- •1. English as a world language and an International aviation language
- •Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •Перекладіть слова, звертаючи увагу на словотворчі елементи:
- •Перекладіть:
- •2. Language problems in aviation ( Individual work)
- •Unit II. Airline services
- •1.Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •3. Airline services
- •I. Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •II. Заперечте або погодьтеся.
- •III. Перекладіть.
- •IV. Заповніть пропуски.
- •Occupations in the aviation industry
- •5. Airline operating costs( Individual work)
- •6. Classification of air transportations
- •7. The role of air transport in general economic and social development
- •Unit III. The airport: passenger handling
- •I. Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •8. Airport formalities
- •9.The departing and arriving passengers
- •10. Special categories of passengers
- •Passengers making direct connections.
- •11. Stand-by passengers( Individual work)
- •12. The international passengers
- •I.Дайте відповіді на запитання.
- •II. Погодьтеся або заперечте.
- •III. Перекладіть.
- •IV. Заповніть пропуски.
- •Unit IV. Civil aviation organizations
- •13. Icao
- •14. International civil aviation organizations( Individual work)
- •Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •Перекладіть :
- •Знайдіть у тексті еквіваленти:
- •Перекладіть:
- •15. The council ( Individual work)
- •16. Some civil aviation organizations ( Individual work)
- •17. Iata - history and organization
- •18. Computerized systems in airports( Individual work)
- •V. Air traffic
- •19. Safety
- •Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •Перекладіть:
- •Перекладіть:
- •20. Air traffic Control( Individual work)
- •Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •Перекладіть:
- •Перекладіть:
- •21. Human factors in aviation( Individual work)
- •Дайте відповіді на запитання:
- •Перекладіть:
- •Знайдіть у тексті еквіваленти:
- •Перекладіть:
- •22. Emergency( Individual work)
- •23. Emergency Definitions( Individual work)
- •24. Icao’s Global Aviation security Strategy( Individual work)
- •25. Aviation Security equipment( Individual work)
- •26. Language and aviation safety( Individual work)
- •27. Aviation and environment ( Individual work)
- •28. Modern etiquette: travel in the 21 centutry
- •Список використаних джерел
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Перекладіть слова, звертаючи увагу на словотворчі елементи:
establish – establishment
special – specially – specialist – speciality – specialize – specialization
urgent – urgency
safe – unsafe – safely – safety
achieve – achievement – achievable
vary – various – variously – variety – variant – variable – variability
sufficient – sufficiently – sufficiency
collide – collision
critical – uncritical – critically – criticize – criticism
require – requirement – unrequired
oppose – opposite – opposition – oppositionist
add – addition – additional – additionally
act – active – actively – activate – activity – action
heavy – heavily – heaviness
contribute – contributory – contribution
lose – loser – loss
strict – strictly – strictness
cover – coverage – discover – discovery
real – really – realist – realistic – realism – reality
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Перекладіть:
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Каково население этого района?
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Когда появились первые поселения европейцев на этом континенте?
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Каковы основные характеристики английского языка?
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Они обсуждают вопрос о новых рабочих языках в ИКАО – арабском и китайском.
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Когда проводилась последняя ассамблея ИКАО?
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Кто переводил эти материалы на русский язык?
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Какова цель этой встречи?
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Есть какие-нибудь новые публикации по этой проблеме?
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Они достигли большого успеха в этой области.
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Большие усилия нужны для решения этой проблемы.
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Необходимо хорошо владеть английским, чтобы работать в международном аэропорту.
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Недостаточное владение экипажем английским языком привело к катастрофе.
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Катастрофа произошла над океаном.
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На какой высоте столкнулись самолеты?
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В этой катастрофе была большая потеря жизней.
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ИКАО примет новые поправки к Аннексам в следующем месяце.
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У нас достаточно топлива, чтобы лететь в Копенгаген.
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Мы должны владеть как радиотелефонной фразеологией, так и обычным английским.
2. Language problems in aviation ( Individual work)
Nowadays many people of different tongues are using aeroplanes everywhere. And this is the language problem for an airport, airspace user and navigation personnel.
It is known that the working languages of ICAO are those of English, French, Spanish and Russian. But it is known as well that many aviation specialists in the world are very limited in the knowledge of one of these languages or even do not undergo sufficient training in English to master radio communication. This results in some problems facing both pilots and controllers, namely: accent, mispronunciation, inaccurate grammar, speed of delivery, the persistent use of non-standard radio-telephony (RT) phraseology and some others.
A prerequisite to becoming a controller or a pilot should be a high standard of spoken English. A non-native speaker monitoring another speaking English over the RT may be confused by inaccurate grammar or pronunciation.
Speed of delivery is another frequently head complaint, especially about aerodrome terminal information services (ATIS) and meteorological broadcasts to aircraft in flight (VOLMET).
It is not less important to speak without pauses and stumbles over words. The best recommendation is the rate of 100-120 words per minute.
Another difficulty is that of accent which is not easily rectified. This problem is connected with the peculiarities of pronunciation. For example, there exist peculiarities in pronunciation inherent in certain geographical regions in the South Pacific.
The ICAO RT phraseology has been designed to limit each instruction to the minimum number of words. It is for this reason that a controller does not want to waste time listening to extraneous language, particularly at busy times when the traffic flow is heavy.
It sometimes happens that the user may be able to speak the limited number of phrases quite well and may react to them correctly. But it does not mean that he is really speaking the language. He is treating it as a code without being aware of adequate meaning of the words spoken. This will do in a standard situation, but in an emergency communication is absolutely impossible. It follows that any course of teaching RT phraseology by rote without language teaching is dangerous as the student is unable to cope with emergencies.
These are several recommendations to improve the situation:
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A high standard of English is essential as a precondition for qualification either a controller or a pilot. Proficiency is required both in speaking and comprehension.
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In service tuition in English should be mandatory for both controllers and pilots with stress on pronunciation.
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Radio traffic should be monitored, either regularly or from time to time by a qualified assessor.
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English speakers should abstain non-standardized chat and especially from developing regional jargon.
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Language training should take place in the area in which the trainee will be operating, i.e. teachers should go where the trainees will work.
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ATISs and VOLMETs should be subject to specified word flow rates.
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On purely logic grounds and without any nationalistic bias English should be made the primary official language for all RT communications relating to air traffic control. This would greatly enhance flight safety.