- •1.1. Read the text and find the word equivalent to «scientific method». Scientific меthod and меthods of sciense
- •1.2. Remember some of the verbs followed by a preposition which, is retained in the passive structure.
- •1.3. Try to evaluate a method (technique or procedure) using the words given below.
- •1.4. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •1.6. Name a familiar method, technique or procedure of which you would say that it:
- •1.11. Make statements about problems which in your opinion are difficult to solve, to present or to discuss. Use the following phrases.
- •1.12. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
- •2.1. Read the text and say how the author increase the accuracy of his results.
- •2.2. Remember the following combinations and their equivalents.
- •2.3. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
- •2.4. Give all possible word combinations which go with data (results, findings). Use the words listed bеlоw.
- •2.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •Our preliminary results All these data
- •2.6. Make the following sentences complete.
- •2.7. Translate into Russian and identify the predicate.
- •2.8. Use the words listed below to evaluate study (investigation, research).
- •2.9. Make up sentences using a-patterns in combination with b-phrases numbered below.
- •2.10. Complete the following sentences.
- •2.11. Nаme some studies (researches, investigations) or a particular study (research) of which you would say:
- •3.1. Read the text and explain when a hypothesis becomes a principle of science.
- •Рurе and applied science
- •3.2. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
- •3.3. Remember the words which are most frequently used with theory and hypothesis.
- •3.5. Translate into Russian.
- •3.6. Compose sentences indicating the time a theory (a hypothesis) was advanced. Use the parts in a, в, с.
- •3.7.Complete the following sentences
- •3.8. Name some theories which are no longer used nowadays as incorrect, inadequate or invalid, also show where the theory is wrong or why it is invalid.
- •3.9. Make use of the adjectives given below to characterize work.
- •3.10. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences evaluating the work done.
- •3.11. Translate the following sentences stating the purpose of the work into Russian.
- •3.12. State the subject of:
- •4.1. Read the text and state the objective of mathematics. Mathematization of natural sciences
- •4.2. Remember the words given below which are used to evaluate.
- •Information
- •4.3. Translate into Russian.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences.
- •4.5. Write a detailed account of all the available information on your problem, mentioning also the information that is still needed.
- •4.6. Make up pairs of words using adjectives given below as attributes to the word "evidence".
- •4.7. Translate the following. Choose all the sentences showing lack of evidence.
- •4.8. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences showing what the evidence obtained, suggests.
- •The evidence obtained from recent studies in this area
- •4.9.Complete the following sentences:
- •4.10. Characterize and give a possible interpretation of:
- •5.1. Read the text and give a Russian equivalent of the title. Scientific attitude
- •5.2. Distinguish between the following structures. Translate into Russian.
- •5.3. Try to evaluate an experiment using the words given below.
- •5.4.Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Further experiments of this kind were
- •5.6.Complete the following sentences.
- •5.7.Speak of your resent experiments starting what they have demonstrated, also, the conclusions you have made.
- •5.8. Characterize briefly pioneer experiments in your field of research.
1.12. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
fundamental ones, most challenging ones, most obscure ones.
Introduce your statements wherever possible by :
«In my opinion», «To my knowledge», «It’s common knowledge that...», «In all probability», «Probably», «Obviously»
UNIT 2
2.1. Read the text and say how the author increase the accuracy of his results.
Recently much attention has been given to the study of this phenomenon. In this paper new experimental observations are presented and discussed.
The data have been obtained assuming a new model of the mechanism involved, which was suggested in an earlier study by the author. The measurements have bean carried out with a conventional apparatus slightly modified by the author. All possible sources of error are taken into account and consideration is given to the advantages and shortcomings of the present approach. The results are analysed and the analysis is followed by a comparison of the data obtained with those available in literature. It is hoped that the disagreement may be accounted for by an improved experimental technique of the present investigation.
2.2. Remember the following combinations and their equivalents.
to give consideration to - to consider рассматривать
to make allowance for - to allow for учитывать
to make mention of - to mention упоминать о
to make a contribution to - to contribute to вносить вклад в
to make reference to - to refer to ссылаться на
to make use of - to use использовать
to take advantage of - to make изо of воспользоваться
to take note of - to take notice of - to pay attention to обращать внимание
2.3. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
This atmospheric interference has often been made reference to by radio and TV commentators. Unfortunately no advantage was taken of the fast reaction rate. So far no notice has been taken of the obvious advantage of this technique. Recently the problem has been given close consideration in connection with a new space project. Several outstanding contributions have been made to the study of crystal growth. There is no doubt that in the course of further scientific development extensive use will be made of modern computing machines and electronic devices.
2.4. Give all possible word combinations which go with data (results, findings). Use the words listed bеlоw.
Preliminary, previous, recent, new, further; old, out-of-date.
Basic, chief, main; essential, important; precise; sufficient; significant; even.
Clearcut, explicit; straightforward, unequivocal; definitive, conclusive; convincing; comparable, compatible, consistent; valid; reliable.
Inexplicit, equivocal; confusing, puzzling; undefinitive, inconclusive, unconvincing; incomparable, incompatible, inconsistent; insufficient; insignificant, inessential, unimportant; uneven, fragmentary; discouraging unreliable, invalid.
2.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
A
The data reported in literature
The data obtained as a result of our experiments
Numerous data obtained with this technique
The data we have obtained from those experiments
We have recently obtained some data which