Буровое оборудование – drilling equipment

Теоретическая часть – Theoretical part

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты могли свободно ориентироваться в техническом тексте и активно использовать предлагаемые слова и словосочетания. Грамматика– повторение Past Simple & Past Continuous.

Задания – Activities

Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

Activity 1. The following new words and phrases are to be learnt:

support опора, опорная плита

sufficient strength достаточной прочности

to bear нести, вынести

proper loads соответствующие нагрузки

able способный

principal tool основной инструмент

to weigh весить

control center центр управления

to house вмещать

drum барабан

to spool наматывать на катушку

to transmit передавать

by turning the joint при помощи поворота соединения

during connections and trips во время соединений и подъемов

chain-driven unit агрегат, с цепным приводом

slush pump шламовый/буровой насос

under necessary pressure под нужным давлением

double-acting двойного действия

duplex двойной

piston поршень

high capacity высокой мощности/производительности

h.p.( horse power) лошадиная сила / л.с.

is driven приводится в движение

screw pump винтовой насос

sealed chamber герметичная камера

leakage утечка, протечка

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Activity 2. Read and translate the text:

Drilling equipment

The substructure is a support on which the derrick is rested. It must be of sufficient strength able to bear the proper loads providing 100% safety operation. Substructures are different in their dimensions depending on the type and weight of drilling equipment on them as well as on the quantity of control devices which are mounted too. Substructures may be made of concrete and metal. Drawworks is the principal tool of equipment on a rotary rig and can sometimes weigh up to 40 tons. It’s like a control center from which a driller operates the rig. It houses a drum which spools drilling recovery wire during hoisting operations. Rotary table has two primary functions: to transmit the rotation to the drill string by turning the joint and to bear weight of pipes during connections and trips. The table is a chain-driven unit but a small separate engine is sometimes used as an separate unit.

Mud pumps or so called slush pumps are designated to circulate drilling fluid (mud) under necessary pressure. The pump used for this purpose is double - acting, duplex type. Double- acting means that each side of the piston is in action and duplex refers to a number of pistons, there are two. Mud pumps provide high pressure and high capacity and are used in drilling. The capacity of the mud pump is about several hundred h.p. (horse power). The pump is driven by electrical motor or diesel engine. There are 4 general groups of prime movers – diesel, steam, internal combustion or diesel-electric. They should be met certain specifications. Diesel-electric combination is widely used, diesel – to drive generators which supply electricity to electric motors on the rig. They are especially used on off-shore installations with a minimum space.

A pump is a mechanical device used to move liquids or gases. Also the heart is an essential pump in humans and animals to move the blood around. The earliest pump was described by Archimedes around 300 BC and is known as the Archime-

des screw pump. Pumps work by using mechanical forces to push the material, either by physically lifting, or by the force of compression.

Pumps fall into two categories: positive displacement pumps, which force fluid from one sealed chamber to another with little leakage, and dynamic pumps, which use the momentum of the fluid to move it across an unsealed chamber.

Задание 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

Activity 3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is substructure?

1. ………………………………………………………………………………

2. What kind of material is used for substructures?

2. ………………………………………………………………………………

3. What does double-acting mean?

3. ………………………………………………………………………………

4. How many groups of prime movers do you know ?

4. ………………………………………………………………………………

5. Who described the first pump?

5. ………………………………………………………………………………

Задание 4. Выберите и подчеркните правильный вариант, употребляя Past Simple или/и Past Continuous по образцу:

Activity 4. Choose and underline the correct answer using Past Simple or Past Continouos ( see model):

Model: He (came/was coming) in and saw Mary who (drew/was drawing) a nice picture.

1. The businessman (was flying/flew) to England a week ago.

2. I (didn’t hear/ wasn’t hearing) what he (said/was saying). I ( typed/was typing) at that moment.

3. He suddenly (realized/was realizing) that he (was traveling/traveled) in the wrong direction.

4. I (looked/was looking) for you in the theatre all evening. Where (did you sit/were you sitting) ?

5. The secretary (came/was coming) and (said/was saying) that a visitor (waited/was waiting) for me in the hall.

6. The train (stroke/was striking) an obstacle on the line but it (didn’t stop/wasn’t stopping) because it (was traveling/traveled) too fast at that time.

