- •1.1. Read the text and find the word equivalent to «scientific method». Scientific меthod and меthods of sciense
- •1.2. Remember some of the verbs followed by a preposition which, is retained in the passive structure.
- •1.3. Try to evaluate a method (technique or procedure) using the words given below.
- •1.4. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •1.6. Name a familiar method, technique or procedure of which you would say that it:
- •1.11. Make statements about problems which in your opinion are difficult to solve, to present or to discuss. Use the following phrases.
- •1.12. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
- •2.1. Read the text and say how the author increase the accuracy of his results.
- •2.2. Remember the following combinations and their equivalents.
- •2.3. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
- •2.4. Give all possible word combinations which go with data (results, findings). Use the words listed bеlоw.
- •2.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •Our preliminary results All these data
- •2.6. Make the following sentences complete.
- •2.7. Translate into Russian and identify the predicate.
- •2.8. Use the words listed below to evaluate study (investigation, research).
- •2.9. Make up sentences using a-patterns in combination with b-phrases numbered below.
- •2.10. Complete the following sentences.
- •2.11. Nаme some studies (researches, investigations) or a particular study (research) of which you would say:
- •3.1. Read the text and explain when a hypothesis becomes a principle of science.
- •Рurе and applied science
- •3.2. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
- •3.3. Remember the words which are most frequently used with theory and hypothesis.
- •3.5. Translate into Russian.
- •3.6. Compose sentences indicating the time a theory (a hypothesis) was advanced. Use the parts in a, в, с.
- •3.7.Complete the following sentences
- •3.8. Name some theories which are no longer used nowadays as incorrect, inadequate or invalid, also show where the theory is wrong or why it is invalid.
- •3.9. Make use of the adjectives given below to characterize work.
- •3.10. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences evaluating the work done.
- •3.11. Translate the following sentences stating the purpose of the work into Russian.
- •3.12. State the subject of:
- •4.1. Read the text and state the objective of mathematics. Mathematization of natural sciences
- •4.2. Remember the words given below which are used to evaluate.
- •Information
- •4.3. Translate into Russian.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences.
- •4.5. Write a detailed account of all the available information on your problem, mentioning also the information that is still needed.
- •4.6. Make up pairs of words using adjectives given below as attributes to the word "evidence".
- •4.7. Translate the following. Choose all the sentences showing lack of evidence.
- •4.8. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences showing what the evidence obtained, suggests.
- •The evidence obtained from recent studies in this area
- •4.9.Complete the following sentences:
- •4.10. Characterize and give a possible interpretation of:
- •5.1. Read the text and give a Russian equivalent of the title. Scientific attitude
- •5.2. Distinguish between the following structures. Translate into Russian.
- •5.3. Try to evaluate an experiment using the words given below.
- •5.4.Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Further experiments of this kind were
- •5.6.Complete the following sentences.
- •5.7.Speak of your resent experiments starting what they have demonstrated, also, the conclusions you have made.
- •5.8. Characterize briefly pioneer experiments in your field of research.
Our preliminary results All these data
The above findings
The results of the experiments reported here
B
show(ed); demonstrate(ed); indicate(d); point to; suggest(ed); seem to suggest; strongly suggest(ed); strongly indicate(d).
C
a highly-specific mechanism involved in the interaction» some such possibility of direct influence of this factor; a totally different mechanism of these changes; some other factor responsible for these effects; that the slow down was presumably due to the presence of a strong magnetic field; that the changes wore due to external factors alone; that the system remain unaffected.
2.6. Make the following sentences complete.
There are sufficient data in current literature about ...
There seems to be mаnу results relating to the origin of ...
Most of these data were chiefly contributed by the laboratory of ...
Some of these data are comparable with those published in ...
The data obtained with this technique strongly suggest that the changes are due to ...
2.7. Translate into Russian and identify the predicate.
The method applied increased the accuracy of the results.
After a heated discussion the laboratory applied the method improved by Dr. N.
The scientist theoretically predicted complicated interaction between the components involved in the process.
Heat resistant materials developed in the last decade produced a revolution in a number of industries.
Automatized information processing radically modified the method devised.
2.8. Use the words listed below to evaluate study (investigation, research).
Initial, pioneer, previous, recent, current, present, further.
Experimental, theoretical; field, laboratory; integrated, multi-disciplinary; full-scale, extensive.
Technical; careful, detailed, thorough, profound, complete, comprehensive, fundamental; intense.
Encouraging, stimulating, promising; useful; fruitful, successful; interesting; fascinating.
2.9. Make up sentences using a-patterns in combination with b-phrases numbered below.
A
We started our investigation hoping to
The laboratory undertook these studies in the hope of
The authors initiated those studies in the hope of
The purpose of this preliminary research is to
The chief aim of the present research is to
The present investigation is an attempt to
B
bring to light more facts about the precise nature of these changes; obtain experimental evidence for the hypothesis; make a contribution to this newly and rapidly developing field of research; obtaining further information on this phenomenon; establish atomic arrangements in crystals of unknown structure; filling in the gaps in our knowledge of these types of reactions.
2.10. Complete the following sentences.
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At present there are many experimental studies of the effects of...
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Numerous comprehensive investigations are now being carried out to reveal the causes of...
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A study was initiated to determine the amount of...
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We have already performed several preliminary investigations to establish...
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The primary object of this fundamental research is to obtain some results which...
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Carrying out this research we intended to demonstrate...