- •Неличные формы глагола инфинитив
- •(Verbals)
- •Verbal Predicate
- •The infinitive
- •The infinitive can be:
- •1.1 Forms of the infinitive
- •Practice
- •1.2. The bare infinitive and the to-infinitive the use of the bare infinitive
- •1.2.1 “Let”, “make”, “would rather/ sooner” and “had better”
- •1.2.2 The infinitive with or without “to” after “help” and “know”
- •Practice
- •Context
- •When we were at school as children we were (make/wear) ……………………………
- •1.3. The functions of the infinitive
- •1.3.1 Infinitive as subject
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •The compound verbal predicate
- •Practice
- •Infinitive as subject
- •Infinitive as predicative
- •The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate
- •1.3.2 The infinitive as object
- •Come lend repeat show shut wait
- •2. Complete the sentences for each situation.
- •3. Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
- •4. Put the verb in the right form:–ing or infinitive (with or without to).
- •1.3.3. The infinitive as attribute
- •5. The noun-substitute one.
- •Practice
- •Model: I had avoided the house all day and had brought food that we could eat by the lake.
- •Complete the following using the infinitives as attributes.
- •1.3.4. The infinitive as adverbial modifier
- •Adverbial modifier of purpose
- •Revision
- •1.4. Constructions with the Infinitive
- •1.4.1 The for-to-infinitive construction
- •In translating this construction into Russian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used.
- •Sentence patterns with the for-phrase
- •Practice
- •1.4.2 The Objective with the Infinitive Construction (Complex object)
- •The Complex Object is used after the verbs:
- •Practice
- •1.4.3 The subjective infinitive construction (complex subject) (the Nominative-with-the-lnfinitive Construction)
- •Practice
- •1.5 Test yourself
- •Insert 'to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets:
- •Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the Infinitive:
- •Define the function of the Infinitive:
- •Translate the sentences into English using infinitives and infinitive constructions:
- •Bibliography
1.3. The functions of the infinitive
Functions |
Indicators |
Patterns |
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Subject |
a) in the initial position: b) with the anticipatory “it” eg. It’s easy to ..., it was important to ..., it’s wise of him to… |
To study is never late.. It is never late to study. |
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Part of a compound nominal predicate (predicative) |
“be” in the required tense form |
His desire was to have a dog. |
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Part of a compound verbal predicate |
modal |
a) after modal verbs b) modal expressions *c) verbs denoting modality: expect, desire, hate, hope, like, intend, want, try, wish, etc. |
I can speak English well. When I was a boy I was not able to speak English well. *c) I expect to arrive in Bern at 4 o'clock. |
|
aspect |
after verbs expressing the beginning, duration or end of an action: begin, cease, continue, go on, finish, start, etc. |
Bob began to work. She continued to talk about the problem. |
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Object |
|
He claims to be an expert on the subject. |
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Part of a complex object |
after verbs of: a) sense perception: see, hear, feel, notice, watch, etc. b) wish and intention: desire, intend, mean, want, wish, etc. c) mental activity: believe, consider, know, think, etc. d) feeling, emotion: dislike, hale, like… e) declaring: announce, declare, pronounce, report, etc. f) order, compulsion and permission: allow, get, have, let, make, order, permit… |
I heard him lock the door. I want you to come along with us. He believes it to have been a mistake. She hales him to be bothered. They reported the enemy to be seven miles away. Let her do what she wants to do. What made you believe it? |
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Attribute |
after: a) abstract and class nouns b) indefinite pronouns: somebody, something, someone c) ordinal numerals: first, third… d) substantivized adjectives: last, next substantivized quantitative adjectives: much, little, (no)more,(no)less, little more e) the noun-substitude one |
There's no matter to discuss. There is somebody to look after.
He was the first to come. She was the last to do it. I’ve got no more to add. A man in your position has so much to lose. I’m not the one to believe. |
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Adverbial modifier of |
purpose |
sometimes introduced by the conjunction in order to, so as |
He said it (in order) to save your life. |
|
consequence (result) |
after adjectives modified by “enough” and “too” |
Bill is wise enough to confess his fault. |
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Comparison(manner) |
Conjunctions; as if, as though, than |
He opened his mouth as if to speak. She liked more to listen to the troubles of others than discuss her own. |
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Parenthesis |
to be honest, to begin with, to cut the long story short, to get to the point, not to make too much of it, to put it another way, to tell you the truth, to say the least, to put it mildly, to say nothing of, to be frank, etc. |
* c) I expect to arrive in Bern at 4 o'clock. Some scholars consider it to be an object.