Задание 5. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:

Activity 5. Give the Russian equivalents to the following phrases:

a support on which the derrick is rested …………………………………………….

the quantity of control devices ……………………………………………………..

to transmit the rotation to the drill string ……………………………………………

the capacity of the mud pump is …………………………………………………….

the should be met …………………………………………………………………..

Задание 6. Найдите ошибки в написании слов и справа напишите правильный вариант( по образцу 0):

Activity 6. Find mistakes in the words and write them correctly in the right part:

0. Pump is a mekanical devise used to mechanical/ device

1. move lickuids or gasses. Also the ……………………………….

2. hart is an esential pump in humans. ……………………………….

3. Pumps work by using mechanickal ……………………………….

4. fources to push the materiel either ……………………………….

5. by phisicaly leafting or by the force ………………………………..

6. of compresion. Pumps fall into too ……………………………….

7.categouries: possitive displacement ……………………………….

8. pumpes and dynamic pumpes. ……………………………….

Задание 7. Изложите главную идею текста (5-7 предложений). Постарайтесь осветить следующие пункты:

Activity 7. Give the main idea of the text (5-7 sentences). Try to speak about:

1. Substructure

2. Drawworks

3. Rotary table

4. Mug pumps

5. Archimedes pump

Практическое занятие 8 ( 14) Unit 8

ПРОЦЕСС БУРЕНИЯ – DRILLING

Теоретическая часть – Theoretical part

В рамках этого практического занятия студенты работают с текстом практического занятия 8 ( 14). Для построения монологического высказывания на английском языке о процессе бурения необходимо владеть следующим материалом: лексикой, предложенной в теоретической части практического занятия 8, и навыками пересказа текста. По грамматике – повторение Present Simple & Present Continuous.

Задания – Activities

Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

Activity 1. Read and learn by heart the following words:

crew бригада

drilling operations буровые работы/опреации

pre-set depth заданная глубина

oil trap нефтяная ловушка

to locate располагаться/ находиться

to place устанавливать/ ставить

collar пояс/ манжета/ кольцо

to attach прикреплять

to circulate mud подавать раствор

to prevent from collapsing предотвратить от разрушения

spacers распорки

bottom plug забойная заглушка

cement slurry цементный раствор

to harden затвердевать

hole отверстие/ скважина / шурф

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Activity 2. Read and translate the text:

Drilling

Rotary workers trip drill pipe

The crew sets up the rig and starts the drilling ope- rations. First, from the starter hole, they drill a surface hole down to a pre-set depth, which is somewhere above where, they think, the oil trap is located. There are five basic steps to drilling the surface hole. You can read them below.

1. They place a drill bit, a collar and a drill pipe in the hole. 2. Then the kelly and turntable are attached and the drilling is starting. 3. As drilling progresses, it is necessary to circulate mud through the pipe and out of the bit to flo at the rock cuttings out of the hole. 4. When is necessary, new sections (joints) of drill pipes should be added as the hole gets deeper.

5. When the pre-set depth (it may be from a few hundred to a couple-thousand feet) is reached, the crew removes or trips out the drill pipe. Other operations should be started. Once they have reached pre-set depth, they must run and cement the casing – place casing-pipe sections into the hole to prevent it from collapsing in on itself. The casing pipe has spacers around the outside to keep it centered in the hole. The casing crew puts the casing pipe in the hole. The cement crew pumps cement down the casing pipe using a bottom plug, cement slurry, a top plug and drill mud. The pressure from the drill mud causes the cement slurry to move through the casing and fill the space between the outside of the casing and the hole. Finally, the cement is allowed to harden and then is tested for such properties as hardness, alignment and a proper seal.

Задание 3. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы:

Activity 3. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the crew do from the starter hole?

2. What are the main steps of drilling?

3. What is necessary to complete after reaching pre-set depth?

4. What does cement crew do during drilling operations?

5. What tests is it required to do after cement hardening?

Задание 4. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:

Activity 4. Give Russian equivalents to the following phrases:

Drilling operations, oil trap is located, as drilling progresses, through the pipe, to trip out drill pipes, a couple-thousand feet, once they have reached, to move through the casing, to fill the space between, the cement is allowed to harden.

