did in the past machines do now automatically.

You may say, this has been done for a long time on assembly lines in many factories and most of the individual steps are familiar. That is true, but the new thing is the size and completeness of the system. Not a single stage or a sequence of operations, but a whole plant is completely automated. These systems are described by the term "a closed loop", where a completely automatic, controlling device replaces the operator, and the whole process із carried out without human intervention. The computers keep track of supplies on hand, use of parts, tell how much to produce and check the output. The final information closes the loop of automation, and the kind of control is called feed-back.

But still much research work is to be done to perfect the system. It is essential to improve the quality of automation equipment as well as the programmes of the computers. A major problem is to better automate inspection, quality control, information system. For solid parts and automatic three-dimensional recognition system (size, shape and colour) tie problem still remains of greatest concern. With the increase of automation the scientist must solve the problem of complex interaction groups of sensors tied together by a single system of computer network. The development of new flexible technologies and sociological problems involved need, of course, a new approach too.

So in the ultimate automated factory there will be few, if any, operators or quality control inspectors. Instead, sensors attached to the machines, materials handling systems and package equipment will consider the conditions within their range and send data to programmable controllers, computers or self-contained microprocessors. These units will process the data and send commands back through the system — all without human intervention.