- •Английский язык в сфере юриспруденции
- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •Case law
- •Section 2
- •Text 2 The System of Courts in Great Britain
- •Glossary
- •E.G. The Appellate Committee of the House of Lords was independent, effective, inexpensive and was regarded as one of the finest courts in the world.
- •The court system of the russian federation
- •Section 1
- •The Russian Court System
- •Text 1 the court system in russia
- •Section 2 Courts
- •Glossary
- •The legal careers in great britain
- •Section I
- •The Legal Profession
- •Section II The British Police.
- •Text 2 Duties and Responsibilities of the Police Officers.
- •Section III Barristers and Solicitors.
- •Text 3 Barristers and Solicitors.
- •Language Focus Contrasting and comparing
- •Glossary
- •Unit 4 the legal careers in russia Section I
- •The Legal Careers in Russia
- •Section II The Legal Profession in Russia
- •Glossary:
- •Unit 5 employment Section I
- •Text 1 Employment
- •Police Officer giving a public speech to be flexible
- •Exercise 9
- •Name the professions/occupations/positions where people do the following things.
- •Section II contract of employment
- •Staff contract of employment
- •Vocabulary
- •Glossary
- •Unit 6 a criminal justice Section I
- •Text What happens during the trial
- •Section II
- •From the Court Notes of a Local Reporter
- •Glossary
- •Unit 6 b legal forms of organization: how a business is organized
- •Text Legal Forms of Organization
- •Glossary
- •Unit 7 a civil justice Section I
- •Civil procedure.
- •Section II Text Civil Cases
- •Joan Collins Has Starring Role in Lawsuit
- •Reuter and Associated Press
- •New York
- •Is Justice done?
- •Glossary
- •Unit 7 b
- •Part II
- •Glossary
- •Additional texts Unit 1 General Classifications of Legal Subjects
- •Criminal Courts
- •Civil Courts
- •Unit 2 Classification of law
- •The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
- •Unit 3 Legal Practitioners
- •The judge
- •Judges in Great Britain
- •Unit 4 Judges
- •Prosecutors
- •Advocates
- •Unit 5 employment protection Worker Protection in the usa
- •Unit 6 a Crime
- •Main Types of Sentence
- •Unit 6b Selecting the Legal structure For Your Firm in the usa
- •Unit 7a
- •Unit 7b
- •International business
- •International Business Transactions
Text What happens during the trial
Pre-reading task: Read the text and match the paragraphs with their headings.
Presentation of evidence
The instructions
Opening statements
Jury deliberation.
Closing arguments
The usual order of the events of the trial is the following:
Step 1. Selection of the jury.
Step 2. (1) ……….. The lawyers for each side discuss their views of the case and present a general picture of what they intend to prove about the case.
Step 3……(2)…….. . All parties are entitled to present evidence. The testimony of witnesses who testify at trial is evidence. Evidence may also take the form of physical exhibits, such as a gun or a photograph.
During the trial the lawyers may make objections to evidence presented by the other side or to questions asked by the other lawyer. If the objection is valid, the judge sustains the objection. If the objection is not valid, the judge overrules the objection. These rulings do not reflect the judge’s opinion of the case.
The duty of the jury is to decide the importance of evidence or testimony allowed by the judge.
Step 4… (3)……….. The judge instructs the jury on the laws that are to guide the jury in their deliberations on a verdict.
Step 5……(4)………. The lawyers in the closing arguments summarize the case from their point of view. They discuss the evidence or comment on the credibility of the witnesses.
Step 6…(5)……… The jury retires to the jury room and elects the foreman. When a verdict has been reached, the foreman signs it and informs the bailiff. The jury returns to the courtroom and the foreman presents the verdict. The judge discharges the jury from the case and pronounces the sentence.
Exercise 7
Find the derivatives of these words in the text.
to defend, to prosecute, to deliberate, to object, to present, to select, credible
Exercise 8
Find words in the text which mean the following.
a legal action, especially one to be decided in a court of law
a formal meeting in a law court, at which a judge and jury listen to evidence and decide whether a person is guilty of a crime
a formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court of law
an official decision made by a judge or court
the group of people who have been chosen from the general public to listen to the facts about a crime and to decide whether the person accused is guilty or not
formal discussions of the jury verdict
the decision that is given by the jury at the end of a trial
a person giving testimony to a court of law
a person who presides over a jury and speaks on its behalf
the punishment that a person receives after he/she has been found guilty of a crime.
Exercise 9
Match the words to make collocations from the text.
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Exercise 10
a) Write the correct words in the blanks.
The convicted person can appeal to a higher ___________(rtuco) against the sentence or conviction.
The prosecution proves that there is a case against the ___________ (tnafdeedn).
The jury passes a __________ (crdevti).
The parties make their _____________(gicosln) arguments.
b) Complete the sentences.
The jury is instructed by ______________________________.
Witnesses are examined and cross-examined by _______________________.
The evidence is presented by __________________________________.
The accused is formally charged with a crime by ______________________.
c) Choose the right word and fill in the blanks.
held selected made sentenced
The jury is __________________by the prosecution and defence.
Opening statements are _________________from each side.
The trial is _________.
The defendant is ________________by a judge.
d) Use a)-c) and write the stages in the correct order.
Exercise 11
Are these statements true or false?
statement |
true |
false |
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Exercise 12
Answer the questions:
What are the steps of the trial?
What can be considered evidence?
When can objections be made?
Who can sustain or overrule an objection?
What does the judge say in the instruction?
Who presents closing arguments?
What does the jury do during the jury deliberation?