Задание 6. Заполните пропуски, используя слова, данные ниже( oдно слово ис-пользуется только один раз):

Activity 6. Fill the gaps using the words given below:

( each, was, power, is, in, to, from, motor, electrodrills, swivel, which, speed, means, consists, rotation).

The first bottom hole electrodrill ……designed in 1937 … Russia by engineers Ostrovskiy and Alexandrov. 1500 r.p.m. electric ……… was provided with a reduction gear … ease drill revolution. The diameter of ……………… can be varied …….. 215 to 250 mm, length is from 7,5m to 12m and rotation ………. from 500 to 700 r.p.m. Electrodrill ……………… of an electric motor in oil bath and a spindle for transmission of the ……………. and power on the bit. The electric motor …. provided with a hollow shaft through ……… circulating drilling mud is passing to the bit. The electrodrill is powered by ……….. of a special 3-line cable fixed on ……. drill pipe of proper size. A fixed electrical ………… transmits electric ………….. to the bottom hole motor.

Задание 7. Переведите следующие предложения :

Activity 7. Translate the following sentences into English:

1.После монтажа буровой установки бригада начинает буровые работы.

2.Вначале они бурят поверхностное отверстие до заданной глубины, которое находится где-то над нефтяной ловушкой.

3.Затем они устанавливают долото, манжету и буровую трубу в скважину, а потом прикрепляется ведущая буровая труба и поворотный стол. 4.Необходимо подавать буровую жидкость через трубу и долото с тем, чтобы вымывать остатки пород(шлам) из скважины.

5.Как только они достигли заданной глубины, они должны зацементировать обсадную трубу, чтобы предотвратить обрушение скважины.

6.Бригада обсадчиков устанавливает обсадные трубы в скважину, а цемент- ная бригада закачивает цемент по обсадной трубе.

7.После затвердения цемента его проверяют на такие свойства как твердость, ровность и надлежащая герметичность.

Задание 8.Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в одном из времен Simple: Present Simple, Present Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous:

Activity8. Open brackets and write the verbs in proper Tense:

( have/has been working- Present perfect Cont.| are/is working- Present Cont.)

1.My brother (work)……….. at a research Institute. He (work) …………………

……….. there for 5 years since 2000. He (work) ……………………….. on his thesis now. 2. Professor M. (take) ……….. courses in English and American lite – rature. He (know) ………….. 6 foreign languages and he (speak) …………… and

(read) ……….. 4 languages fluently. At present he (learn) ……………………….

Japanese. He (learn) …………………………….. it for some months. 3. What you (do) ……………….. here? – I (translate) ……………………………. an article about Sheldon’s life. I think you (translate) ………………………………… it for a long time. 4. What you usually (do) ………………………………. in the evenings? I usually (do) …….my English, (read) ………. interesting books or so-

metimes (watch) ………… TV. Now I (write) …………………… a report.

Задание 9. Перескажите текст, используя зад. 7 и новые слова.

Составьте план пересказа.

Activity 9. Retell the text using new words and Act.7. Make a plan of your story:

Activity 10. Describe the picture on page 34: What are they doing? And how?

Практическое занятие 9 ( 15) Unit 9

СТАДИИ БУРЕНИЯ – STAGES OF DRILLING

Теоретическая часть – Theoretical part

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты смогли прочитать текст, а затем рассказать об этапах бурения, обращая внимание на детали, смогли сделать лексико-грамматический анализ текста. По грамматике – повторение Present Perfect.

Задания – Activities

Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

Activity 1. Read and learn new words:

stage этап, ступень

to run опробовать, эксплуатировать

to reveal обнаружить, выявить

at this point в этой точке/этом месте

to remove убирать, вытаскивать

to perform several tests выполнить несколько тестов

to confirm подтвердить

well logging каротаж скважины

sensor датчик

to take measurements проводить измерения

drill-stem бурильная колонна

to measure the pressure измерять давление

to take core samples брать образцы керна

perforating gun стреляющий перфоратор

explosive charges взрывные заряды

to run a pipe опускать трубу

conduit трубопровод, желоб

packer пакер

tubing труба малого диаметра/тюбинг

to run down опускать вниз

is expanded расширяется

to form a seal образовать уплотнение

Christmas tree фонтанная арматура

core sampling отбор керна

acid is pumped закачивается кислота

to dissolve растворять

limestone известняк

sandstone песчаник

to blend смешивать

fractures трещины, изломы

pellets гранулы

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Activity 2. Read and translate the text:

Stages of drilling.

There are several stages in drilling process. First they drill, then run and cement new casings, then drill again. When the rock cuttings from the mud reveal the oil sand from the reservoir rock, it means that they have reached the final depth. At this point, it is necessary to remove the drilling apparatus from the hole and to perform several tests to confirm this finding.

The first test is well logging. Well logging means lowering electrical and gas

sensors into the hole to take measurements of the rock formations there. The se-cond one is drill-stem testing. During drill-stem testing we lower devices into the

hole to measure the pressures, which will reveal whether reservoir rock has been reached or not. The third operation is core sampling. Core sampling means to take samples of rocks looking for the reservoir rock characteristics. Once, after reaching the final depth, the crew completes the well to allow oil flowing into the casing in a controlled manner. First, they lower a perforating gun into the well upto production depth. The gun has explosive charges to make holes in the casing through which the oil can flow.

After the casing has been perforated, they run a small-diameter pipe (tubing) into the hole as a conduit for oil and gas to flow up the well. A device called a packer is run down the outside of the tubing. When the packer is set at the production level, it is expanded to form a seal around the outside of the tubing. Finally, they connect a multi-valve structure, called a Christmas tree, to the top of tubing and cement it to the top of the casing. The Christmas tree allows them to control the flow of oil from the well.

Once the well is completed, they must start the flow of oil into the well. For limestone reservoir rock, acid is pumped down the well and out the perforations. The acid dissolves channels in the limestone that lead oil into the well. For sandstone reservoir rock, a specially blended fluid, containing sand, walnut shells, aluminum pellets, is pumped down the well and out the perforations. The pressure from this fluid makes small fractures in the sandstone that allow oil to flow into the well, while the agents hold these fractures open. Once the oil is flowing, the oil rig is removed from the site and production equipment is set up to extract the oil from the well.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

Activity 2. Answer the following questions:

1. When do they remove the drilling apparatus from the hole?

2. What is necessary to perform after removing drilling bit?

3. What is well logging test?

4. What does drill-stem testing mean?

5. What are core samples taking for?

6. How is perforating gun used and what for?

7. What is finally connected to the top of the tubing?

Задание 4. Напишите перевод следующих фраз на английском:

Activity 4. Write the translation of the following phrases:

несколько этапов процесса бурения ………………………………………….

обнаружить нефтяной песок ……………………………………… … спуск электро и газовых датчиков ………………………………………….

сделать отверстия в обсадной трубе ………………………………………….

позволяет управлять потоком нефти ………………………………………….

как только скважина закончена ………………………………………….

кислота растворяет каналы …………………………………………..

давление создает маленькие разломы …………………………………………..

нефтяная вышка убирается …………………………………………..

Задание 5. Выберите правильную форму вспомогательного глагола to have и заполните пропуски в предложениях, где есть Present Perfect.

Activity 5. Choose the correct form of the auxiliary verb’ to have’ and write:

(have, has, had, shall have, will have, having)

1.Mary put on a nice hat she …….. bought in Moscow. 2. This is the loveliest pic-ture I ………. ever seen. 3. The work ……. just been finished and we …… went to the park. 4. Mike says he …… bought an interesting book yesterday. 5. It’s 12 now and by 2 o’clock we ………. discussed all the problems. 6. She said she …… pub-

lished her first story ten years before. 7. He says he …… wrote this letter to his friend a week ago. 8. Peter …… known me since my childhood. 9. My uncle ……. worked at the university for 30 years before he retired. 10. Our control tests ……..

been corrected before the next lesson.

Задание 6. Перескажите текст, используя новые слова и словосочетания.

Activity 6. Retell the text using new words and combinations.

Выучи: ALL IS WELL THAT ENDS WELL

Learn by heart: Хорошо то, что хорошо кончается

Практическое занятие 10 ( 16) Unit 10

МЕТОДЫ БУРЕНИЯ – METHODS OF DRILLING